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This research aims to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning learning model on review text writing skills in class XII students at SMA Negeri 1 Pekanbaru and to find out how the Problem Based Learning learning model is applied to review text writing skills in class the type of research carried out in this research is a Quantitative Approach. The population in this study was all students in class. The data collection technique used in this research is the test and observation method. Data Analysis Techniques In this research the author uses quantitative descriptive. The research results in this study are the value of review text writing skills studied using the Problem Based Learning method, meaning that the average percentage of student scores is 85.00 ≥ 100% of the specified KKM, so it can be concluded that H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected and there is an influence on Value of review text writing skills for class XII students at SMA Negeri 1 Pekanbaru. The results of hypothesis testing use the t test, namely the Independent Sample T-Test via the SPSS program. shows that t count ≥ table, namely 128.567 > 2.036 with df = 32 at the 5% significance level is 2.036 so that H1 is accepted and Ho is rejected.

The learning of physics, particularly mechanics, poses significant challenges for high school students. Concepts such as Newton’s laws, energy, and three-dimensional vectors are often difficult to grasp using traditional teaching methods. Virtual Reality (VR) has emerged as a promising solution by providing an immersive and interactive learning environment. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of VR-based learning media in enhancing students’ understanding of physics concepts, with a specific focus on mechanics. An experimental design was employed, consisting of two groups: an experimental group using VR for learning and a control group receiving traditional instruction. Pre-test and post-test assessments were used to measure the improvement in students' conceptual understanding of physics. The findings indicate that students in the experimental group demonstrated a significant improvement in their understanding of complex physics concepts, such as projectile motion, force, and Newton’s laws, compared to the control group. Students in the experimental group also exhibited higher levels of engagement and motivation, with VR's immersive nature encouraging active participation in learning. The study concludes that VR is an effective tool for enhancing students’ comprehension of abstract and complex physics concepts, improving their visualization and problem-solving skills. Furthermore, VR-based learning provides students with opportunities to conduct virtual experiments and simulations that may not be possible in traditional classroom settings. The implications of this study suggest that VR should be integrated into the physics curriculum to improve learning outcomes, especially in schools with access to the necessary technology. Educators and curriculum developers are encouraged to explore VR’s potential in fostering a more engaging and effective physics education.

This research was conducted as a response to students' low interest in learning in English subjects at Al Amin Islamic Middle School, North Cikarang, Bekasi Regency. Several factors that cause this low interest include the lack of attractiveness of the material, monotonous teaching methods, and the lack of connection between English language material and students' daily lives. The impact is a decrease in students' interest in these subjects, which can affect their interest in learning. In an effort to increase students' interest in learning, the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model is used, where the teacher gives students ample opportunities to determine problem topics that are relevant to the learning material, even though the teacher has prepared the material that will be discussed in the lesson. The learning process is focused on students' abilities to solve problems systematically and logistically. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Through observation, interviews and documentation, the research results show that the application of the PBL learning model at Al Amin Islamic Middle School, North Cikarang, Bekasi Regency can increase students' interest in learning. English teachers who use the PBL model get good responses from students, where students are active in the teaching and learning process, ask questions actively, and are able to answer questions well and appropriately during discussions. The PBL learning model also encourages students to be more diligent in doing their assignments and provides high motivation to learn. Students find it easier to solve problems and are able to apply the knowledge they have.

The aims of this research are: 1) to determine the application of the problem based learning model in addition and subtraction counting material in class 2 at SDN Kaloy, 2) to determine the increase in the ability to understand addition and subtraction in class 2 students at SDN Kaloy. This research method uses Arikunto's Classroom based action research PTK model. The subjects of this research were 20 grade 2 students at SDN Kaloy, Tamiang Hulu District. There were 2 cycles of action in this research (Cycle I and Cycle II). The data collection techniques used are planning, implementation, observation, reflection and documentation. The results of the research show that: 1) The application of the problem based learning model to the ability to calculate addition and subtraction was carried out in 2 cycles with different results. In Cycle I, the results of observing teacher activities were 87.5 (very good) and the results of observing student activities were 82.8 (good). Meanwhile, in Cycle II there was an increase, the results of observing teacher activities were 92 (very good) and the results of observing student activities were 89 (very good). 2) Improvement in the ability to calculate addition and subtraction of class 2 students at SDN Kaloy in Cycle I, the class average was 79 (fair) which had not yet reached the minimum performance indicator of 80. In Cycle II there was an increase in the class average, namely 86 (very good). The percentage of student learning completeness increased from Cycle I 64% to 84% in Cycle II with an increase of 20%.

The aim of the research is to find out the problems faced by PAI teachers in implementing the independent curriculum, as well as to find out what solutions PAI teachers use to overcome the problems faced in learning Islamic Religious Education in the independent curriculum at vocational schools. Negeri 1 Tanjung Raya. To achieve the above objectives, a descriptive qualitative research approach was used with a case study type approach, based on the problem formulation, objectives and benefits of the research. The key instrument is the PAI teacher and the supporting informants are the school principal and head of curriculum at SMK Negeri 1 Tanjung Raya. The data collection techniques used were interviews and documentation. After that the data was analyzed by source triangulation, namely by comparing the results of the interview with the data obtained. The results of the research show that the problems experienced by PAI teachers are: (1) difficulty changing old habits and thought patterns because they are used to the 2013 Curriculum. (2) Lack of teacher readiness in differentiated learning is influenced by limited references. (3) there is no awareness of students to play an active and creative role. (4) limited learning support facilities. Solutions implemented by teachers include: attending workshops, seminars and training related to the Independent Curriculum, sharing experiences with other teachers, and providing motivation for students to be active and creative in learning.

To improve the quality of the student learning process by increasing the quality of teachers' professional abilities, all teachers must go through a learning process that makes it possible to find and solve learning problems in their respective classes based on the principles of Classroom Action Research (PTK). Classroom Action Research is carried out with the aim of improving or enhancing student learning activities and achievements. PTK is an activity carried out to find out problems that arise in the classroom when the teacher is interacting with students in carrying out the teaching and learning process. PTK is research carried out by class teachers through self-reflection with the aim of improving teacher performance, so that the quality of learning increases (Mills, Geoffrey E, 2000, Schmuch, A. Richard, 1997) which can be seen in the percentage of students' success in completing the exercises systematically. verbally and in writing. In the learning process, learning means an activity carried out by the teacher and students together. The essence of the learning is the process of giving and receiving and ends with an evaluation which is deliberately carried out by the teacher to find out how far the students' level of understanding is

 The main problem in this research is how to apply the complete sentence learning model in improving paragraph writing skills in Indonesian language subjects for class V students at SD Negeri 37 Palambarae. This research aims to determine the application of the complete sentence learning model in improving paragraph writing skills in Indonesian language subjects for class V students at SD Negeri 37 Palambarae. The type of research used is classroom action research which consists of two cycles where each cycle is carried out in 2 meetings. This research procedure consists of 4 stages in each cycle, namely planning, implementing actions, observing and reflecting. The subjects in this research were 21 fifth grade students at SD Negeri 37 Palambarae. The results of this research show that in cycle I of the 21 students who completed individually, only 12 or around 57.14% met the Minimum Completeness Criteria. Meanwhile, in cycle II, out of 21 students, 19 students or 90.47% had fulfilled the KKM and classically had been fulfilled, namely the average score obtained was 80.19 or was in the high category. Based on the results of the research above, it can be concluded that the complete sentence model can improve paragraph writing skills in class V Indonesian language subjects at SD Negeri 37 Palambarae.

The background of this research is that the learning process of the Aqidah Akhlak still tends to be passive, lack of motivation, interest in student learning, the mindset of students who are less open during the learning process, lack of student activity, students are less critical in the learning process, while the problems raised when learning begins are problems that are often encountered in everyday life. This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model on learning outcomes in the Aqidah Akhlak subject at MAN Kota Pariaman. This research is a quantitative research type of Quasi Experimental Design, the subject of this research is students of class XI IPS1 and XI IPS2 at MAN Kota Pariaman with a total sample of 59 students. The research sample is class XI IPS1 as the experimental class with the Problem Based Learning learning model, class XI IPS 2 as the control class using conventional methods. The sampling technique is the total sampling technique, which means that the sample taken is the same as the population. and with a research design of the type "The only posttest control group design". Based on the research results, it was found that there were significant differences in student learning outcomes between the application of the Problem Based Learning learning model and conventional learning models in the Akidah Akhlak subject. This can be seen from the posttest results of both classes. From the test results, it is illustrated that the average difference in the learning outcomes of students in the experimental class and the control class is illustrated. By implementing the Problem Based Learning learning model, it is high compared to the scores of students who do not use the Problem Based Learning learning model in the Learning control class on learning outcomes in the Aqidah Akhlak subject at MAN Kota Pariaman.

This study aims to determine whether the application of the Problem Based Learning model can develop the critikal thinking skills of class XII students in learning Akidah Akhlak at MA Nurul Falah Ciater. The type of research is qualitative with a qualitative descriptive and the subject of this research is students ini class XII MA Nurul Falah Ciater.. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques using data reduction, data presentation, data verification, and conclusions. Based on the results of research and data analysis, that the Problem Based Learning model applied to moral akidah learning, can develop the critical thinking skills of XII grade students in learning moral akidah at MA Nurul Falah Ciater. Students are actively engaged in critical thinking problem solving and develop analytical skills. These findings make an important contribution to the developments of effective learning methods in improving students critical thinking skills in the context of learning akidah akhlak. This shows that there is a development of critical thinking skills of XII grade students in learning akidah akhlak by using the problem based learning model.

Based on the results of the needs analysis in the learning process, a development of learning media is needed. This research aims to create this product to be more valid, practical and effective in improving students' mathematical understanding. This research and development uses the ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluate) development model. The subjects of this research were 30 students of class X Science 1 at SMA Methodist 7 Medan. The research results show that the Android-based learning media developed has obtained a very high level of validity, with an average percentage of 90.38% according to material experts, 87.77% according to media experts, then 90.90% according to lesson plan validators and results. Validation from experts on pre-test and post-test questions showed a percentage of 92.70% and 91.67%, respectively included in the "very valid" criteria. Positive responses were also found from teachers and students during small group and large group trials, with an average score of 96% from teachers, 94.4% from small groups, and 90.2% from large groups. This shows that this media is very practical to use in the learning process. Apart from that, the results of implementing this interactive learning media also show its effectiveness with the average percentage of responses to the effectiveness of learning media by students obtained at 92.23%. The classical learning completion level reached 96.67%, and the effectiveness questionnaire obtained an average percentage of 86.67%. The increase in students' mathematical understanding can be categorized as moderate improvement. Based on this research data, it can be concluded that the Android-based learning media that we have developed has met the criteria of being valid, practical and effective in improving students' mathematical understanding.

The inability to learn to read is a problem that results in a student being unable to follow the learning process properly and unable to achieve the expected learning goals. The four basic skills that students must have when studying in elementary schools in Indonesia are listening, speaking, reading and writing. The purpose of writing this paper is to determine and analyze the difficulties of learning to read students in learning Indonesian in class V SD 5 Kaarangbener. This article is the result of an analysis of literature related to the topic of discussion. The model used is a literature survey or literature review. The results of this research show that most students still do not understand when the teacher provides Indonesian language material. There are several factors that cause students to have difficulty learning Indonesian. Based on these results, it can be concluded that class V students at SD 5 Karangbener still have difficulty reading when learning Indonesian.

The Problem Based Learning learning model is a learning model that begins with giving problems to students where the problems given are everyday experiences or have been experienced by students. Then students solve the problems given to gain new knowledge. It is expected that students are able to learn knowledge related to these problems, as well as students have skills in solving problems. The purpose of this research is to increase student motivation in PAI subjects at Perlaungan Islamic High School. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The data collection techniques used are in-depth interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis was carried out through data reduction, data presentation and then drawing conclusions. The sources of data in this study are school principals, deputy heads of curricula, PAI teachers, and students. The results of the study show that: 1. Implementation of the Problem Based Learning learning model in PAI subjects at Perlaungan Islamic High School there are five stages, namely, student orientation to problems, organizing students to learn, guiding educators to search for data on a problem, developing and presenting the work , analyze and evaluate. 2. Student learning motivation, there are two learning motivations, namely, intrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation there are three indicators namely, there is a desire and desire to succeed, there are encouragement and needs in learning, there are hopes and ideals, and extrinsic motivation, there are five extrinsic motivations indicators namely, there is appreciation in learning, there are interesting activities in learning, there is a conducive learning environment, teacher-student relationships, student-student relationships.    

This research aims: (1) students' mathematical reasoning ability using the Discovery Learning learning model is higher than students' mathematical reasoning ability using conventional learning models in class VII MTs Yaspi Labuhan Deli, (2) the process of solving answers made by students in solving problems in the Discovery Learning learning model and Conventional learning model. This type of research is quantitative research with Quasi-Experimental methods. This research was conducted at MTs Yaspi Labuhan Deli. The sampling technique in this study uses Purposive Sampling techniques, namely class VII-A as a class taught with a Discovery Learning learning model and class VII-B as a class taught with a conventional learning model. The data collection instrument used was in the form of observation sheets and student mathematical reasoning ability test sheets in the form of 3 essay questions. Data analysis in this study used t-Test with Independent Sample t-Test technique with the help of SPSS 20 program. The results of this study showed that the average score of classes taught using the discovery learning model was 78,01 and classes taught using conventional learning models were 72,22. For hypothesis testing carried out using a t-test, from the calculation results obtained a value of  (2.664) >  (1.66757) with a Sig.2-tailed level of 0.010 < 0.05, which means that  rejected and  was accepted, so that it is concluded that there is a significant difference in the average mathematical reasoning ability of students using the Discovery Learning learning model and the Conventional learning model. Based on the analysis of the process of completing students' answers to the mathematical reasoning ability test that get Discovery Learning learning is better than students who get conventional learning.

In an era of cultural acceleration and rapid advancements in science and technology, this research evaluates the application of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model in Informatics at SMA Negeri 8 Maros, focusing on enhancing student creativity. Employing a quantitative method within the Classroom Action Research framework, this study involves cycles of planning, action, observation, and reflection. Data collected through creativity tests, surveys, and class observations reveal that PBL significantly boosts student creativity. These findings are crucial, considering the critical role of education in preparing future generations for digital era challenges. This study highlights how education, especially in Informatics covering programming, artificial intelligence, and computer networking, can adapt to changing times. By integrating technology and innovative approaches into the learning process, students can enhance creativity and other essential skills needed in the digital age. This research offers valuable insights for educators and policymakers in preparing students for a bright, sustainable future.    

In the era of education that continues to develop, learning models have become the focus of attention for educators. One learning model that has received widespread attention is Project Based Learning (PjBL). The aim of this research is to determine the effect of implementing the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning model to increase student creativity so that they can solve problems in working on a project. Creativity not only allows students to solve a problem, but also has an impact on their mindset. This research was conducted using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. The results obtained from this research are that there is an increase in students' creative thinking abilities before and after implementing the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model during learning.

This study aims to determine whether there is an influence of the problem-based learning model (PBL) with a STEM approach on the mathematical problem solving ability of grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 17 Medan. This research was conducted at SMP N 17 Medan T.A 2023/2024. The research method used is a quasi-experimental method. The sample of this study consisted of two classes, namely class VIII-3 as an experimental class taught with a PBL model with a STEM approach and class VIII-4 as a control class taught with conventional models. Based on descriptive statistics and categorization of research results, it was found that the mathematical problem solving ability of experimental class students was 67,74% of students in the high category, 32.26% of other students in the medium category, and no students in the low category. Meanwhile, in the control class, 15,63% of students were in the high level of problem solving ability, 53,13% were in the medium level and 31,24% of students were in the category low category. Thus it can be seen that the mathematical problem solving ability of grade students taught with PBL with a STEM approach is better than conventional learning models. Furthermore, with inferential statistical analysis for the t test, calculated t value = 2,42 and ttable = 1,999623, thus t calculated > t table means that the problem-solving ability of students taught with PBL with a STEM approach is not the same as students who use the learning  conventional model. With further analysis, Fcalculated = 5,6847 and F table = 3,998494482, then  calculated F > F table so it can be concluded that problem-based learning models with a STEM approach have a significant effect on students' mathematical problem solving abilities.

This research aims: (1) the mathematical communication abilities of students using the think-talk-write (TTW) cooperative learning model are higher than the mathematical communication abilities of students using conventional learning models in class VIII SMP Negeri 19 Medan, (2) the process of completing answers is created by students in solving problems in the think-talk-write (TTW) cooperative learning model and conventional learning models. This type of research is quantitative research with a Quasi Experimental method. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 19 Medan. The sampling technique in this research used the Purposive Sampling technique, namely class VIII-5 as a class taught using the think-talk-write type cooperative learning model and class VIII-6 as a class taught with a conventional learning model. The data collection instruments were an observation sheet and a test sheet for students' mathematical communication skills in the form of 4 essay questions. Data analysis in this study used a t-Test with the Independent sample t-Test technique with the help of the SPSS 22 program. The results of the research showed that the average score for the class taught using the think-talk-write cooperative learning model was 80.1 and the class taught with a conventional learning model of 74.6. Hypothesis testing was carried out using the t-test, from the calculation results it was obtained that tcount was 2.501 and ttable 1.67469, the significance level was 0.016<0.05, then H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted, so it was concluded that students' mathematical communication skills used the cooperative learning model type. think-talk-write is higher than students' mathematical communication skills using conventional learning models. Based on the analysis of the process of students' answers to the mathematical communication skills test, students who received think-talk-write cooperative learning were better than students who received conventional learning.

This learning media aims to develop and improve elementary school students' learning. This media is a development media that uses meta analysis methods. One of the problems in education is the minimum media facilities and infrastructure, so teachers are required to be creative in improving the quality of learning in the classroom, such as developing learning media in the classroom. An interesting learning media that can overcome students' boredom in learning activities is game-based learning activities, such as the application of the snakes and ladders game media. Children at the elementary level have a tendency to play. A fun and relaxed situation will help children to increase their interest in learning. The development of learning media in the form of the snakes and ladders game has the impact of providing discourse about alternative teaching media for elementary level. It is hoped that the use of this learning media can improve the quality of teaching and learning activities at the basic level.

The purpose of this study is to ascertain how efforts are made and enhance students' capacity for problem-solving following the application of the lesson study-based scientific approach and problem-based learning model. 38 students from SMP Negeri 4 Tebing Tinggi's VIII–5 class during the 2022–2023 academic year served as the research subjects. Classroom Action Research (PTK), which is this kind of research, is divided into two cycles. In pre-action, students take an initial test, and at the conclusion of each cycle, they take an exam on their problem-solving skills. The research findings are as follows: (1) If the teacher masters and effectively applies the PBL model and scientific approach based on lesson study, students' mathematical problem solving abilities can be improved, (2) Application of the PBL model can increase student learning completeness by 63.16% from 23.68% at the end of cycle I to 86.84% at the end of cycle II. (3) Students' mathematical problem solving abilities can be improved by 34.37% from 47.47% at the end of cycle I to 82.04% at the end of cycle II.

This research aims to determine the application of the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) model in learning to write personal letters for class VII students at SMPN 1 Gunungwungkal Pati. Based on the results of observations, there is a problem with class VII students at SMPN 1 Gunungwungkal Pati, namely that students still have difficulty using the right words and writing a message on personal letter writing material, because the learning model used by the teacher is not appropriate. This research uses mixed methods. Data collection was carried out using test and non-test techniques. The test technique is in the form of working on personal letter writing test questions, and the non-test technique is in the form of observation and questionnaires. Based on the research results, before implementing the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) model in learning to write personal letters, teachers still used Discovery Based Learning techniques for the learning process of writing personal letters and only used Indonesian language textbooks as learning support materials. The application of the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) model has proven that students are more active during learning. The (CIRC) model also makes students more enthusiastic and makes it easier for students to understand the material for writing personal letters.