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This study examines how lighting perception influences reading focus and satisfaction in book cafés in Bandung, Indonesia. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed, involving a preference survey and an experimental study conducted at a selected book café. Thirteen female participants were assigned to three distinct seating areas characterized by different lighting conditions. Participants completed reading tasks and evaluated their environmental comfort, focus level, and reading satisfaction. The findings indicate that lighting comfort significantly correlates with focus (ρ = .000, p < .01) and reading satisfaction (ρ = .016, p < .05), although focus and satisfaction were not significantly related. ANOVA results revealed a significant difference in perceived lighting comfort across seating points, with the most favorable conditions found at Point A. These results underscore the importance of lighting design in enhancing the reading experience in multifunctional public spaces such as book cafés. Future research should consider additional environmental variables, including noise and thermal comfort.

The determination of contentious heirs at the Banda Aceh Syar'iyah Court is a legal procedure carried out when not all heirs are involved in submitting an application for determination of heirs. However, in practice, this application is still rarely submitted and is poorly understood procedurally. This study aims to analyze the Application Procedure for the Determination of Contentious Heirs applied at the Banda Aceh Syar'iyah Court and the obstacles and obstacles faced in the implementation of the Application Procedure for the Determination of Contentious Heirs at the Banda Aceh Syar'iyah Court. This research uses a type of empirical juridical research, which is research that examines law not only as a written norm but also as real behavior in judicial practice. Data were obtained from field research, interviews, and literature. Data analysis uses qualitative methods. The results of the study show that the contentious procedure includes the stages of summoning the respondent, mediation, reading of the application, answers, replicas, duplicates, proof, conclusions, and decisions by the panel of judges, as well as opening up opportunities for legal remedies such as appeals, cassation, and review. The submission of an application for the determination of heirs in a contentious manner is often constrained because the defendant refuses to participate or his whereabouts are unknown, thus hindering the court process and the fulfillment of inheritance rights.

This community service activity was motivated by the need for an efficient and structured library management system at MI Hidayatul Ulum. Previously, book recording, borrowing, and reporting were done manually, creating administrative challenges and limiting access to information for students and teachers. To address these challenges, the community service team implemented a web-based library information system designed to simplify collection management, facilitate book searches, and expedite the borrowing and return process. The implementation method included partner needs analysis, system design and installation, training for staff and teachers, and evaluation of implementation results. The system was designed to be accessible through the school's local network with a simple and user-friendly interface. Training was provided to ensure the school was able to utilize and manage the system independently. The results showed that the implementation of this information system improved library management efficiency and expanded user access to information. Teachers could more easily monitor book collections, while students found it easier to search for and borrow books. Furthermore, the system accelerated administrative processes and reduced the risk of recording errors. Another positive impact was the growth of a technology-based literacy culture within the madrasah. With the availability of faster book search and borrowing services, students' interest in reading increased. A participatory approach involving schools from the planning stage through evaluation ensures that the resulting solutions meet needs and can be implemented sustainably. This community service activity is expected to serve as a model for implementing simple technology that has a real impact on improving the quality of basic education services.

This study aims to determine the effect of the use of Word Search Puzzle media on English vocabulary mastery in grade IV students at MIS Nurul Hidayah Medan for the 2024/2025 academic year. Vocabulary mastery is an important aspect of learning English, as it is the basis for language skills such as reading, writing, speaking, and listening. In an effort to improve students' vocabulary skills, innovative, interesting, and interactive learning media is needed. One of the media used in this study is Word Search Puzzle, which is a game to find words in a letter box that can stimulate students' interest in learning and make it easier for them to recognize and remember new vocabulary. This study uses an experimental method with a One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The sample in this study is all fourth grade students of MIS Nurul Hidayah Medan, which totals 19 people. The research instrument was in the form of a multiple-choice test of 20 questions that measured students' English vocabulary mastery before and after treatment. The data was analyzed using the Paired Sample T-Test statistical test with the help of SPSS software. The results of the study showed a significant increase in the average score of students, from 55.26 in the pretest to 82.36 in the posttest. The hypothesis test showed a significance value of 0.000 (sig < 0.05), which means that Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of Word Search Puzzle media has a significant influence on improving the English vocabulary mastery of grade IV students. These findings indicate that game-based learning media can be an effective strategy in English learning at the elementary school level.

In today's digital era, technology plays a crucial role in supporting innovative, interactive, and engaging learning processes. Education is no longer limited to the use of conventional textbooks and whiteboards, but has been transformed through the integration of various digital media. In this context, digital literacy has become a key competency that students must possess. Digital literacy encompasses not only the ability to access and understand information from various digital sources but also involves critical thinking and collaborative skills, as well as the wise, ethical, and responsible use of technology. Studies show that the appropriate and targeted use of digital media can increase students' interest in reading materials and other learning activities. Interactive and visually appealing digital media can stimulate students' curiosity, enrich the learning experience, and increase their motivation. Furthermore, the use of digital technology also provides opportunities to develop creativity, communication skills, and problem-solving skills. Technology-based learning enables more effective learning differentiation, allowing students to learn at their own pace and learning style. This is highly relevant in the context of 21st-century education, which demands information literacy, technology literacy, and media literacy. As learning facilitators, teachers are required not only to be proficient in using technology but also to design learning that integrates curriculum content with available digital potential. Therefore, optimal use of digital technology can be a strategic solution in creating a generation that is digitally literate, creative, innovative, and able to adapt to increasingly dynamic and complex developments. To achieve this goal, collaboration between schools, the government, and parents is essential in providing adequate access to and training in sustainable educational technology.

The author constructs the story world through elements such as plot, character, and setting. These elements are interconnected and form a cohesive whole within the narrative. This study aims to examine and analyze the story elements in the novel Angin Bersyair by Andrei Aksana. The theoretical framework used in this research is Robert Stanton's structuralism theory. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out through literature study, using techniques such as reading the novel, highlighting and identifying data, classifying, selecting, compiling the data corpus, and organizing the data. The results of the analysis show that the novel Angin Bersyair by Andrei Aksana is constructed using a mixed plot structure, the setting is categorized into place, time, and atmosphere. The characterization includes both main and supporting characters. The mixed plot in the novel combines both progressive and regressive plot patterns, allowing the author to weave past and present events fluidly to enrich the narrative tension and emotional depth. The temporal shifts also reflect the psychological complexity of the main characters, especially in relation to themes of love, identity, and longing. The setting of place varies from urban environments that reflect modern social dynamics to more introspective or symbolic places that reveal the characters’ inner worlds. The time setting spans multiple periods, indicating a narrative that draws heavily on memory and personal transformation. The atmosphere often shifts between melancholic, romantic, and contemplative tones, aligning with the protagonist’s emotional journey. Character analysis reveals a strong central figure whose emotional struggles and internal conflicts are supported and contrasted by secondary characters, enriching the story’s multidimensionality. The protagonist is depicted with psychological depth, while the supporting characters serve as foils or catalysts for change. Overall, this research highlights how Angin Bersyair employs literary elements to construct a rich and emotionally engaging narrative grounded in structuralist principles.

This paper examines how The Picture Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde marks a critical turn in which he critiques late-Victorian upper-class privilege and moral immunity. While previous scholarship has predominantly analyzed the novel as a moral allegory or aesthetic treatise, this study employs cultural materialism as a theoretical framework to demonstrate how Wilde uses Dorian’s isolation of his portrait and subsequent hedonistic experimentation as symbolic representations of the aristocracy’s ability to shield him from moral and social consequences. Wilde’s text reveals how the English aristocracy could embody ideals of beauty and reap princely treatment while committing debauchery without reproach. Through Culler’s close reading method toward this novel, especially chapters eight and nine, this analysis reveals how Dorian’s act of hiding the portrait symbolizes social denial, while his obsessive aesthetic consumption reflects the practices of the leisure class. This shows that Wilde hints Dorian’s social circle accepts his sensual life simply because his appearance remains unmarred–a commentary on class privilege. By examining the specific textual elements and historical context of—especially—chapters eight and nine of this novel, this study contributes to the understanding of how Wilde’s novel serves as both a product of and commentary on the class structures and moral hypocrisy of late-Victorian England.

English reading skill is a fundamental skill that is crucial in education, particularly in today's globalized world. However, many Vocational High School (SMK) students still face challenges in comprehending English texts, stemming from limited vocabulary, limited reading strategies, and a lack of contextual learning. This community service activity was conducted at SMK Swasta Islam (SMKSI) Darul Istiqomah Jember to provide students with basic English reading skill training. The training focused on mastering reading strategies such as skimming, scanning, determining topics, identifying main and supporting ideas, and answering questions using WH-Questions. The implementation method included initial observation, material preparation, interactive lectures, practice exercises, and evaluation. The results showed that the training successfully improved students' ability to comprehend English texts more effectively and efficiently. Furthermore, it increased students' motivation and confidence in reading English texts, and provided an initial understanding of functional texts relevant to the world of work. This activity is expected to be a real contribution in improving the quality of vocational high school students' English literacy and supporting their readiness to face the demands of the global workforce.

This research was conducted to determine the feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness of big book media in reading learning for first-grade beginners of the Karimah Quran Memorization Elementary School, Berastagi. This research was R&D using the ADDIE development model. The subjects were 20 first-grade students. Data collection techniques included interviews, questionnaires, and tests. The instruments used in this study included interviews, expert instruments (tests, media, and materials), practical instruments (teacher response questionnaires), and student learning outcome tests. Data analysis techniques used in this study included qualitative and quantitative data. The results showed that the product's feasibility achieved a percentage of 85% and was categorized as feasible. The product's practicality score was 92%, categorized as very practical. The product's effectiveness score was 0.75, categorized as effective. It can be concluded that the use of Big Book as a reading medium for first-grade beginners at Tahfiz Quran Karimah Elementary School in Berastagi is feasible, practical, and effective.

This study aims to develop an accurate predictive model for identifying students at risk of academic dropout using Decision Tree and Random Forest algorithms. The research utilizes a publicly available dataset sourced from Kaggle, which includes academic and demographic features such as GPA, attendance, credit load, financial aid status, and exam scores. The methodology involves several stages: data collection, preprocessing (handling missing values, encoding categorical variables, and feature scaling), model training, and evaluation using performance metrics such as Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1-Score, and Confusion Matrix. Results show that the Random Forest algorithm outperforms Decision Tree in terms of accuracy and robustness, with notable feature importance on math, reading, and writing scores. The findings highlight the potential of machine learning in early detection of dropout risks and provide actionable insights for academic institutions to design timely interventions. This research contributes to the growing field of educational data mining and supports data-driven decision-making processes in higher education management.

Reading interest is an intrinsic motivation that encourages students to actively engage in reading activities with a sense of enjoyment and autonomy. This study was motivated by the low reading interest among fourth-grade elementary students, often caused by reading materials dominated by plain text without visual support. Visual literacy offers an innovative approach by utilizing media such as picture books, educational comics, infographics, and videos to attract attention and enhance students’ comprehension. This research aims to analyze the implementation strategy of visual literacy to improve reading interest among fourth-grade students. The method used is Classroom Action Research (CAR) based on the Kemmis and McTaggart model conducted in two cycles. The findings indicate that visual media fosters interactive and meaningful learning experiences, leading to a significant increase in students’ reading interest. These results are expected to contribute to strengthening a culture of literacy in elementary schools

This study aims to determine how active students are in learning online biology subjects during the Covid-19 outbreak. This research uses a descriptive method and the type of research is survey. The population is students of class XI IPA of SMA Negeri 3 Panyabungan and the sample students of class XI IPA 2 and XI IPA 3. Meanwhile, the research subjects used biology teachers and students of SMA Negeri 3 Panyabungan. The instruments used in data collection are questionnaires and interviews. The results of the study showed that student activity during the online learning process at SMA Negeri 3 Panyabungan was less active. This was adjusted to the situation that occurred during the Covid-19 pandemic where learning was carried out by distance learning. During online learning, student learning activity could not be fully reached according to the indicators of student learning activity, namely: 1) Visual Activities, paying attention, reading during the learning process, 2) Oral Activities, interacting in the learning process, 3) Listening Activities, listening and actively discussing, 4) Writing Activities, collecting assignments and making summaries, 5) Drawing Activities, making summaries, 6) Motor Activities, conducting experiments, 7) Mental Activities, responding, 8) Emotional Activities, interest, joy during the learning process.

This classroom action research aims to improve the reading literacy of grade 1 students of SD Negeri 2 Ngasem through the use of flashcards. The background of the study is based on the low interest in reading and literacy outcomes of students, which is caused by less varied learning methods and the lack of attractive learning media. This study used a multi-cycle approach with the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data were collected through observation of student activities, reading literacy tests before and after the intervention, and documentation of the learning process. The results showed an increase in the average reading literacy score from 74.77 in the pre-cycle to 75.55 in cycle 1, with the percentage of learning completeness increasing from 77.77% to 83.33%. The use of flashcards proved effective in improving students' motivation, participation, and reading literacy outcomes. This study recommends the use of interactive and innovative learning media such as flashcards, to improve reading literacy in elementary schools.  

The aim of this research is to develop concrete media for literacy learning in reading and writing. The research method used is research and development methodology that adapts the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The subjects of this study are first-grade elementary school students. The research instruments used in this study include a product assessment scale by material and media experts, as well as assessment questionnaires by teachers and student responses. The results of this research are concrete media for reading and writing literacy learning. The feasibility test results according to material experts received a score of 83% with good criteria, and a score of 91% with very feasible criteria from media experts. Additionally, the developed concrete media received good ratings and positive responses from first-grade students.

Literature is born from the human desire to express their existence, which is closely related to the relationship between individuals and with the reality of life. A literary work contains specific intentions and purposes set by the author. Therefore, all aspects of a literary work originate from the author, who plays a crucial role in generating creative ideas that are expressed through their writings.In line with technological advancements, literature has also undergone transformation. One of the indicators of this progress is the emergence of intersemiotic transfer or adaptation, namely the process of changing the medium through which a literary work is presented, such as from text to audiovisual or film. In this context, the researcher examines the adaptation process from novel to film as the object of study.The object of this research is the novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, which was later adapted into a film by director Baz Luhrmann, released in 2013 under the same title. The novel portrays the life of the American upper class during the 1920s, an era often referred to as the Roaring Twenties.This study uses a descriptive qualitative method. Qualitative research aims to describe and analyze social phenomena and activities found in the research object. The data were collected through reading, observing, and note-taking techniques, involving both the novel and the film script. In total, the researcher collected 12 data points from the analysis of the novel and its film adaptation.

The Indonesian language curriculum in elementary schools is fundamental in fostering students’ literacy skills, particularly in reading and writing narrative texts such as fables. Despite its importance, students often encounter difficulties in understanding the structural elements of fables—namely, orientation, complication, resolution, and coda. These challenges are frequently exacerbated by variations in students’ readiness, interests, and learning profiles, which are not sufficiently addressed by conventional, one-size-fits-all teaching methods. This study adopts a qualitative library research approach to examine theoretical foundations and prior empirical studies related to differentiated instruction in the context of fable text learning. The findings suggest that differentiated instruction, by modifying content, process, product, and learning environment, effectively enhances students’ comprehension and performance in fable text structure. Furthermore, this approach aligns with the principles of the Merdeka Curriculum, which emphasizes learner-centered and inclusive education. Thus, differentiated instruction presents a promising pedagogical strategy for elementary school teachers in improving Indonesian language learning outcomes.

This article discusses the use of local dialects in short stories and poetry from Central Kalimantan, as well as their impact on the cultural identity of the community. Local dialects, such as Dayak and Banjar languages, serve as crucial elements in folk literature that reflect the life, values, and traditions of the people. Through the analysis of literary works incorporating these dialects, the article demonstrates how dialects not only enrich the reading experience but also function as tools for cultural preservation. The use of local dialects in literature helps strengthen cultural identity and a sense of unity within the community. Despite challenges in the application and publication of literature in regional languages, it is essential to continue supporting the use of local dialects to ensure the cultural richness of Central Kalimantan remains preserved and relevant.

Illegal logging is one of the leading causes of environmental degradation, triggering natural disasters such as floods, landslides, and droughts. Children of Generation Alpha, who are still in the cognitive development stage, are considered vulnerable due to their limited understanding and preparedness for such disasters. This community service program aimed to enhance elementary school students’ awareness and knowledge of disaster mitigation through educational media in the form of printed comics. The activity was conducted by the KKN Team of Universitas Ivet Semarang at SDN Plalangan 02, involving 24 students from grades 3 and 4. The procedure consisted of preliminary observation to assess school needs, comic development on the theme of illegal logging-related disaster mitigation, delivery of the material through comic reading sessions, interactive discussions, and evaluation through pretest and posttest. The pretest results showed that most students were in the "moderate" knowledge category (45.8%). After the intervention, 75% of students reached the "good" category. The Wilcoxon test yielded a significance value of p = 0.001 (p < 0.05), indicating a statistically significant difference in students’ knowledge before and after the intervention. Printed comics proved effective in conveying complex disaster mitigation content in a visually engaging and narrative-driven format. The approach aligns with the characteristics of Generation Alpha, who are highly responsive to visual media. It is recommended that printed comics be further developed and integrated into disaster education programs in elementary schools, especially those located in disaster prone areas.

This study aims to determine the effect of the Reciprocal Teaching learning model on the reading comprehension ability of news texts among seventh-grade students at SMP Negeri 2 Hiliduho. The research employed a quasi-experimental method with a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The pretest results showed that the initial abilities of students in the experimental and control classes were comparable, with average scores of 64.57 and 65.87, respectively. After the treatment, the experimental class showed a significant increase, achieving a posttest average of 81.52, while the control class only reached 74.35. The Reciprocal Teaching model proved effective in creating a collaborative learning environment, encouraging students to think critically, engage in discussions, and teach one another. In contrast, the control class, which used the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model, demonstrated lower participation and higher dependence on the teacher. The hypothesis test showed a significance value of 0.001 < 0.05, indicating that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted and the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected. These results indicate a significant effect of the Reciprocal Teaching model on students’ ability to comprehend news texts. Therefore, this model is recommended as an effective teaching strategy to enhance students’ reading comprehension, particularly in news text material at the junior high school level.

This study aims to improve the ability of eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 2 Sogaeadu in identifying short story elements through the application of the SQ4R method. The background of this study is the low interest of students in reading literary works and their lack of understanding of effective reading strategies. The study used a Classroom Action Research (CAR) design which was carried out in two cycles, each including the planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The results showed a significant increase in student learning outcomes, from an average of 59.2% in cycle I to 82.4% in cycle II. The percentage of student involvement also increased from 42%-52% (cycle I) to 71%-90% (cycle II), while observations of researcher performance increased from 56%-75% (cycle I) to 87.5%-100% (cycle II). These findings prove that the SQ4R reading method is effective in improving students' ability to identify short story elements through systematic and easy-to-apply steps.