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The author conducted a practicum at the Murah Hati Masyarakat Indonesian Orphanage. The practice carried out by the author is to research the problems experienced by orphanage children. The problems experienced by orphanage children are the lack of interest in reading orphanage children so that they experience difficulties in learning and lack of confidence. From these problems, the author is interested and makes a goal to increase the interest in reading and counting orphanage children by creating a mini project, namely a reading corner. The author uses the stages of social groupwork in his research from the preparation stage to the termination stage. After doing all the stages of social groupwork, the results are expected by the author so that the orphanage children can continue their interest in reading and counting so that they do not have difficulties in learning and increase their knowledge and confidence to socialize.

The intelligence of an elementary school teacher in delivering material needs to be supported by the family environment and the role of the student's parents. From here we know that improving and developing the quality of knowledge about Mathematics is important. Purwakarta State Elementary School students in Cilegon City find it easier to remember and understand Mathematics lessons if they enjoy doing it and are accompanied by real experiences in everyday life. The role of higher education through the Tridharma of Higher Education is to carry out education, research and community service. One form of this obligation and concern is that as a Permanent Lecturer or academic at Serang Raya University, I intend to carry out community service to the students of Purwakarta State Elementary School, Cilegon City through Arithmetic training. This community service aims to provide learning services that are tailored to the learning difficulties of students at the Purwakarta State Primary School, Cilegon City. This Community Service Activity (PKM) is carried out in the classrooms of each class. As a result of the tutoring activities carried out by tutors for students, it can be concluded that there has been an increase in student learning outcomes

Salo Timur Village in Salo Sub-district, Kampar Regency, Riau Province is one of the villages where the community has a low income or the majority of the community is still in a poor condition, especially women. Women are often marginalized, they face challenges in their role and participation in village development, and they are also faced with difficulties in increasing family income and welfare. One of the things done to overcome the problems of the community, especially women, is through community empowerment activities by utilizing the potential of abundant natural resources, including the existence of moringa trees that thrive in the vicinity. The empowerment activities carried out are through cultivation and processing of moringa leaves. The learning approach used in this training is the Andragogy approach with lecture, discussion and practicum methods. The implementation of community empowerment activities in Salo Timur Village was carried out on June 2, 2022 through moringa cultivation and processing activities. The results of this activity are increasing the role of women in village development, through increasing their ability to cultivate and process moringa leaves so that they can be utilized as a source of livelihood.

The aim of this research is to find the problems of advanced writing skills of upper elementary school students, and provide solutions. The research method used is a literature review. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there are two factors that cause students' difficulties in writing at a high level, namely internal factors and external factors. Internal factors include students' weak motor skills, weak visual memory, low students' interest and motivation to learn, and finally students' study habits in class and at home. Meanwhile, external factors include lack of attention from parents towards students, an atmosphere at home that is less supportive, environmental conditions and finally the influence of social media. The lack of writing skills in elementary school students may also be caused by the less than optimal use of innovative learning methods. One way to optimize the writing learning process and increase students' writing motivation is to increase students' interest in writing through interesting learning models and learning media.

The aim of community service (PKM) is to increase students' financial literacy through training and mentoring by providing Basic Accounting material. The material presented is the basic equation of accounting and financial reports. The form of presenting the material is conveying concepts and followed by practical work on solving case study questions. There is also additional material in the form of an introduction to Spreadsheets/Excel computers (accounting data). The material presented is a suggestion from the service partners considering that students do not fully understand this material in class learning and this material is important for participants, because according to data on accounting learning results for class XII IIS for the odd semester of the 2023/2024 academic year, it has only reached 87%. Participants are class XI students of SMA Negeri 1 Demon Pagong whose address is Jalan Pati Beda, Demon Pagong District, East Flores Regency. Methods for implementing activities include 1) Training, namely presenting material on basic accounting concepts and financial reports. 2) Mentoring, namely assisting participants in completing case study questions based on the concepts that have been presented. 3) Evaluation, namely using an instrument in the form of practice questions on preparing financial reports, then the results are analyzed using qualitative analysis to determine students' financial literacy related to participants' understanding of accounting learning, both in the basics of accounting and financial reports. The results show that the average score obtained by students in preparing financial reports is around 75-85. This indicates that students' understanding of the material and assistance regarding the basics of accounting to financial reports reached 80%. Participants who experience difficulties in preparing financial reports are due to incorrectly calculating the nominal amount in the account because there are too many numbers and the calculations are done manually, they easily forget accounts and their placement mechanisms, they have difficulty identifying the elements included in the financial reports and they lack interest in studying accounting.

The aim of this research is to find out about cultural arts (dance) learning in the independent learning curriculum in class x 3 of SMAN 1 Pangkalan Kuras for the 2023/2024 academic year. This research uses qualitative descriptive research methods. The subjects in this research were class x3 students and arts and culture teachers at SMAN 1 Base Kuras. The results of this research are that in the independent learning curriculum, teachers are no longer fixated on books, but teachers can be more creative in teaching and students are expected to be able to make new discoveries. Learning in the Independent Curriculum uses teaching modules as a guide for learning in class. In learning, teachers also make what achievements they want in that semester. In class X 3, teachers use Phase E. Based on the results of this research, it was observed that teachers were starting to be able to adapt learning activities using the independent curriculum, even though there were still difficulties in compiling teaching modules, teachers were still able to use teaching module templates that had been provided by the government for students. It was observed that students had also adapted the learning curriculum accordingly. with what is taught.

Students encounter difficulties in learning to understand fable texts. This is evident from their lack of attention during instructional sessions, as most students tend to engage in distractions within the classroom, display difficulty in being managed, and struggle to comprehend the texts when given assignments. The aim of this research is to determine (1) the ability of seventh-grade students of SMP Negeri 6 Percut Sei Tuan in identifying fable texts using the talking stick method; (2) the ability of seventh-grade students of SMP Negeri 6 Percut Sei Tuan in identifying fable texts using the talking stick method aided by crossword puzzle media; (3) the influence of the talking stick method aided by crossword puzzle media on the ability to identify fable texts in seventh-grade students of SMP Negeri 6 Percut Sei Tuan.. This research employs an experimental method with a two-group only post-test control design. The findings of the study reveal that 1) The ability of seventh-grade students of SMP Negeri 6 Percut Sei Tuan in identifying fable texts using the talking stick method falls within the good category, with an average score of 78. 2) The ability of seventh-grade students of SMP Negeri 6 Percut Sei Tuan in identifying fable texts using the talking stick method aided by crossword puzzle media has improved and falls within the excellent category, with an average score of 88.16. Based on the t-test, with a significant level value of α = 0.05 and n = 30, the t-table value obtained is 2.04. Therefore, it can be concluded that the t-value > t-table, which is 3.35 > 2.04. This proves that there is a significant influence of using the talking stick method aided by crossword puzzle media on the ability to identify fable texts in eighth-grade students of SMP Negeri 6 Percut Sei Tuan.  

This research aims to analyze errors in writing quotations in students' papers from the PGSD Study Program at Medan State University, especially in the paper entitled "Analysis of Teacher Difficulties in Implementing the Problem Based Learning Model in Elementary School Social Sciences Learning". This research uses a qualitative method with a design that prioritizes data collection through document analysis. The main data source comes from the text of the researched papers, with a focus on formatting errors, sources, and citation integrity. The data analysis technique uses the Miles and Huberman model which includes presenting data and drawing conclusions. The research results showed that there were inconsistencies in writing the author's name, the wrong writing order based on the year of publication, and the use of inappropriate punctuation in quotations. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding and applying correct citation writing rules to improve the quality of scientific literature.

Digital Pathology Image Analysis (DPIA) is one of the areas where deep learning (DL) techniques offer modern, cutting-edge functionality. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) technology outperforms the competition in classification, segmentation, and detection tasks while being just one of numerous DL techniques. Classification, segmentation, and detection methods can often be used to address DPIA concerns. Some difficulties can also be resolved using pre- and post-processing techniques. However, other CNN models have been investigated for use in addressing DPIA-related issues. Furthermore, the research seeks to explore how susceptible the model is to adversarial attacks and suggest strategies to counteract them. To predict ischemic strokes caused by blood clots, the authors of this study developed CNN with a pixel brightness transformation (PBT) technique for image enhancement and developed several approaches of image augmentation techniques to increase and provide the learning model with more diverse features. Also, adversarial training was integrated into CNN models to train the model with perturbed data in order to assess the impact of adversarial noise at different stages of training. Several metrics, including precision, F1-score, accuracy, and recall, are utilized to assess the experiments' effectiveness. The research findings indicate that employing transfer learning with a deep learning model achieved an accuracy of up to 97% using the ReLU activation function. Also, data augmentation helps improve the accuracy of the model.

Every citizen has the right to education, including children with special needs. One of the activities of education is learning. Learning is a way for a person to develop. By learning someone will have broad insight. But in reality there are some children who have learning difficulties, one of which is dyslexia. Therefore, a method is needed to help the learning process of dyslexic children in reading. The main purpose of this research is to explain some of the development methods that have been done by previous researchers so that they can become recommendations in conducting development methods for children with dyslexia. The results of the review of selected articles state that customizing learning approaches according to the individual needs of the child is very important to ensure the effectiveness of learning. There are three main approaches that can improve dyslexic children's literacy: multisensory approach, auditory approach and visual approach.

Learning difficulties do not only occur in students attending primary to secondary school, but also occur in mathematics education students. This research uses the Systematic Literature Review research method. Mathematics education students are part of the teaching faculty who are hired to become educators, namely the inability to understand the material, this main factor is the main factor in the difficulty of learning mathematics, students in the first semester are vulnerable to semesters 1-3 where the learning method is between schools. and different lectures make students in the first semester of mathematics education experience a shock of understanding, students are required not only to gain understanding in lecture classes but also in seminars, presentations and research, this study concludes. But one of the main factors is external where jockeying has a domino effect Mathematics education students must be aware of this so that they do not become students who are dull in thinking, logic and the future. The author states that no matter how smart the student is, if they still use assignment coaching services, they can be said to be suffering from an illness as is another definition of learning difficulties..

This research aims to describe the results of exploratory learning about objects in the form of energy concepts on Para Island. The main research activities are exploring objects (Sun, ocean currents, sea waves, and wind), as well as scientific concepts and processes using the Thematic Exploration Learning in Democratic Interaction (HOTL-DI) type A model. Research at Tatoereng State Middle School Classes VII-VIII from June to July 2021. Exploration activities were carried out in three stages. The first stage is material exploration (objects, concepts, and scientific processes), carried out by the research team facilitated by the Pamong Teacher. The second stage is learning activities regarding energy concepts by class VII-VIII students. The results of the phase II assessment are used as a reference for going directly to the field to conduct exploration. Phase III exploration activities for target groups facilitated by mentors and researchers. The research results showed that at the beginning of the activity, all students experienced difficulties, but later, they developed the initiative to carry out their exploration. The exploration results show the development of the concept in the exploration step. Most students experienced improvement in identifying concepts and constructing a comprehensive network of energy concepts.

The implementataion of this service activity aims to determine the difficulties of Papua childrens in orphanages in mastering vocabulary and grammar in understanding English texts. Papuan children experience a lack of vocabulary mastery, lack of self confidence, fear of making mistakes, so it is hoped that with this training participants can improve their ability to use English vocabulary and grammar properly and correctly so that there will be an increase in participants’ skills in master English vocabulary. This service was carried out at the Kartini orphanage in Merauke in February 2024. The duration was 2 times a week namely Thursday and Friday for 3 months through the application of theory and practice with 20 native Papuan children. This service is carried out in the in the form of workshops, training, and mentoring, while the methods used are: (1) providing a handbook to be used during the activity which contains the materials that will be studied during the activity; (2) provide basic material; (3) provide training on vocabulary and grammar to measure the participants’ mastery of vocabulary and grammar. The expected results of this service are: (1) growing interest in indigenous Papuan children learning grammar and vocabulary in the language; (2) increasing knowledge of English vocabulary aand grammar of native Papuan children; (3) increasing English readings skills.

The implementataion of this service activity aims to determine the difficulties of Papua childrens in orphanages in mastering vocabulary and grammar in understanding English texts. Papuan children experience a lack of vocabulary mastery, lack of self confidence, fear of making mistakes, so it is hoped that with this training participants can improve their ability to use English vocabulary and grammar properly and correctly so that there will be an increase in participants’ skills in master English vocabulary. This service was carried out at the Kartini orphanage in Merauke in February 2024. The duration was 2 times a week namely Thursday and Friday for 3 months through the application of theory and practice with 20 native Papuan children. This service is carried out in the in the form of workshops, training, and mentoring, while the methods used are: (1) providing a handbook to be used during the activity which contains the materials that will be studied during the activity; (2) provide basic material; (3) provide training on vocabulary and grammar to measure the participants’ mastery of vocabulary and grammar. The expected results of this service are: (1) growing interest in indigenous Papuan children learning grammar and vocabulary in the language; (2) increasing knowledge of English vocabulary aand grammar of native Papuan children; (3) increasing English readings skills.

The position of humans in the eyes of God is considered equal, but often it is humans themselves who create differences in treatment towards fellow humans. This differential treatment is particularly felt by individuals with physical, mental, or intellectual limitations, known as people with disabilities. Disability is defined as a condition in which someone experiences long-term physical, intellectual, mental, and/or sensory limitations, resulting in obstacles and difficulties in social interaction. This article discusses the challenges and opportunities faced by people with disabilities in the workplace, as well as the government's role in creating inclusive employment opportunities and laws that protect their rights in the workplace. Despite the existence of many laws regulating this matter, people with disabilities often still face discrimination in the workplace. The method used in writing this article is through literature review, involving understanding and learning theories relevant to the topic.

This research was motivated by the existence of students who experienced dysgraphia (difficulty writing). This difficulty in writing is one of the inhibiting factors in the learning process in class. So, based on this background, the aim of this research is to find out teachers' strategies for dealing with dysgraphia students in class VI at SDN 26 Bukit Putus Dalam. The approach used in this research is a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data collection techniques use observation and interviews. Data analysis uses the Milles and Huberman data analysis model. Test the validity of the data using data trigultion techniques. This research was conducted at SDN 26 Bukit Putus Dalam which is located in Linggo Sari Baganti District, Pesisir Selatan Regency, West Sumatra Province. The results of the research show that: the forms of writing difficulties experienced by class VI students at SDN 26 Bukit Putus Dalam consist of writing letters backwards, deleting and adding letters, and not reading fluently so they have difficulty writing. Then, that is the teacher's strategy in overcoming the writing difficulties of class VI students at SDN 26 Bukit Putus Dalam, namely by providing motivation to students by using interesting learning media, using appropriate learning methods, and using appropriate learning resources.

Beginning reading difficulties are a common problem faced by elementary school-aged children in the process of learning to read. This article explores various strategies and approaches that can be used to overcome reading difficulties in the early stages of learning. By introducing appropriate interventions, implementing a variety of teaching methods, and providing the right support, elementary school-aged children can develop strong reading skills from an early age.

This research is motivated by the fact that mathematics education students generally experience various problems in attending lectures. The aim of this research is to determine the factors of learning difficulties for mathematics education students. Many studies have been conducted to find out what difficulties mathematics education students experience in learning. This research aims to collect, identify, evaluate, analyze, interpret and conclude various similar studies that discuss the learning difficulties of mathematics education students. The research method uses SLR (Systematic Literature Review). The results of this research are divided into four parts according to the research questions studied from 15 articles relevant to the research topic. The four parts are what the learning difficulties of mathematics education students are, the causes, consequences, and solutions that can be applied to overcome these problems. The factors of student mathematics learning difficulties consist of 12 factors, namely; 1) the influence of student psychology; 2) the factor that students are often sleepy; 3) eye sight; 4) playing on cellphones with friends who like to skip lectures; 5) learning media that causes students to be lazy about studying; 6) lecturers are often angry 7) students often do not complete assignments; 8) lack of control by lecturers; 9) Unwillingness of student ATK; 10) Boring lecturer teaching methods; 11) Learning activities that only take notes so that students are lazy and play a lot; 12) lack of cooperation between students.    

The low interest in reading among elementary school (SD) students poses a significant challenge in the context of primary education. This article identifies various factors that contribute to the low interest in reading among students, including lack of access to engaging reading materials, insufficient support from parents, lack of motivation or intrapersonal interest, uninteresting curriculum and teaching methods, influence of electronic media, socio-economic conditions, lack of reading role models, and difficulties in reading. The analysis yields recommendations that encompass improving access to engaging reading materials, encouraging parental support, fostering student motivation and intrapersonal interest, and developing engaging curriculum and teaching methods. Through a holistic and sustainable approach, it is hoped that these recommendations can help address the challenges of low reading interest among elementary school students and enhance the quality of literacy learning at the primary level.

Mathematics education student learning difficultis ar influenced bye several factors, both internal ands external. This research aims to identify and analyze they learning difficulties experienced by mathematics education study program students. The methods used as Systematic Literature Review (SLR) bye collecting and analyzis scientific articles related to student learning difficulties published in the last 10 years.