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Thaharah represents a core principle within Islamic teachings, encompasses both bodily cleanliness and spiritual sanctity, and functions as an essential requirement for the proper observance of acts of worship, including prayer, tawaf, and the recitation of the Qur’an. This concept extends beyond ritual practice, reflecting a manifestation of faith that encourages Muslims to maintain personal hygiene, environmental cleanliness, and spiritual closeness to Allah SWT. This study aims to explore and critically examine the concept of thaharah in a comprehensive manner, clarify its role within Islamic religious practices, and assess its relevance in fostering clean lifestyle behaviors and appropriate worship practices in accordance with Islamic legal principles in contemporary society. Conceptually, thaharah is divided into two main forms: purification from ritual impurity (hadas) through ablution (wudu), ritual bathing (ghusl), or dry purification (tayammum), and purification from physical impurities (najis) by cleansing the body, clothing, and surrounding environment. The normative foundation of thaharah is reinforced by textual evidence, including Surah Al-Ma’idah verse 6 and prophetic traditions that emphasize cleanliness as an integral part of faith. Thus, thaharah offers a holistic perspective on cleanliness that integrates both worldly and spiritual dimensions of Muslim life.  

The formation of Christian character in church-based education often faces challenges when disciplinary approaches rely heavily on punishment and external compliance. This article examines the relevance of behaviorism in shaping Christian character through the lens of positive discipline an approach that emphasizes reinforcement of desirable behavior, nurturing relationships, and the development of intrinsic moral awareness. Using a literature review and a small scale case analysis of contemporary church educational practices, this study evaluates how the principles of reinforcement, modeling, and behavioral consistency can be integrated with Christian values such as love, repentance, and the cultivation of conscience. The findings indicate that behaviorism remains useful when applied selectively within a holistic Christian educational theology. Positive discipline aligns more closely with biblical values because it promotes responsible character growth rather than mere obedience. This article contributes to the pedagogical discourse of church education by proposing an integrative framework that combines behavioristic principles with positive discipline to enhance effective and sustainable Christian character formation.

This study aims to analyze the factors causing the differences in legal treatment and their implications on the principles of equality before the law, legal certainty, and the principle of legality. The method used is empirical legal research with a juridical-sociological approach. This study involves case studies, interviews with law enforcement officers and victim advocates, as well as an analysis of regulations and court decisions. The results indicate that the differences in legal treatment are caused by the application of subjective detention requirements in the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), law enforcement discretion, differing legal interpretations between prosecutors and judges, the quality of legal assistance for defendants, and social pressures and societal dynamics. The impact of these differences is the failure to achieve substantive justice, weakening legal certainty, and declining public trust in the criminal justice system. This research has significant academic urgency as it contributes to the development of the enforcement of laws regarding Human Trafficking (TPPO), emphasizing the need for consistency, transparency, and the protection of victims' rights in the application of criminal law.

The development of social media has given rise to a new form of digital creative work thru collaboration between influencers and brands, known as brand collaboration. This phenomenon poses new challenges to the copyright legal system, particularly regarding the determination of ownership and legal protection of collaboratively generated content. This research aims to analyze how legal protection for social media content copyright is applied within the context of digital cooperation, and to what extent agreements play a role in determining the ownership and utilization of economic rights to such works. The research method used is normative juridical with a conceptual and legislative approach, which examines the provisions in Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright, contract related regulations, and international principles in the Berne Convention and the WIPO Copyright Treaty. The research results indicate that legal protection for collaborative content on social media is not yet optimal due to weak legal awareness and minimal contractual regulation between the parties. Written agreements have proven to play a strategic role in providing legal certainty over moral and economic rights, while also serving as a tool to prevent disputes and misuse of content. Therefore, it is necessary to develop more explicit digital collaboration contract guidelines and provide legal education for creative industry players so that copyright protection in Indonesia can be effective, adaptable, and equitable in the digital economy era.

The obligation to consume halal food is a fundamental right of Muslim consumers, guaranteed by Islamic principles and Indonesian positive law. However, in practice, many food business operators still distribute products that have not obtained halal certification, resulting in legal uncertainty and potential material and immaterial losses for Muslim consumers. This study aims to analyze the forms of legal protection available to Muslim consumers regarding food products that are not halal-certified and to examine the responsibility of business actors as well as the role of the government in ensuring halal food compliance in Indonesia, using Sushi Go Restaurant as a case study. This research applies a normative juridical method with a statutory and case approach, supported by library research of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The findings indicate that legal protection for Muslim consumers has been comprehensively regulated through Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection and Law Number 33 of 2014 on Halal Product Assurance. Nevertheless, the implementation of these regulations remains inadequate, particularly in terms of supervision and law enforcement against non-compliant business actors. The absence of halal certification and insufficient disclosure of halal information at Sushi Go Restaurant potentially violates Muslim consumers’ rights to legal certainty and accurate information. Therefore, stronger regulatory enforcement, improved supervision, and increased awareness among business actors and consumers are essential to ensure effective legal protection for Muslim consumers.

This community service program focuses on the theme of creative economy with the aim of encouraging innovation in agricultural products to increase added value and income for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Sumber Urip Village, Selupu Rejang District, Rejang Lebong Regency. Although the village has abundant agricultural potential, local products have not been optimally developed due to limited knowledge in processing, packaging, and marketing. The program employed a participatory-educative approach that emphasized active community involvement at every stage, including potential identification, socialization of creative economy concepts, product innovation training, and practical assistance in packaging and marketing. The participants consisted of farmers, MSME actors, and the Bukit Kaba Tourism Awareness Group (Pokdarwis) as strategic partners in developing a tourism-based market. The results indicate that the implementation of creative economy principles improved community understanding of product innovation, hygienic and value-added packaging, and appropriate marketing strategies targeting Bukit Kaba visitors. The strategic selling location at the Bukit Kaba tourism post further enhanced product visibility and market reach. Overall, this program demonstrates that creative economy-based community assistance can effectively strengthen MSME competitiveness, increase household income, and promote sustainable integration between agriculture, local entrepreneurship, and rural tourism development.

The Hamlet Head Election is an important part of the practice of village democracy that demands transparent, accountable, and participatory implementation. However, in practice, various obstacles are still encountered, such as limited understanding of regulations by the committee, low democratic literacy of the community, and potential conflicts due to lack of information disclosure. This community service activity aims to accompany the implementation of the Hamlet Head Election in Wonokerto Village so that it runs transparently and accountably. The service methods used include socialization of hamlet head election regulations, technical assistance to the election committee, education to the community regarding the rights and obligations of voters, and monitoring and evaluation of the election implementation. The results of the activity show an increase in the committee's understanding of election procedures in accordance with the principles of village governance, increased community participation, and the implementation of more open and accountable election.Thus, this community service activity can have a positive impact on the implementation of more open and accountable elections, as well as creating a healthy and sustainable democratic climate at the village level.

This study aims to describe the implementation of the principles of tawassuth, tawazun, and tasamuh in religious activities at Islamic boarding school Al-Manshuriyah Plered-Purwakarta, as well as to analyze the supporting factors, challenges, and their impact on shaping the moderate character of the the students. This research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings indicate that the implementation of Ahlussunnah wal Jama’ah (Aswaja) values has been carried out effectively through various programs such as routine Islamic study sessions, Qur’an reading, congregational prayer, commemoration of Islamic holidays, and social-religious activities. The principle of tawassuth is reflected in the congregation’s moderate attitude in understanding religious texts, tawazun is demonstrated through the balance between worship activities and social engagement, while tasamuh is manifested through harmonious interactions and appreciation of differences. Supporting factors include visionary leadership and a conducive learning environment, whereas inhibiting factors involve the diverse backgrounds of community members and limited facilities. The implementation of Aswaja values has positively contributed to the development of moderate, tolerant, and religious character among the congregation. This study reinforces the importance of Islamic boarding school as a center for cultivating Wasathiyah-based Islamic character in society.

The 21st century is marked by a profound transformation in digital communication. Social media has become a new public space, enabling people to interact, disseminate information, and shape public opinion rapidly and massively. This article analyzes the role of social media in shaping public opinion and its influence on the dynamics of government policy in Indonesia. Through a literature review and case analysis of policies influenced by viral issues on social media, this study finds that social media increases citizen participation and accelerates government responses to public issues. However, the pattern of 'viral-based policy' also carries risks, such as reactive policies, a lack of evidence-based policies, and inequality in representation. To manage this phenomenon, the government needs to develop an inclusive digital communication strategy, establish an early detection system for public sentiment, and uphold the principles of good governance and evidence-based policy. These findings are relevant for academics and policymakers seeking to understand the interaction between social media, public opinion, and government policy in the digital era.

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) in the digital age offers substantial benefits by enhancing efficiency and productivity. Nevertheless, these developments also pose significant challenges to the protection of human rights. Issues such as privacy violations, algorithmic bias, discrimination, and opaque automated decision-making highlight the need for a strong integration of ethical values and legal frameworks in the use of AI. This study applies a normative legal method supported by literature-based research to examine the existing regulatory frameworks and the ethical principles underpinning them. The findings indicate that ethical principles such as transparency, accountability, fairness, and human-centeredness serve as essential moral guidelines to prevent AI misuse. Meanwhile, legal rules ensure certainty, establish accountability mechanisms, and provide sanctions for violations. The synergy between ethics and law forms a crucial foundation to ensure that technological innovation aligns with the protection of human rights, upholds human dignity, and supports the creation of a safe and just digital environment

Business judgment rule (BJR) is a principle of protecting directors from suboptimal business decisions that result in company losses. The purpose of this study is to analyze and to explore the legal provisions of BJR and its application principles, which are often related to several cases of directors of companies in making business decisions. The following study uses a normative research method (normative legal research) with a descriptive analytical nature that examines secondary data sources obtained from reading library materials which are finally analyzed qualitatively. Regulations related to BJR can be found in the provisions of the Limited Company Law, the Financial Services Authority Regulation for public companies, and the BUMN Law, as well as the Regulation of the Minister of BUMN in regulating BJR and the application of the principles good corporate governance within the scope of state-owned enterprises. The principle of BJR protection for company directors applies as long as they can prove themselves in managing the company within the corridor fiduciary duty, duty of care, duty of skill, duty of loyalty, and not involved in the practice conflict of interest.

Sharia-compliant investment in Indonesia has experienced rapid growth, in line with increasing public interest in instruments compliant with Islamic principles. However, market fluctuations remain a major challenge in maintaining the performance of sharia investments, particularly sharia mutual funds. This article analyzes the dynamics of sharia investment in Indonesia in the face of market volatility, focusing on the performance of sharia mutual funds. The research method used is a quantitative approach, with secondary data analysis from various scientific studies and recent statistical data. The results indicate that macroeconomic fluctuations and market conditions significantly influence the performance of sharia mutual funds. Nevertheless, sharia mutual funds continue to demonstrate resilience and certain advantages compared to conventional mutual funds, particularly in the face of market uncertainty. These findings have important implications for sharia investors, investment managers, and policymakers in designing more optimal investment strategies and strengthening the position of sharia mutual funds in an increasingly dynamic market.

Electronics learning in higher education continues to face various challenges, particularly in the provision of interactive learning media capable of concretely and engagingly visualizing the form, characteristics, and working principles of electronic components. The limitations of conventional learning media often result in abstract learning processes, which in turn lead to a low level of student understanding of basic electronics concepts. This study aims to develop the AMPERE as an innovative and technologically relevant interactive learning medium. The research employed R&D approach using the Borg & Gall model, which includes the stages of needs analysis, design, product development, validity testing, and limited implementation. The AMPERE application was developed using marker based AR technology, in which a smartphone camera detects markers to display and interact with 3D electronic component objects in real time. The results indicate that the AMPERE application achieved a high level of validity, with a score of 0.88 from subject-matter experts and 0.84 from media experts, and was therefore deemed suitable for use as a learning medium. The small-group trial results showed a practicality level of 82.07%, while the practicality test during the implementation stage reached 85.67%. These findings demonstrate that AMPERE is effective in enhancing learning interactivity and assisting students in understanding the form, function, and working principles of electronic components through smartphone-based digital visualization. Theoretically, these results are consistent with constructivist learning theory, which emphasizes active knowledge construction through direct experience and interaction with learning objects.

Honesty (ṣidq) is a fundamental moral value in Islam that serves as the foundation for personal integrity and social ethics. In the current era of globalization and growing materialistic culture, this value faces serious challenges as societal orientation shifts from moral virtue to economic achievement and social image. This study employs a narrative review method, analyzing recent literature on moral education, Islamic ethics, and contemporary social dynamics. The findings reveal that honesty functions not only as a personal virtue but also as a social force that strengthens public trust and national stability. However, the global wave of materialism has weakened the internalization of ṣidq, especially among younger generations. Restoring honesty as the moral identity of the nation requires synergy among character-based education, spiritual reinforcement, and public policies that promote transparency and integrity. The recontextualization of honesty through Islamic spiritual principles and Rokeach’s value theory offers a path toward moral recovery for Indonesian society amid the global challenges of the 21st century.

The world of education must actively participate in preparing a creative, innovative, and competitive generation in response to advances in technology and science. Schools, as formal educational institutions, have a great responsibility to improve students' entrepreneurial skills by adding innovative product development theory to the learning process. Amidst increasingly fierce competition, product innovation is essential to create added value and maintain the sustainability of managed businesses. Entrepreneurship also plays an important role in driving social change and economic growth. Students are also encouraged to learn to be more creative, take initiative, and dare to take risks if they are given the facilities to develop their entrepreneurial spirit at school. Practical learning, training in innovative product creation, and business management simulations help students understand and apply entrepreneurial principles efficiently. Schools are expected to be a sustainable place for developing students' entrepreneurial character through targeted outreach and instruction. This method not only improves students' knowledge and skills, but also builds independence and innovation, which can help students prepare for the world of work, business, and industry. The goal is to foster an entrepreneurial culture focused on developing personal potential, thereby producing independent, adaptive, highly competitive graduates who are ready to face global challenges.

This study investigates the incorporation of Sufi-oriented values into the management practices and production processes of MADA Drinking Water operated by the Ahlus Shafa Wal Wafa Islamic Boarding School Foundation. The research focuses on the Syafi’i ethical concept known as Giti–Gito, which encompasses spiritual and moral values including sincerity, patience, inner richness, holistic physical and spiritual well-being, as well as fairness in sharing resources. The main aim of this study is to examine how these values are implemented within pesantren-based business management and to assess their impact on employees’ work attitudes, leadership styles, and interpersonal relations in the workplace. This research employs a qualitative case study method. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and a review of relevant institutional documents. The findings reveal that the implementation of Giti–Gito values has successfully shaped a work environment grounded in religious ethics, social harmony, and humanistic principles. The Giti aspect strengthens employees’ commitment to sincerity, patience, and accountability in carrying out their responsibilities, while the Gito aspect contributes to enhancing employee welfare and fostering a sense of social responsibility. Although challenges remain in reconciling spiritual values with modern management demands, the integration of both spiritual and professional dimensions has demonstrated its effectiveness in creating a productive, ethical, and sustainable organizational environment.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) principles at PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk as one of the state-owned banks that plays a strategic role in the Indonesian banking system. The implementation of GCG is crucial in maintaining public trust, improving performance, and ensuring business sustainability in the banking sector. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, focusing on secondary data analysis obtained from annual reports, corporate governance reports, sustainability reports, and official information published on the website of PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk. The results indicate that Bank Mandiri has consistently implemented the principles of transparency, accountability, responsibility, independency, and fairness in its corporate governance system. These principles are reflected in information disclosure practices, clear organizational structures, regulatory compliance, independent decision-making processes, and fair treatment of all stakeholders. Overall, the implementation of GCG at PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk contributes positively to strengthening internal control systems, enhancing public trust, and supporting the stability and sustainability of banking operations.

This study examines the criteria of disgraceful conduct in the dismissal mechanism of regional heads in Indonesia following Constitutional Court Decision No. 2/PUU-XX/2022. The decision underscores the necessity of a constitutional interpretation of the requirement “never having committed disgraceful conduct” in order to prevent abuse of power and political injustice in regional governance. Employing a normative legal research method, this study analyzes primary legal materials, including Constitutional Court decisions and statutory regulations, as well as secondary legal literature. The findings reveal that the notion of disgraceful conduct had previously functioned as a vague norm, enabling subjective and politically motivated interpretations, particularly by regional legislative bodies. The Constitutional Court, through its decision, transformed this open norm into a more limitative and objective standard by specifying concrete forms of conduct, such as gambling, intoxication, drug abuse, adultery, and other serious violations of decency. Furthermore, the Court emphasized that allegations of disgraceful conduct must be supported by clear, lawful, and verifiable evidence, in line with the principles of due process of law. This reformulation strengthens legal certainty, protects the political rights of elected regional heads, and preserves the stability of local governance. The study recommends legislative synchronization through amendments to the Regional Government Law and the issuance of judicial guidelines to ensure uniform standards of proof in dismissal proceedings, thereby reinforcing constitutional justice and the rule of law in Indonesia.

This study explores strategies for mobilizing financial resources and multi-stakeholder participation in Islamic education financing to achieve institutional financial independence. The research was conducted at SMA Muhammadiyah 5 Yogyakarta, a private Islamic secondary school implementing a financing model based on Sharia values and Total Quality Management (TQM) principles. A qualitative case study approach was employed, utilizing primary data from in-depth interviews with school administrators and observations of financial management practices, as well as secondary data from budget plans, government funding reports, and cooperation documents with philanthropic institutions. Data were analyzed using an interactive model involving data reduction, data presentation, and inductive conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that financial independence is strengthened through diversified funding sources, including government support, parental contributions, Islamic philanthropy, and school-based business units. Transparency and accountability are maintained through open financial reporting and stakeholder involvement. The study highlights that integrated Islamic education financing aligned with Sharia values and TQM enhances institutional sustainability, educational quality, and organizational competitiveness.

The Halal Management Sistem (HMS) has often been positioned as an administrative compliance tool that focuses on regulatory and certification requirements. This approach has the potential to simplify the meaning of halal by overlooking the inherent values, especially in the context of Muslim businesses. This study aims to interpret the understanding of the Halal Management Sistem not only as an administrative compliance mechanism, but also as an expression of worship and spiritual commitment in business practices. This study uses a qualitative approach through a literature review of scientific articles, books, and relevant publications discussing halal management, Islamic business ethics, and the perspectives of business actors. The results of the study show that the HMS is understood by business actors as a manifestation of religious obedience integrated into economic activities, where the application of halal principles is seen as part of devotion to God and a form of moral responsibility in running a business. In this understanding, administrative compliance is positioned as an implication of spiritual awareness, not as the main objective of the sistem's implementation. The research findings also indicate that the spiritual meaning of SMH encourages consistency in halal practices and strengthens long-term business orientation. Conceptually, this study has implications for the development of halal management studies by placing the spiritual dimension as the main foundation in the implementation of the Halal Management Sistem, particularly in supporting sustainable and ethical business practices.