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Studies on Eucharistic Adoration have predominantly emphasized its role as a personal devotional practice and individual spirituality, while its implications for Catholic Religious Education as a space for faith formation remain underexplored. This gap indicates the need for a theological-pedagogical reflection that connects Eucharistic Adoration with the process of faith education, particularly in the context of young people. This study aims to examine Eucharistic Adoration as an expression of Sacramentum Caritatis and its relevance as a formative space within Catholic Religious Education. The research employs a qualitative approach through a library research method, analyzing Church documents, theological works, and relevant academic literature on the Eucharist, faith education, and psycho-spiritual well-being. The findings reveal that Eucharistic Adoration is not merely a liturgical or devotional practice but also holds significant pedagogical value. It can be understood as a contemplative space that enables young people to experience a personal relationship with Christ, reflect on their inner experiences, and deepen their awareness of God’s transformative love. Furthermore, this study indicates that Eucharistic Adoration has the potential to support psycho-spiritual well-being by providing moments of silence, self-acceptance, and meaning-making in the light of faith. These findings highlight that integrating Eucharistic Adoration into Catholic Religious Education can enrich faith learning processes and help young people live their faith in a more personal and holistic manner. This study contributes to theological and educational discourse by positioning Eucharistic Adoration as a relevant practice of faith formation within contemporary Catholic education.

A traffic accident is a social risk event that causes serious losses, either in the form of injury, loss of property, or death of a family member. The State provides protection through the Road Traffic Accident Fund as stipulated in Law Number 34 of 1964 and Government Regulation Number 18 of 1965. However, in practice, the regulation of the status of victims and the coverage of the heirs of the beneficiaries still raises juridical and social problems because they do not fully reflect substantive justice. This study aims to analyze the concept of victims and heirs in the applicable Road Traffic Accident Fund regulations, as well as formulate a more equitable reconstruction of the regulation. This research is normative legal research with a legislative, conceptual, and comparative approach. Analysis is carried out on positive legal norms and social realities that develop in society. The results of the study show that the definition of victim and the limitation of the coverage of heirs in the current positive law are narrow and administrative, so they are less responsive to the complexity of social relations and the economic dependence of the families of traffic accident victims. The mismatch between normative boundaries and social realities has implications for the non-achievement of the goals of social protection and substantive justice. Therefore, this study offers a reconstruction of the interpretation of the concept of victims and an expansion of the coverage of heirs that is more responsive, inclusive, and oriented towards social protection.

This study examines the utilization of Aloe vera as a herbal medicine by the community of Sobawagoli Village, Indonesia. The research aims to document local knowledge related to the processing, application, and perceived benefits of Aloe vera in traditional healthcare practices. A qualitative descriptive approach with a case study design was employed. Data were collected through direct field observations, in-depth interviews with community members, and documentation of preparation methods. The findings reveal that Aloe vera is widely used for both internal and external treatments, including digestive disorders, internal heat, hypertension, burns, skin inflammation, and natural skin and hair care. The plant is processed through simple methods such as boiling, blending, and direct topical application, reflecting the accessibility and practicality of herbal medicine in rural settings. Community perceptions toward Aloe vera are highly positive, viewing it as a safe, effective, and culturally embedded alternative to chemical medicines. These practices are supported by empirical experiences and align with recent scientific studies highlighting the therapeutic properties of Aloe vera. The study underscores the importance of preserving indigenous herbal knowledge and integrating it with modern health education to promote sustainable, community-based healthcare systems.

Social change in Indonesia has had a significant impact on various aspects of life, one of which is reflected in the emergence of the Sole Proprietorship Company concept under Law No. 6 of 2023 on Job Creation. This framework allows individuals to establish a Limited Liability Company, particularly to support micro and small enterprises (MSEs). The innovation is not merely an adaptation of global practices but also a response to the need to strengthen economic independence. This study applies an interdisciplinary method with normative and socio-legal approaches to examine the provisions of the Sole Proprietorship Company by integrating social change factors underlying its necessity, despite substantive differences from conventional Limited Liability Companies. The analysis explores legal legitimacy and social readiness, concluding that social transformation drives the demand for this concept. Thus, regulations should be refined to remain simple and effective while encouraging MSEs to use it as a legal safeguard.

The ability to read the Qur’an is a fundamental competence in Islamic education. However, many children still face difficulties in reading the Qur’an accurately and fluently in accordance with tajwid rules. This community service program (Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat/PKM) aimed to improve Qur’anic reading skills of students at Asy-Syakirin Qur’anic Learning Center (TPQ) in Nibung Village, Kapuas Hulu Regency, West Kalimantan. The program employed a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach, actively involving teachers and students in all stages of the activities. The implementation consisted of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. During the planning phase, students’ initial reading abilities were identified and grouped into basic (iqra’) and advanced (tahsin) levels, appropriate learning methods were selected, and supporting learning media were prepared. The action phase involved individual and small-group mentoring, guided Qur’an reading with direct correction of pronunciation (makharij al-huruf) and tajwid, application of memorization and dictation (imla’) techniques, and varied teaching approaches through instructor rotation. Evaluation was conducted through pre-tests and post-tests, direct observation of students’ reading performance, and assessment of participation and attendance. The results indicate a significant improvement in students’ Qur’anic reading skills, particularly in fluency, accuracy of pronunciation, and basic understanding of tajwid. This program is expected to serve as a sustainable model for improving Qur’anic literacy in Qur’anic learning institutions.

Financial literacy is an important skill that needs to be introduced from an early age so that children can understand the value of money and manage it wisely. This activity aims to improve basic financial literacy among children at LKSA Santa Anna Bojonegoro through a participatory educational approach. The implementation method included pre tests, interactive material delivery, discussions, and simple case studies on priority scales and budgeting. Of the 37 participants, 20 children aged 8–18 were sampled. The pre-test results showed an average understanding of basic financial literacy concepts of 73.6%. After the activity, there was an increase in understanding, indicated by the participants' ability to differentiate needs from wants, develop spending plans, and foster savings awareness. The facilitator also found that the main issue among participants was self-control over consumptive behavior, which was addressed through reflective exercises and the implementation of strategies for delaying purchasing decisions. This activity was well-received and proven effective in fostering a rational mindset regarding pocket money management. Overall, this socialization of basic financial literacy can be the first step in developing responsible financial habits from an early age.

Science education in elementary schools requires the active involvement of students through meaningful learning experiences. One of the essential subjects in fourth grade elementary school is the growth and development of animals and plants. However, science education is still often conducted conventionally, so that students' scientific process skills have not developed optimally. This study aims to analyze and describe the application of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model in science learning projects on the growth and development of animals and plants with the support of Seesaw and Flashcard Quizlet digital media through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. The research method used SLR with a descriptive qualitative approach to relevant scientific articles published between 2019 and 2025. The results of the study show that the application of PjBL can increase student learning activity, scientific process skills, and understanding of science concepts. The use of Seesaw was effective as a medium for project documentation and reflection, while Flashcard Quizlet helped reinforce concepts and formative evaluation. Thus, the integration of PjBL, Seesaw, and Quizlet can be an innovative learning alternative that is relevant to the Merdeka Curriculum and the needs of elementary school students.

The increasing variety of digital financial products has contributed to greater access to financial services. However, there is growing need to enhance financial literacy, particularly among Generation Z, which dominates the use of technology compared to other generations. This generation is highly proficient in utilizing technology, including financial technology, which facilitates economic transactions through digital transfers and payments. On the other hand, this convenience also creates financial vulnerabilities for Generation Z, as reflected in poor personal fianncial management that leads to consumptive behavior and engagenment in online lending. Moreover, Generation Z tends to have lower levels of financial literacy compared to other generations. This community service program was conducted for Generation Z, specifically senior high school students at SMA Averos in Sorong City. The activity aimed to improve students’ understanding of financial literacy and provide practical tips for effective financial management. The program was implemented in the form of a financial literacy socialization activity, with the expectation of fostering financial awareness among young people regarding the importance of managing their finances and developing positive financial attitudes. The results of this activity indicate that students were able to understand financial literacy concepts effectively, leading to increased awareness and the ability to manage their finances in a prudent and responsible manner.

The increasing variety of digital financial products has contributed to greater access to financial services. However, there is growing need to enhance financial literacy, particularly among Generation Z, which dominates the use of technology compared to other generations. This generation is highly proficient in utilizing technology, including financial technology, which facilitates economic transactions through digital transfers and payments. On the other hand, this convenience also creates financial vulnerabilities for Generation Z, as reflected in poor personal fianncial management that leads to consumptive behavior and engagenment in online lending. Moreover, Generation Z tends to have lower levels of financial literacy compared to other generations. This community service program was conducted for Generation Z, specifically senior high school students at SMA Averos in Sorong City. The activity aimed to improve students’ understanding of financial literacy and provide practical tips for effective financial management. The program was implemented in the form of a financial literacy socialization activity, with the expectation of fostering financial awareness among young people regarding the importance of managing their finances and developing positive financial attitudes. The results of this activity indicate that students were able to understand financial literacy concepts effectively, leading to increased awareness and the ability to manage their finances in a prudent and responsible manner.

This study analyzes the relationship between Christian faith and artificial intelligence (AI) through a theological-philosophical approach and assesses its relevance to the existence of the Catholic Church in the digital age. The background of this study stems from the rapid development of AI, which brings both opportunities and risks to the life of faith, such as the simplification of theological teachings, the reduction of personal relationships, and the emergence of a technocratic paradigm. The study uses qualitative methods with a literature review of the Holy Scriptures, Church documents, and literature on philosophy and technology ethics. The results of the analysis show that AI is a product of human creativity as the image of God, so it does not conflict with faith, but it remains instrumental and does not have moral or spiritual dimensions like humans. Therefore, AI cannot replace the role of humans in faith relationships. The Church is called to guide technological development through Christian ethical principles, upholding human dignity, being critical of the effects of dehumanization, and utilizing AI wisely for evangelization, catechesis, and faith education. With a reflective and critical approach, the Church can remain relevant amid technological advances without losing its identity and mission for the common good.  

This research is motivated by a significant decline in sales of herbal products/jamu (herbal medicine) from PT Martina Berto Indonesia during the 2021–2024 period, as reflected in the 2024 annual report. This downward trend indicates issues related to customer satisfaction and loyalty, changes in consumer perceptions of the product, and increased competition from other herbal brands. The continued decline in sales in 2024, reaching IDR 95 million, indicates a serious challenge to the product's sustainability in the market. This study aims to examine the influence of perceived value on customer loyalty of Sariayu Herbal Scrub through customer satisfaction in Bandung City. This study employs quantitative methods, incorporating verification approaches. The data used in this study consist of primary and secondary data. The sample consisted of 115 respondents. Data analysis was performed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with the assistance of SmartPLS 4 software, and the sampling method applied was the sample size technique. The results of this study indicate that perceived value has a positive and significant influence on customer satisfaction, customer satisfaction has a positive and significant influence on customer loyalty, and perceived value has a positive and significant influence on customer loyalty. However, perceived value influences customer loyalty indirectly through customer satisfaction. These findings offer practical insights for companies to improve perceived value and customer satisfaction, key strategies to enhance customer loyalty, and maintain business sustainability.

Accera Kalompoang is a royal ceremonial tradition held at Balla Lompoa, Gowa, South Sulawesi, as a form of respect toward the sacred royal heirlooms (kalompoang) of the Kingdom of Gowa. The ritual reflects historical memory, political legitimacy, and spiritual beliefs inherited from the Gowa kingdom era and preserved by the local community. This study aims to analyze the historical background, ritual procession, symbolic meanings, socio-religious functions, and the dynamics of preservation of the Accera Kalompoang tradition. The research uses a qualitative descriptive approach through literature review and analysis of previous ethnographic studies and cultural documentation. The findings show that Accera Kalompoang functions not only as a ceremonial cleansing of royal heirlooms but also as a medium of collective identity, cultural continuity, and social integration between traditional authorities and society. Despite modernization and changing social structures, the tradition continues to be maintained as a symbol of historical legitimacy and cultural pride of the Gowa people. Therefore, Accera Kalompoang represents a living heritage that adapts to contemporary contexts while preserving the values of the Gowa Kingdom’s cultural legacy.  

Beginner students often face difficulties in academic writing, such as organizing ideas, choosing correct grammar, and expressing information in their own words. Because of this, many students use QuillBot as a writing support tool. This study aims to understand how QuillBot helps beginner writers become more independent in academic writing. The research used a mixed-method approach with 30 students from the English Language and Literature Department at the State University of Medan, with data collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire and open-ended reflections. The findings show that more than 70% of the students use QuillBot frequently in their writing tasks. Most students said that QuillBot helps improve grammar accuracy, sentence clarity, and paraphrasing skills, and also increases their confidence in writing. The summarizing feature also helps students identify and restate main ideas. However, 59% of the students noted that using QuillBot too much may reduce creativity and lead to dependency. The study concludes that QuillBot is helpful as a supporting tool for writing, but it should be used in balance. Students still need to practice writing independently so they can develop their own writing style and confidence.

Beginner students often face difficulties in academic writing, such as organizing ideas, choosing correct grammar, and expressing information in their own words. Because of this, many students use QuillBot as a writing support tool. This study aims to understand how QuillBot helps beginner writers become more independent in academic writing. The research used a mixed-method approach with 30 students from the English Language and Literature Department at the State University of Medan, with data collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire and open-ended reflections. The findings show that more than 70% of the students use QuillBot frequently in their writing tasks. Most students said that QuillBot helps improve grammar accuracy, sentence clarity, and paraphrasing skills, and also increases their confidence in writing. The summarizing feature also helps students identify and restate main ideas. However, 59% of the students noted that using QuillBot too much may reduce creativity and lead to dependency. The study concludes that QuillBot is helpful as a supporting tool for writing, but it should be used in balance. Students still need to practice writing independently so they can develop their own writing style and confidence.

This study is aimed at analyzing the degree of equivalence in the translation of Deutsche Welle (DW) news texts from German into Indonesian by applying Mona Baker’s theoretical framework. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, with four DW news texts and their Indonesian translations serving as the data source. The analysis focused on equivalence at the word level and above the word level, considering syntactic, lexical, cohesive, and communicative functional aspects of the text. The findings indicate that the degree of translational equivalence varies, ranging from high to low levels. The “equivalent” category was found to be dominant, accounting for 57.6%, suggesting that most translations were able to maintain the meaning and function of the source text. Meanwhile, the categories “less equivalent” (22.9%) and “non-equivalent” (19.5%) reflect shifts in meaning, loss of information, and inaccuracies in lexical correspondences and grammatical structures. These results highlight the challenges in maintaining full equivalence during translation.

Adolescence is a crucial period in human development, characterized by biological, psychological, and social changes. At this stage, adolescents require proper understanding of reproductive health to prevent risky behaviors and to support the development of healthy and responsible attitudes. This community service activity aimed to improve students’ knowledge of reproductive health through socialization at State Vocational High School (SMKN) 1 Mempura, Siak Regency. The method used was descriptive qualitative with a focus on education through material delivery, interactive discussions, and question-and-answer sessions. The activity was conducted on August 14, 2025, at the SMKN 1 Mempura Hall, involving 39 students out of 50 targeted participants. Data were obtained through observation of students’ participation and documentation of the activity, and were then analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The results showed that students were enthusiastic in attending the socialization and demonstrated improved understanding of reproductive health concepts, reproductive organ functions, personal hygiene, and the risks of unsafe sexual behaviors. The interactive discussion also revealed students’ willingness to ask questions and share perspectives, reflecting stronger attitudes and confidence in maintaining reproductive health. In conclusion, the socialization of reproductive health at SMKN 1 Mempura successfully enhanced students’ knowledge and awareness. Despite limitations in terms of time allocation and long-term evaluation, this activity provided tangible benefits. Future efforts are recommended to develop sustainable programs supported by additional learning media and closer collaboration with the school.

This community service activity aims to describe the implementation of the first-month mentoring activity of the Student Entrepreneur Development Program (P2MW), which focuses on program orientation and team formation at Universitas Muhammadiyah Jambi. The activity was conducted in February 2025 and involved students participating in the P2MW program. A descriptive-participatory approach was applied through program socialization, facilitated team formation, interactive discussions, and group reflection. The results indicate that students gained a better understanding of the objectives and mechanisms of P2MW and were able to form entrepreneurial teams with clearer role distribution. In addition, the mentoring activity contributed to improving communication, teamwork, and students’ confidence in presenting business ideas. The first-month mentoring activity provides a positive initial foundation for the implementation of P2MW and supports the sustainability of student entrepreneurship development in subsequent stages.

Health education at the elementary school level represents a long-term investment in developing a stronger and more capable generation. By fostering a proper understanding from an early age, children are expected to build a resilient defense against various health threats. This community service program aims to broaden the knowledge and awareness of students at SDN 054945 Dogang Village, Gebang District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra, regarding Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (known as PHBS). As a promotive and preventive strategy, PHBS is essential to instill from childhood to cultivate healthy habits and prevent various health disorders. This study utilizes a qualitative approach, applying the Miles and Huberman interactive analysis model. The activity, conducted on July 20, 2024, involved 77 fourth and fifth-grade students and followed three main stages: preparation, implementation, and evaluation. Socialization was carried out interactively through handwashing tutorial videos, physical exercises, PHBS-themed songs and rhythmic clapping, and Q&A sessions. The results indicated an improvement in students' understanding of various PHBS indicators, including handwashing habits, waste management, healthy food consumption, physical activity, growth monitoring, avoiding tobacco smoke, maintaining toilet cleanliness, and eradicating mosquito larvae. The active participation shown by the students reflects a heightened awareness of practicing PHBS within the school environment. In conclusion, this educational initiative has delivered a positive impact on student knowledge and holds the potential to foster a sustainable culture of clean and healthy living, both at school and in their daily lives.

Gender inequality in Indonesian politics forms part of broader structural and cultural dynamics that shape women’s positions in the public sphere. In historical studies, the thought of R.A. Kartini is often interpreted primarily as a symbol of educational and moral emancipation, while the political dimension of her ideas receives limited attention. This study aims to examine Kartini’s political thought as reflected in her letters, positioning her as a political subject who articulated critiques of social structures, customary norms, and patriarchal power relations through non-formal means. This research adopts a qualitative approach with a library-based research design. The data are derived from an analysis of Kartini’s letters compiled in Door Duisternis tot Licht and supported by relevant academic literature. A descriptive-analytical method with a thematic approach is employed to explore political ideas and discourses embedded in the texts. Kartini’s thought in this study is understood as a form of political awareness that extends beyond individual emancipation and relates to broader issues of women’s political participation. This research contributes to the study of women’s politics by offering a historical perspective that places women as political subjects.

Globalization has brought significant impacts across various sectors of life, including language and literature. Rapid flows of information, intercultural interactions, and the dominance of international languages such as English have triggered changes, adaptations, and even identity confusion in the use of local languages and the development of literary works. This paper explores the influence of globalization on the evolution of language and literature, both in the context of preservation and creativity. Language undergoes modifications in structure and vocabulary as a result of cultural interaction and technological advancement, while literature evolves in terms of genres and media, as reflected in the emergence of digital literature and literacy phenomena on social media platforms. On the other hand, globalization also provides opportunities for local literary works to reach international audiences through translation and digital media. Using a descriptive and analytical approach, this paper highlights the challenges and opportunities arising from the intersection of globalization, language, and literature, as well as their significance in formulating strategies to maintain cultural identity through language and literary expression.