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The digitalization of the creative economy has opened up significant opportunities for the community to create innovative products that have high sales value and are environmentally friendly. One interesting innovation is the use of used cooking oil as a raw material for making aromatherapy candles. Used cooking oil, which is usually discarded and pollutes the environment, can be reprocessed into products with economic value, thus supporting the principles of a circular economy. This study aims to examine the potential of processing used cooking oil into aromatherapy candles, analyze digital-based marketing strategies to increase product competitiveness in the market, and examine the meaning of transforming waste into innovative products from the perspective of Immanuel Kant's philosophy of reality. The research methods used were literature studies and field observations of used cooking oil processing practices by the community. The results show that used cooking oil-based aromatherapy candles have good business prospects, especially when combined with digital promotion through social media and marketplaces. Digitalization helps expand marketing reach, create brand identity, and attract consumers who care about environmental sustainability. From the perspective of Immanuel Kant's philosophy of reality, the transformation of used cooking oil into aromatherapy candles can be understood as a phenomenon, namely a reality that is visible in the practice of the digital creative economy. Meanwhile, the values ​​of sustainability, ethical awareness, and social meaning contained therein reflect noumena, namely the deepest reality that is not directly visible but provides direction and meaning for human actions.

This community service program aims to improve public literacy and awareness of the Islamic capital market through socialization and educational activities in Telaga Jernih Village, Secanggang District. Islamic financial literacy in rural areas remains relatively low due to limited access to information and education, leading people to prefer traditional investments such as livestock and plantations. The activity was carried out by the Community Service Program (KKN) team in collaboration with the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) as the main speaker and the village government as a supporting partner. The methods used included observation, counseling, interactive discussions, and simple simulations of Islamic investment practices. The results revealed high enthusiasm among participants, reflected in their active engagement and significant improvement in understanding the concepts, principles, and products of Islamic investment. The community began to realize that Islamic capital market investments are not only halal and safe but also offer long-term economic benefits. This activity positively influenced the community’s mindset to view Islamic financial investment as a complementary form of traditional investment. The program also opened opportunities for forming a village-based Islamic investor community and establishing a financial literacy center as a follow-up initiative. Therefore, this program plays a vital role in strengthening Islamic financial inclusion in rural areas and serves as an initial step toward creating a financially literate, independent, and economically productive society.

This research aims to analyze the criminal liability of perpetrators of fraud through bounced checks and the legal protection provided to victims. The study focuses on Decision Number 1698/Pid.B/2022/PN Sby, in which the defendant was found guilty of fraud under Article 378 of the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP). Using a normative juridical approach through literature study with statutory and conceptual approaches, the findings demonstrate that the panel of judges correctly applied the elements of fraud, including malicious intent (mens rea), the use of deception or a series of lies, and actual loss suffered by the victim. The judge's legal considerations have reflected the principles of legality, justice, and legal certainty in criminal law. Legal protection for victims can be pursued through both criminal and civil legal remedies, where victims may report to police for criminal prosecution under Article 378 KUHP and claim compensation through civil breach of contract lawsuits. Law enforcement against perpetrators is carried out through repressive and preventive criminal sanctions. This decision confirms that bounced check fraud is not merely a civil breach of contract but can be classified as a criminal offense when accompanied by malicious intent to deceive others.

Early childhood development (0–6 years) is a critical period that shapes a child’s physical, cognitive, socio-emotional, language, and moral growth. The family, as the first educational environment, plays a vital role in shaping the child’s character and adaptive skills, particularly through parent–child interactions. In Muslim communities, child-rearing focuses on not only psychological aspects but also reinforcing religious values through Islamic Parenting, which is based on the principles of rahmah (compassion), uswah (exemplary behavior), guidance, and ‘adl (justice), as outlined in the Qur’an and Hadith. This study uses a qualitative literature review to analyze the role of Islamic Parenting in early childhood development, highlighting the significance of these values. The review shows that Islamic Parenting plays a crucial role in optimizing children’s holistic development, including cognitive, social, emotional, moral, and spiritual aspects. Key components of this model include parental exemplification, compassion, religious education, positive behavior habituation, and cognitive stimulation through educational interactions. This model can be implemented through daily practices such as prayers, storytelling, and character reinforcement. In conclusion, Islamic Parenting fosters not just biological caregiving but also character, morality, and spirituality, preparing children for contemporary challenges.

The development of the modern world, characterized by advances in digital technology, globalization, and complex social dynamics, has created new challenges in child-rearing practices, particularly for Muslim families. Children require not only the fulfillment of physical needs and formal education, but also balanced emotional, social, and spiritual support. This study aims to examine the concept of child-rearing based on love and compassion from the perspective of Islamic psychology, identify the core principles of Islamic parenting, and explain its implications for children’s psychological development. This research employed a qualitative approach using a literature review method with a systematic literature review design. Data sources were obtained from academic books as well as nationally accredited journals and reputable international journals published between 2020 and 2024. The data were analyzed using content analysis and thematic analysis to identify patterns, key concepts, and relationships among variables. The findings indicate that parenting grounded in love and compassion (rahmah), combined with role modeling, justice, and wisdom in discipline, contributes positively to children’s emotional, social, moral, and spiritual development. Warm and responsive Islamic parenting supports the development of effective emotional regulation, prosocial behavior, and the internalization of faith-based and moral values in children. The results also demonstrate a strong alignment between Islamic parenting concepts and the compassionate parenting approach in modern psychology, with Islamic psychology offering a distinctive strength in its spiritual dimension. This study contributes to the reinforcement of the theoretical framework of Islamic psychology and provides practical recommendations for parents and educators in implementing balanced parenting that integrates compassion, discipline, and Islamic values in the modern era.

The Scientific Writing course plays an important role in equipping students with academic skills, particularly in developing systematic and scientifically sound research methodology. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the Scientific Writing course and the research methodology writing skills of Group E Semester 3 students. The research method used is a quantitative method with a correlational approach. Data were collected through documentation and questionnaire techniques to measure mastery of the course material and students' ability to write research methodology. Data analysis was carried out using a correlation test to determine the level of relationship between variables. The results of the study indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between the Scientific Writing course and students' research methodology writing skills. Students who have a good understanding of scientific writing materials tend to be able to develop research methodologies more systematically, logically, and in accordance with scientific principles. This finding confirms that the Scientific Writing course contributes significantly to improving students' academic competence, particularly in writing research methodology. This study is expected to be used as material for evaluating and developing scientific writing learning in higher education. The researcher distributed a questionnaire via Google Form consisting of 11 questions to group D students to obtain research results. The results of the study in the form of a questionnaire showed that 18 students (90%) felt a high level of satisfaction with the teaching of the Scientific Paper Writing course because it helped them understand the structure of research and how to write research methodology correctly and 2 students (10%) felt that it was just so-so.

This study examines and critically analyzes speaking tasks in Netzwerk Neu A1.1 (Chapters 1–6) by evaluating their alignment with principles of German as a Foreign Language (DaF), Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT), and the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). Using qualitative content analysis, 26 speaking tasks were identified, coded, and categorized based on task type, CEFR communicative activity (spoken interaction or spoken production), interaction mode, and levels of learner output. The findings show that template-based tasks dominate the textbook, accounting for 69.2% of activities, while guided and free production tasks are relatively limited. Spoken interaction is the most prevalent communicative activity (76.9%), reflecting an emphasis on dialogic formats such as short exchanges and role plays. Although this design provides appropriate structural support for beginner learners, the limited use of open-ended and autonomous tasks may restrict the development of fluency, communicative flexibility, and strategic competence. Interviews with seven learners and two instructors reveal that while tasks are generally perceived as accessible and confidence-building, they are also considered repetitive and insufficiently authentic. The study underscores the need to balance structured support with opportunities for spontaneous language use in beginner DaF textbooks.

This study examines the implementation of the Manak Salah tradition in Padang Bulia Customary Village from the perspectives of legal certainty and human rights protection. Manak Salah is a customary practice associated with the birth of opposite-sex twins, which in Balinese Hindu cosmology is considered a sacred event that may disrupt the balance between the sekala and niskala realms, thereby requiring purification rituals. Although the contemporary practice of this tradition has become more humane and no longer involves social exclusion, its regulation remains unwritten and has not been formally codified in the village’s Awig-awig (customary law). This condition creates the risk of multiple interpretations, legal uncertainty, and insufficient protection of the rights of children and affected families. This research employs an empirical juridical method with a qualitative approach, using interviews with customary leaders, field observations, and document analysis of statutory regulations and customary legal sources. The findings reveal that the absence of written norms causes the implementation of Manak Salah to rely heavily on the discretion of customary authorities, leading to potential inconsistency and normative vulnerability. This study emphasizes the urgency of codifying the Manak Salah tradition into the Awig-awig as a form of customary law reform aimed at ensuring legal certainty, strengthening institutional accountability within customary villages, and harmonizing customary law with Bali Provincial Regulation No. 4 of 2019 and fundamental human rights principles.

Early Childhood Education (ECE) is an important stage in shaping a child's personality and character. At this point, the story serves as the primary tool for conveying principles, ethics, and the meaning of life. However, the process of interpreting stories often overlooks cognitive aspects and lacks focus on children's character development. The purpose of this article is to study how hermeneutic principles are used in early childhood education, with a particular emphasis on how stories function as a tool for shaping children's character. The hermeneutic method allows educators to interpret stories contextually, dialogically, and reflectively. This allows children to understand and internalize the principles contained in the story. This research utilizes a qualitative-descriptive literature study on hermeneutic literature, character education, and early childhood pedagogy. The results indicate that hermeneutics, employing principles such as the hermeneutic circle, dialog of meaning, and contextualization of stories, significantly enhances honesty, empathy, responsibility, and religious attitudes in early childhood. Thus, hermeneutics is not only relevant in adult text research, but also effective as a pedagogical method in teaching early childhood.

This study examines Fazlur Rahman’s double movement paradigm as a methodological framework for renewing contemporary Islamic thought. The background of this research lies in the ongoing crisis of Islamic epistemology, marked by the dominance of textual-literal interpretations that are detached from historical context, as well as modernist approaches that often lack strong Islamic methodological foundations. This condition has weakened the ability of Islamic thought to respond to modern social, ethical, and intellectual challenges. This research employs a qualitative approach using library research. The primary data consist of Fazlur Rahman’s major works, including Islam, Major Themes of the Qur’an, and Islam and Modernity, while secondary data are drawn from academic journals, books, theses, and previous studies discussing his thought. Data were analyzed through content analysis and interpretative analysis to identify key concepts, methodological patterns, and their implications for contemporary Islamic thought. The findings show that Fazlur Rahman conceptualizes the Qur’an as a source of universal moral values rather than a static legal code. His double movement method emphasizes understanding the Qur’anic text within its historical context and reapplying its moral principles to contemporary realities. This approach positions Rahman within the framework of Islamic neo-modernism, bridging classical Islamic tradition and modern intellectual demands. The study concludes that the double movement paradigm offers a relevant epistemological foundation for renewing Islamic thought, particularly in Qur’anic interpretation, Islamic law, and Islamic education, by promoting contextual, ethical, and critical reasoning.

This study examines the fundamental concepts of learning by emphasizing that learning is an active process that not only involves receiving information but also includes changes in students’ knowledge, attitudes, and skills. This research was conducted using a literature review method by exploring various relevant scholarly sources to understand the theories, principles, components, and factors that influence the success of learning. The findings indicate that learning theories such as behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, and humanistic theory provide an essential foundation for teachers in designing meaningful learning experiences. In addition, there has been a paradigm shift from teacher-centered learning to student-centered learning, which requires teachers to act as facilitators and designers of a conducive learning environment. The study further reveals that effective learning is determined by the alignment of objectives, materials, methods, media, learning activities, and evaluation. Internal factors such as students’ motivation and readiness to learn, as well as external factors such as teacher competence and the availability of learning facilities, also significantly influence learning outcomes. Overall, this study emphasizes that effective learning requires comprehensive planning, adaptive approaches, and classroom management that supports active student engagement.

This research analyzes the application of J. Oswald Sanders' servant leadership concept to tongkonan (traditional house) leadership in Toraja society. The background of this study is the presence of authoritarian leadership tendencies among to parenge (tongkonan leaders) who prioritize personal power over community service and empowerment. This research employs a qualitative approach through literature review, analyzing academic articles, research journals, and theological sources to understand the relevance and applicability of Sanders' principles within the Toraja cultural context. The findings reveal that Sanders' servant leadership, which is grounded in spiritual discipline and community empowerment, represents a viable alternative for reconstructing tongkonan leadership from an authoritarian model to a collegial model. However, implementing this model faces structural challenges due to the transformation of tongkonan's functions and the intrusion of formal government systems. In conclusion, Sanders' principles can be applied to tongkonan leadership through institutional reconstruction that combines traditional Toraja values with transparent and accountable leadership practices, thereby creating leadership that is simultaneously serving and empowering the community.

This study aims to develop a Christian Religious Education learning model based on Tongkonan values to strengthen the spiritual identity of Toraja youth amid identity crisis caused by globalization. Using qualitative method with literature study, this research analyzes the integration of Tongkonan philosophical values such as karapasan, kasiuluran, and kasianggaran with theological principles of Christian Religious Education through contextual learning approach and narrative theology. The results show that Tongkonan values have strong resonance with Christian teachings and can be integrated into a learning model comprising five components: theological-cultural foundation, contextual curriculum design, experience-based learning strategies, the role of three educational centers, and authentic evaluation. Implementation of this model has significant implications for strengthening spiritual identity through formation of solid self-identity, authentic moral value internalization, and development of spiritual resilience. This Tongkonan values-based Christian Religious Education learning model bridges the dichotomy between modernity and tradition, making Christian Religious Education more relevant and meaningful for Toraja students by equipping them with a holistic identity as Toraja people who are also followers of Christ.  

This research aims to explore the function of the church in improving the understanding of the congregational environment through an eco-ecclesiology perspective. Eco-ecclesiology places the church as an integral part of God's creation that has a spiritual responsibility to protect, protect, and care for the environment. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, where data is collected through interviews, observations, and documentation from church ministers and congregation members. The results of the study show that the church has contributed to building concern for the environment through preaching, education, and social activities related to nature conservation. However, this role is not fully optimal because there is still limited awareness among the congregation and there is no structured and sustainable environmental program. These findings affirm the need for churches to integrate eco-ecclesiological principles more systematically into the ministry and daily life of the church. Thus, the church functions not only as a spiritual center, but also as an agent of social transformation that encourages the creation of ecological awareness and concrete actions in preserving the environment.

This research investigates the development of IT-based Automatic Identification System (AIS) data surveillance models supporting maritime safety through integration of advanced information technology, maritime engineering principles, and human factors optimization. AIS technology generates vast real-time vessel movement data creating unprecedented opportunities for safety enhancement through systematic surveillance, collision risk detection, traffic pattern analysis, and incident prevention, yet effectiveness depends critically on intelligent data processing algorithms, reliable IT infrastructure, and competent personnel capable of interpreting surveillance outputs and taking appropriate actions. Through qualitative analysis involving maritime safety authorities, vessel traffic service (VTS) operators, port authorities, marine engineers, IT specialists, data scientists, and maritime training institutions, this study examines how IT-based surveillance models incorporating pattern recognition, anomaly detection, predictive analytics, and crew-centered interfaces can transform maritime safety management from reactive incident response toward proactive risk prevention. Results demonstrate that intelligent AIS surveillance can identify 75-90% of high-risk situations 15-45 minutes before critical events, reduce collision risks by 60-80%, improve traffic management efficiency by 35-55%, and enhance crew situational awareness by 45-65% when integrated with appropriate training programs developing personnel competencies in data interpretation, system operation, and coordinated response. Key implementation challenges include data quality and completeness issues, computational infrastructure requirements, algorithm development complexity, personnel competency gaps requiring substantial training investments, organizational coordination barriers, and privacy/security concerns. Findings reveal that successful AIS surveillance implementation requires holistic sociotechnical approaches integrating IT systems engineering, maritime domain expertise, and human capability development through coordinated design, deployment, and training strategies. This research contributes to maritime safety literature by providing integrated frameworks for IT-based surveillance systems incorporating technical capabilities, operational requirements, and human factors supporting evidence-based safety management.

This study aims to explore in depth the impact of Islamic parenting on the development of disciplinary character in early childhood. Conceptually, parenting in Islam is understood as a child-rearing method based on Islamic principles, emphasizing values of role modeling, love, responsibility, and moral development from an early age. Through this approach, parents serve as the first and foremost educators in instilling the values of discipline reflected in children’s daily behavior, both within the family and in social interactions. This research analyzes various ways Islamic parenting is applied in daily activities, including the habit of performing prayers on time, managing schedules for study and play, and implementing educational consequences in accordance with Islamic principles. The findings reveal that the consistent application of Islamic parenting patterns, combined with effective communication between parents and children, has a positive effect on the development of children’s disciplinary character. Children raised under Islamic parenting tend to have an awareness of obeying rules, valuing time, and taking responsibility for their duties and obligations. Conversely, the study also identifies challenges stemming from parents’ limited understanding of Islamic parenting concepts, as well as external environmental influences such as digital media and peer interactions that are not always aligned with Islamic values. Therefore, efforts are needed to improve literacy regarding Islamic parenting through educational activities involving early childhood education institutions, religious study groups, and parent communities. In general, the findings of this study highlight the importance of collaboration among families, schools, and communities in consistently applying Islamic parenting principles to foster children’s disciplinary character from an early age in accordance with Islamic teachings.

This journal analyzes sexual violence by educators against students by analyzing Supreme Court Decision No. 5642 K/Pid.Sus/2022 using normative legal research methods. The primary focus of this research is the abuse of power relations by perpetrators holding positions of authority, as well as the legal protections afforded to child victims. Furthermore, this paper compares the provisions on sexual violence in the Child Protection Law and the Sexual Violence Criminal Law (UU TPKS). The findings indicate that courts impose harsher sentences on perpetrators who abuse their trust as educators and place victims at the center of the legal process, ensuring guarantees of recovery, psychological rehabilitation, restitution, and the right to education. The judges' approach in the ruling also reflects the spirit and principles of victim protection as outlined in the TPKS Law, including recognition of power dynamics, psychological pressure, and the importance of a victim-centered perspective. The TPKS Law expands the scope of sexual violence beyond physical aspects to include psychological and structural dimensions, which were previously not clearly regulated in other laws.  Therefore, this paper emphasizes the importance of harmonizing the two laws to create a more just, progressive, and victim-centered legal system, especially for children in educational settings. This research is expected to contribute to strengthening a more comprehensive and child-oriented legal approach.

The development of the digital era has brought significant changes to the world of education, including Islamic education, thus requiring educational institutions to adapt their policies and governance in a more modern way without neglecting Islamic values. SMA Al Hijrah Global School, as a globally oriented Islamic school, faces challenges in integrating the use of technology with the principles of Islamic education, both in learning, administration, and character development of students. This study aims to analyze how Islamic education policies are managed in the digital era and to identify the main challenges that arise in digital governance at the school.This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design, involving the principal, teachers, administrative staff, and students as informants selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, and then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. The findings show that the school has utilized technology in learning and management; however, it still faces constraints in the form of limited digital competence among teachers, suboptimal infrastructure, and challenges in supervising students’ digital ethics. The implications of this study indicate the need to strengthen Islamic education policies that are more adaptive to digital developments through improving digital literacy, providing adequate infrastructure, and reinforcing digital ethics based on Islamic values so that educational governance can run effectively and in line with the demands of the digital era.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Salam contract in the online sales system of Kwala Official, an online store selling bedding through the marketplaces Shopee, Tokopedia, TikTok, and Blibli. The research method used a qualitative case study approach, with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results indicate that online sales transactions at Kwala Official reflect the principles of the Salam contract, characterized by advance payment before receiving the goods, clear product information, and guaranteed delivery times. Furthermore, the implementation of the Salam contract is further strengthened by the marketplace system, which provides advance payment facilities, return policies, and refund mechanisms, thus providing protection for buyers. The study also identified supporting factors, such as clear product descriptions and good store management, as well as inhibiting factors such as shipping delays caused by the shipping company, differences in product appearance, and marketplace technical issues. Overall, transaction practices at Kwala Official comply with the terms and conditions of the Salam contract from a Sharia perspective.

This research explores strategies for developing the Lewaja Natural Tourism Area in Enrekang Regency, which has considerable potential as a leading destination but has not yet been managed effectively. The study aims to examine the current conditions of the site, highlight its opportunities and constraints, and design strategies for sustainable development. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, utilizing SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) in conjunction with IFAS and EFAS to establish strategic priorities. The results indicate that Lewaja possesses advantages in terms of natural scenery and accessibility, while weaknesses are found in facility provision and managerial aspects. The proposed strategies derived from the SWOT framework emphasize infrastructure improvement, enhancement of supporting amenities, digital-based promotional efforts, community involvement in destination management, and stronger collaboration between governmental bodies and the private sector. Overall, the study concludes that the future development of Lewaja Peak Natural Tourism should align with the principles of sustainable tourism, aiming to increase its attractiveness, raise service standards, and deliver economic value to the local community.