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This study aims to analyze the optimality of a quadratic program model using the penalty function. The analysis is carried out in each case that has been made so that in each case optimal results are obtained. There are many methods that can be used to solve the quadratic program problem but in terms of the number of iterations, this research uses the penalty function and then implements it into the Matlab programming language. The results obtained in this study indicate that by using the penalty function as a parameter, the optimal value of a function can be obtained. The results of the analysis will also be more optimal by using the lagrange method depending on the parameter values obtained.

The ease of using Smartphones and the many functions that help with activities, make today's teenagers very familiar with Smartphones, including students at SMP Negeri 1 Tantom Angkola. Students tend to use Smartphones for various reasons, such as just wanting to play games and being too active on social media. The impact of Smartphone dependence, especially on student development, will have a negative impact from an academic point of view. The nature of dependence does not just happen, the influence of one another is certainly interconnected or correlated and forms a causal relationship. This paper aims to see how much influence Smartphone dependency has on the learning behavior of students at SMP Negeri 1 Tantom Angkola and which variables have the most influence on the learning behavior of SMP Negeri 1 Tantom Angkola Students. The method used in this study is the Path Analysis method. Path Analysis is a technique for analyzing causal relationships that occur when exogenous variables affect endogenous variables, not only directly but also indirectly. Path Analysis is used to determine the direct and indirect effects of exogenous variables on an endogenous variable which is reflected in the path coefficient. From the research results, it is obtained that the direct influence of social media variables  on learning behavior  = 44.9%, the large direct influence of online game variables  on learning behavior  = 40.7%, the direct influence of internet data package variables  on learning behavior  = 0.4%, the direct effect of school control variables  on learning behavior  = 85.2%. Then the variable that has the greatest influence on learning behavior is the school control variable with a value of 85.2%.

The purpose of this research to revisits methods that are more effective in nonlinear Optimization with single variable polynomial functions at high degrees. Models with linear objective functions and constraint functions are Polynomials of third, fourth and fifth degree reconstructed into subproblems that are easier to solve, namely quadratic programs, using bilinear Auxiliary Functions and solved by MATLAB simulations. The method used is the development of Tawarmalani & Sahinidis' research regarding relaxation with Auxiliary Functions. Examples of nonlinear Optimization with polynomial functions are also given to illustrate the implementation of this algorithm. The results of the research show that the application of the development reconstruction method produces a global solution that is no better than the solution to the original problem so that it is not an effective alternative method to use.

Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a problem that is often encountered by a salesman who must travel exactly once to all consumers in a route and will return to the starting point of departure. Algorithm Genetic Algorithm is one way to find heuristic solutions based on the evolutionary ideas of natural selection and genetics. The aim is to find the optimal route for the distribution of bottled water products produced by PT. Mual Natio Maju Bersama. To find a solution, the chromosomes processed by the genetic algorithm are represented through the stages in the Genetic Algorithm individual initialization, fitness value, linear fitness ranking, roulette whell selection, crossover, and mutation. In order to achieve the optimum solution, namely The best path obtained is PT Mual Tio Maju Bersama –BUMDES Sait ni Huta - UD. Alvaro - UD. Lancelhot – UD. Alris – UD. Jamel – Toko Kelontong SRC Resi 2 – Toko Notra – UD. B Siringoringo – Toko Dahlia Siahaan – UD. Purba – UD. Cahaya – UD. Hutapea – UD. Gabe – UD. Setia II – UD. Larisma II – UD. Antoni – UD. Bona Siahaan – UD. Sederhana – Toko Manalu – UD. Setia I – Toko Ferdinan – UD. Alboy – Wisma Daun Mas – UD. Top Jaya – UD. Mega Silaban – BUMDES Silaitlait – UD. Rika – UD. Panamot – Piltik Coffee and Homestay Bandar Udara Silangit – UD. Rolas Boy – UD. Salamat Karya – UD. Simpang Jaya – UD. Lambok - Piltik Coffee and Homestay Siborongborong – UD. Bahagia – UD. Marlinca – UD. Heri Joel Pasaribu – UD. Ebenezer – UD. Mawar – UD. A Saudara – UD. SP Perdana – PDAM Mual Na Tio – UD. Rokkap - PT Mual Tio Maju Bersama. The best path length is 125.2700 cartesian units and the best fitness value is 0.008000.

This research was conducted at Dj Arie Public Speaking and Boardcasting School Bandung. The problem contained in the formulation of the problem is how the role of public speaking training in fostering student confidence at Dj Arie Public Speaking and Boardcasting School Bandung. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of public speaking training in fostering student confidence at Dj Arie Public Speaking and Boardcasting School Bandung. This research uses qualitative methods and is a field research. The research data was obtained through direct observation to the field, interviews involving students and tutors who became informants, and documentation studies from books and other materials related to the subject matter. The results of this study indicate that the role of public speaking training is very large in fostering students' confidence which is one of the supports and provisions when speaking in public such as appearing at events and can be a provision for students in carrying out certain public speaking activities.    

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa lebih meningkat ketika menggunakan model pembelajaran matematika realistik dibandingkan dengan menggunakan model konvensional. Studi ini dilaksanakan pada Semester genap 2021/2022 di SMP Negeri 3 Tondano. Siswa kelas VII D sebagai kelas eksperimen dan siswa kelas VII C sebagai kelas kontrol dijadikan sebagai subjek penelitian. Dalam penelitian ini, tes digunakan untuk pengumpulan data, dan uji-t pada rata-rata dua kelompok dilakukan untuk analisis data. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen adalah 74,96, dengan standar deviasi 13,98 dan varians 195,51. Sebaliknya, nilai rata-rata kelas kontrol adalah 67,07, dengan standar deviasi 12,27 dan varians 150,66.  = 2.24  dan = l.67 merupakan kesimpulan dari pengujian hipotesis. Hasil menolak , menunjukkan bahwa siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran matematika realistik rata-rata lebih baik dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika daripada siswa yang menggunakan model tradisional pada materi garis dan sudut.

Jenis penelitian ini tergolong Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK), Penelitian tindakan kelas terdiri dari dua siklus bertujuan meningkatkan prestasi belajar matematika melalui pendekatan kontekstual pada siswa kelas VIII SMPN 1 Sungai Kakap. Subjek penelitian siswa kelas VIII SMPN 1 sebanyak 16 orang terdiri dari 10 orang laki-laki dan tujuh orang perempuan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yakni tes dan Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini digunakan secara deskriptif. Siklus pertama dilakukan setelah siswa diberikan materi dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran konvensional atau metode biasa yang diterapkan oleh guru di sekolah tersebut dan siklus II siswa diberikan metode pembelajaran kontekstual. Metode ini memberikan kesempata bagi siswa untuk berperan aktif dalam pembelajaran. . Dari data yang telah diperoleh, pada pembelajaran konvensional siswa mendapatkan rata – rata nilai 54,08 dibandingkan dengan pembelajaran kontekstual yang mendapat rata – rata nilai 83.19 dan mencapai nilai diatas KKM.  

Jenis penelitian ini tergolong Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK), Penelitian tindakan kelas terdiri dari dua siklus bertujuan meningkatkan prestasi belajar matematika melalui pendekatan kontekstual pada siswa kelas VIII SMPN 1 Sungai Kakap. Subjek penelitian siswa kelas VIII SMPN 1 sebanyak 16 orang terdiri dari 10 orang laki-laki dan tujuh orang perempuan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yakni tes dan Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini digunakan secara deskriptif. Siklus pertama dilakukan setelah siswa diberikan materi dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran konvensional atau metode biasa yang diterapkan oleh guru di sekolah tersebut dan siklus II siswa diberikan metode pembelajaran kontekstual. Metode ini memberikan kesempata bagi siswa untuk berperan aktif dalam pembelajaran. . Dari data yang telah diperoleh, pada pembelajaran konvensional siswa mendapatkan rata – rata nilai 54,08 dibandingkan dengan pembelajaran kontekstual yang mendapat rata – rata nilai 83.19 dan mencapai nilai diatas KKM.

This research is entitled “Students' Perception On the Use of YouTube to Develop Their Vocabulary”. The objective of the research is to identify, classify and describe the ways English Students use YouTube to develop their Vocabulary. It is also to analyze and describe students' perception on using YouTube to develop their vocabulary. This research used descriptive quantitative method. The research collected the data using questionnaires and interviews. The sample was 30 students' from the 2022 batch of English Department Faculty of Humanities. Thirty students' responses were collected by online questionnaire with google-form and answers collected by online interview with Whatsapp. The collected data were quantitatively analyzed by percentage formula. Using theory Freeman and Anderson (2011: 250) and to analyze the university students' perception about the use of YouTube to develop their vocabulary base on the theory of Nelson-Smith (2008:32). The results showed that most of the respondents had positive responses about the use of YouTube to develop their vocabulary. Since YouTube can be used both as providing teaching resources and enhancing learning experience. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that University students have positive perceptions on the use of YouTube in the use of media YouTube is considered useful to students, English Department, Sam Ratulangi University Since YouTube can be used both as providing teaching resources and enhancing learning experience. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that University students have positive perceptions on the use of YouTube in the use of media YouTube is considered useful to students at Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Mandailing Natal .

This study aims to obtain an overview of the application of the discussion method in Islamic Religious Education learning for class XI students at SMA Mandala Trikora Jayapura, and to determine the impact of the application of this method on students' learning enthusiasm. The discussion method is seen as one of the learning strategies that can encourage active involvement of students in the learning process, so it is expected to increase student participation, understanding, and learning motivation in following Islamic Religious Education learning in class. This study uses a qualitative approach with the researcher as the main instrument. The data sources in this study consist of primary data obtained from Islamic Religious Education teachers and class XI students of SMA Mandala Trikora Jayapura, as well as secondary data derived from various relevant references such as books, scientific journals, theses, and other supporting documents. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. The validity of the data is tested through credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability tests. Meanwhile, data analysis techniques are carried out through the stages of data reduction, data presentation (data display), and verification or drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that Islamic Religious Education learning at SMA Mandala Trikora Jayapura has implemented the discussion method as one of the learning strategies. This method is implemented through three stages: preparation, implementation, and evaluation. During the implementation stage, the teacher first provides an explanation to students, then randomly divides them into groups to discuss the material presented. The implementation of the discussion method has had positive impacts, including increased student engagement with peers and the teacher, increased self-confidence in expressing opinions, and improved speaking skills in front of peers. However, some challenges arise, such as some students being less active in thinking and discussing, resulting in passive participation in group activities.

Permasalahan penelitian ini menemukan kegiatan belajar dan mengajar pada bidang studi Akidah Akhlak ditengah-tengah pandemi covid 19 mengalami hambatan dan mempengaruhi aktivitas belajar dan mengajar. Namun, penerapan belajar menggunakan model PAIKEM dikolaborasikan dengan memanfaatkan fasilitas pembelajaran belum diterapkan sepenuhnya oleh guru dalam melaksanakan kegiatan belajar dan mengajar secara daring ditengah-tengah pandemi covid 19Jenis penelitian ini dilakukan dalam bentuk penelitian Tindak Kelas. Maka penelitian ini menggunakan model penelitian tindakan dalam bentuk spiral dan siklus yang satu ke siklus yang berikutnya. Subjek atau informan dalam penelitian tindakan kelas adalah 37 orang siswa/i dengan menggunakan teknik Purposive Sampling. Metode pengumpulan data dengan cara observasi, tes, angket dan dokumentasi. Hasil kesimpulan bahwa prestasi belajar siswa pada materi Sifat terpuji bidang studi Akidah Akhlak oleh siswa kelas VII MTs Swasta Al-Washliyah Stabat mengalami peningkatan dengan menggunakan strategi Pembelajaran Aktif, Inovatif, Kreatif, Efektif dan Menyenangkan (PAIKEM) dari simpulan data yang didapat yaitu pada pra siklus ketuntasan mencapai 52,5 % siswa atau sebanyak 2 siswa yang tuntas dan 11 siswa belum tuntas. Pada siklus I dicapai prosentase ketuntasan sebesar 60,8% atau sebanyak 4 orang siswa yang tuntas dan 9 orang siswa yang belum tuntas. Pada siklus II dicapai prosentase ketuntasan belajar sebesar 77,7 % ada atau sebanyak 10 orang siswa tuntas dan 3 orang siswa yang belum tuntas. Pada siklus III dicapai ketuntasan belajar sebesar 100% meningkat 89,2 dari siklus II. Atau sebanyak 13 orang siswa mendapatkan ketuntasan dalam belajar materi Sifat terpuji .    

Permasalahan penelitian menujukkan kepada guru Al-Qur’an hadist yang sudah menerapkan kurikulum 2013 dengan pendekatan E-Learning, namun guru tersebut cenderung hanya memperoleh hasil kognitif dari siswa dan bukan mengarah kepada soal-soal metakognitif, sehingga hasil nilai kognitif siswa di sekolah tersebut masih berada di bawah KKM yaitu 75. Jenis penelitian yaitu penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dengan dua siklus dan untuk tiap siklusnya terdiri dari empat tahapan diantaranya perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Metode Pengumpulan data dengan cara observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan Tes. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII dengan jumlah siswa 29 siswa. Hasil penelitian bahwa hasil analisis penelitian yang didapat, maka akan disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan metode e-larning 5.0 dapat meningkatkan metakognisi siswa khususnya mata pelajaran A-qur’an hadist. Hal ini terbukti pada pra siklus dengan nilai rata-rata 51 kemudian meningkat pada siklus I dengan nilai rata-rata 66.20 kemudian meningkat lagi pada siklus II dengan nilai rata-rata 80. Sedangkan ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa pada pra siklus 21% sedangkan pada siklus I adalah 59% kemudian meningkat lagi pada siklus II yaitu 90%. Selain meningkatkan metakognisis siswa aktivitas guru juga membantu membimbing dan mengambil kesimpulan dari materi pelajaran. Sedangkan aktivitas siswa, siswa dapat memperhatikan penjelasan guru selama proses pembelajaran berlangsung, siswa aktif dalam mengajukan pertanyaan dan menjawab pertanyaan guru.    

 Based on the researcher's experience while teaching in Class IX.E of SMP Negeri 3 Pasarkemis, some of the students in Class IX.E did not participate properly during Indonesian language lessons. The learning process is less effective due to the lack of student activity in reading Indonesian language lesson material, the lack of student activity in expressing opinions during the lesson. Lack of student activity in answering questions from the teacher. Students are less interested in taking Indonesian language lessons. So many students divert their attention, such as chatting with their classmates, drawing, and are not enthusiastic when listening to the teacher explaining the lesson. This is caused by the teacher's model or way of explaining the lesson being too monotonous so that students do not pay enough attention to the teacher during the lesson, and the learning process will not go well.

Percussion music is one of the musical art materials in Surakarta State SLB. Teaching percussion music to Deaf children is difficult because they cannot hear and speak. This research develops a strategy and method of learning percussion music that is easily understood by Deaf children. The strategies used are: 1) Creating Percussion Notation that can be understood by Deaf children, 2) Creating sign language for the basic techniques of playing percussion, 3) Creating lip movements about the basic techniques of percussion playing, 4) Making a summary of the material with sentences that simple that can be understood by Deaf children, 5) Using Kahoot for learning evaluation.

This research aims to find out whether or not the Influence of Parental Attention and Motivation on Student Learning Achievement. This research has been carried out in SMA Negeri 1 Pematang Siantar. Where the class that becomes the population and research sample is XI PMIA as many as 63 people. The data obtained through the Microsoft Excel application. Based on the discussion of research data analysis, the results of hypothesis testing are obtained by calculating the linear regression equation, namely Y over X1 is  =79,49 + 0,09X1 , Y over X2 is  = 77,59 + 0,10X2 ,Y over X1 and X2 is  = 2,65 + 1,93X1 + 2,77X2. The coefficient of influence obtained is the effect of X1 on Y 1.63, the effect of X2 on Y 0.27, the effect of X1 on X2 0.96, the effect of X1 and X2 on Y 5.50. While the coefficient of Y on X1 is 14.62%, the coefficient of Y on X2 is 40.09%, the coefficient of X1 on X2 is 50.68%, the coefficient of Y on X1 and X2 is 3.02%

This study aims to determine whether there is an influence of learning creativity and learning discipline on Students Achievement in Class XI SMA Negeri 2 Pematangsiantar for the Academic Year 2022/2023. The problem in this study is how the influence of learning creativity and learning discipline on student achievement in class XI SMA Negeri 2 Pematangsiantar 2022/2023. The population and sample in this study were class X as many as 26 people. To obtain data on learning creativity and learning discipline, researchers used a questionnaire as a data collection tool and used a closed questionnaire structured in a structured manner where the question items were followed by answers consisting of four choices. The quality of the research instrument for the questionnaire was assessed through validity and reliability tests. The next step is to test the hypothesis by calculating the linear regression equation, namely Y over X1 is = 83.60 + 0.06 X1 meaning that between the variables X1 is linear with Y and Y over X2 is = 74,37+(0.8) X2 means that between variables X2 is linear with Y and Y over X1 and X2 is = 1.33 + 0.53 X1 + 0.69 X2, meaning that between variables X1 and X2 is linear with Y.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD terhadap aktivitas dan hasil belajar pada materi teknik dasar passing sepak bola bagi siswa kelas V SD. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas, yang terdiri dari tahapan: (a) Observasi awal, (b) Refleksi awal, dan (c) Perencanaan dan pelaksanaan penelitian. Pelaksanaan penelitian ini dirancang dalam dua siklus, berdasarkan tahapan-tahapan yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi/evaluasi, dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa kelas V SD No. 8 Ungasan tahun pelajaran 2021/2022 untuk materi passing pada permainan sepak bola.

Melalui hasil Peneilitian Tindakan Sekolah (PTS) ini menunjukkan bahwa pembinaan melalui pembinaan dan pelatihan memiliki dampak positif dalam meningkatkan kompetensi kewirausahaan bagi  guru produktif dalam rangka pengembangan sekolah menuju lulusan yang mampu berdaya saing di dunia usaha, hal ini dapat dilihat dari semakin mantapnya pemahaman guru dan terhadap pembinaan yang disampaikan kepala sekolah   ketuntasan guru meningkat dari siklus I, II, dan III ) yaitu masing-masing 20% ; 60% ; 100%. Dan nilai rata-rata juga mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan, 68 pada siklus I menjadi 74 pada siklus II dan 86 pada Siklus III. Berdasarkan analisis data, diperoleh aktivitas guru dalam meningkatkan kompetensinya guru dalam proses pembelajaran daring pada setiap siklus mengalami peningkatan. Hal ini berdampak positif terhadap capaian mutu guru, yaitu dapat ditunjukkan dengan meningkatnya nilai rata-rata guru pada setiap siklus yang terus mengalami peningkatan. Dari analisis data di atas bahwa pembinaan kompetensi kewirausahaan bagi guru produktif oleh kepala sekolah melalui pembinaan dan pelatihan penerapan model pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek efektif diterapkan dalam upaya meningkatkan capaian mutu guru, yang berarti proses pembinaan kepala sekolah lebih berhasil dan dapat meningkatkan mutu guru dalam proses pembelajaran,khususnya SMK Negeri 5 Telkom, oleh karena itu diharapkan kepada para kepala sekolah dapat melaksanakan pembinaan melalui work shop secara berkelanjutan.

Tujuan..penelitian..ini..adalah..untuk..mengetahui..proses..pelaksanaan Inovasi kurikulum muatan lokal tahfidzul qur’an dalam meningkatkan hasil pembelajaran qur’an hadits. untuk mengetahui dampak penerapan kurikulum muatan lokal tahfidzul qur’an dalam meningkatkan hasil pembelajaran qur’an hadits. untuk mengetahui dan mengungkapkan faktor pendukung dan penghambat serta solusi Inovasi kurikulum muatan lokal tahfidzul qur’an dalam meningkatkan hasil pembelajaran qur’an hadits. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif artinya peneliti mendeskripsikan kenyataan di lapangan secara benar. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah peneliti sebagai human instrumen dengan menggunakan pedoman wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses Inovasi kurikulum muatan lokal dilakukan dengan beberapa tahapan yaitu tahap persiapan kegiatan pembelajaran, pelaksanaan kegiatan pembelajaran dan menutup kegiatan pembelajaran namun belum maksimal. Faktor pendukung yang melandasi dan menyemangati Inovasi kurikulum muatan lokal adalah landasan Yuridis Formal, sarana dan prasarana dan pendanaan. Implikasi dalam penelitian ini adalah, jika pengInovasian kurikulum muatan lokal tahfidzul qur’an dapat meningkatkan hasil pembelajaran qur’an hadits di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri 1Boyolali, maka diharapkan kepada semua guru dan stakeholder dapat bekerja sama dalam memberikan semangat serta motivasi dan ruang gerak yang luas kepada guru muatan lokal tahfidzul qur’an dalam menerapkan aturan-aturan yang relevan.

This study aims to determine the strategy of Islamic religious education teachers in carrying out student religious moral development: a case study of SMK Saraswati Salatiga. In this study using qualitative methods sourced from the method of observation, interviews, and documentation. The data collection used in this study was carried out through primary data and secondary data, namely in the form of observations and interviews with school principals, Islamic religious education teachers, and students. These findings indicate that the implementation of student religious moral development carried out by Islamic religious education teachers in schools includes extra-school and social activities, congregational prayers, and reading the Koran and Asmaul Husna. Through this strategy, the implementation of the religious moral development of students at the Saraswati Salatig Vocational School is going well and is an action that is an affective rational action, traditional rationale, and oriented to religious values.