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This study looks at the legal ramifications of changing the Republic of Indonesia's 1945 Constitution's articles pertaining to citizenship (UUD 1945). The complexity of citizenship issues has increased with globalization, especially when it comes to dual citizenship and the rights of Indonesians residing outside. This study is classified as doctrinal research since it examines legal sources to determine legal principles. The study finds that amendments to the UUD 1945 are necessary to better align Indonesia's citizenship policies with global developments. However, these changes must be carefully considered to protect human rights and maintain national loyalty and identity. Reforming Indonesia's citizenship laws should be done thoughtfully, with input from various stakeholders, to ensure the resulting policies are inclusive and adaptable to the current global context. This research aims to contribute significantly to the development of Indonesia's citizenship policies and to offer a foundation for policymakers in crafting regulations that are more responsive to global challenges.

The Presidential Threshold is a rule that sets the minimum threshold percentage of votes that a political party is required to achieve, in order to nominate or carry presidential and vice presidential candidates in the election contestation. This system is designed to filter out candidates who are considered qualified, the hope is that only candidates with high electability levels can run. However, its implementation is often a source of controversy because it is considered to hamper potential candidates from small parties or independents who may have quality, but are less known to the public. As a result, the dominance of major parties in the presidential candidacy limits people's choices and does not reflect the existing political diversity. In the Indonesian system of government, where the president and the DPR are independent institutions, the Presidential threshold system is considered incompatible with the principles of inclusive and representative democracy. This provision was first implemented through Article 5 paragraph (5) of Law Number 23 Year 2003 on the General Election of the President and Vice President, and has continued to be used in subsequent presidential elections. This article focuses on the effectiveness of the Presidential Threshold in the Indonesian political context and its impact on political participation, democratic representation, and constitutional law.

Marriage is a human right, as stated in Article 28B paragraph (1) of the Second Amendment to the 1945 Constitution, and marriage is explicitly regulated in Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage. Article 2 of the Marriage Law states that marriage must be registered according to the applicable laws and regulations. However, this cannot be fully implemented throughout Indonesia, especially in the Dsn Tanjung area, Taman Kec Jrengik Sampang. One of the factors preventing full implementation is that marriages are conducted underage. This research uses an empirical research approach, also known as field research. The purpose of this method is to investigate the applicable legal provisions and their implementation in society. The research results show that children born from unregistered marriages face difficulties in obtaining civil status and legal certainty.  

This study seeks to examine the legal vacuum surrounding regional head elections that feature only a single candidate, as well as the legal implications that arise from this scenario. In a democratic system, the principle of popular sovereignty necessitates a fair and free electoral process; however, the absence of clear regulations for regional head elections with a solitary candidate can jeopardize the integrity of this principle. Employing a normative legal methodology with both legislative and conceptual approaches, this study investigates various regulations that govern regional head elections and assesses how this legal vacuum impacts the electoral process and the constitutional rights of citizens. Additionally, the study identifies several strategies to address the legal vacuum, which include establishing clear legal provisions for the election process involving a single candidate, implementing a plebiscite mechanism, and enhancing transparency throughout the electoral process. The findings suggest that a more definitive and explicit legal framework is essential to uphold the principle of popular sovereignty in regional head elections featuring a single candidate. 

The enactment of Law Number 13 of 2022, concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 12 of 2011 on the Establishment of Legislation, is a follow-up to Constitutional Court Decision No. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 regarding the formal review of Law Number 11 of 2020 on Job Creation. However, during its formation process, Law Number 13 of 2022 can be considered as not meeting the criteria of an open cumulative law due to the Constitutional Court's decision. It is viewed as a tool to legitimize the flawed legislative process that followed the Court's ruling on Law Number 11 of 2020. The method used in this analysis is normative juridical, applying a statutory approach. The results of this research indicate that the reconstruction of substantive content using the omnibus law method in Law Number 13 of 2022 does not align with regulatory governance in Indonesia, which remains characterized by overlapping regulations—both horizontally and vertically—and is irrelevant to the existing decentralization system. The establishment of a National Regulatory Agency (BRN) is proposed as a constructive solution to ensure that the quality of academic drafts, methods, and regulatory content is thoroughly examined for feasibility, thereby creating a national regulatory system that is high quality, orderly, and optimal.

This think around focuses to essentially and comprehensively see at the concept of citizenship from the focuses of see of sacrosanct law and Islamic law. Citizenship may be a legal status that characterizes the rights and commitments of an individual interior a state. Inside the setting of sacrosanct law, citizenship is controlled through constitutions and citizenship laws that incorporate distinctive perspectives such as the benchmarks of citizenship (ius soli, ius sanguinis), human rights, and conscious commitments. Sacrosanct law besides considers the measures of vote based framework, value, and adjust in choosing citizenship status. On the other hand, from the point of see of Islamic law, the concept of citizenship isn't because it were seen from a legal-formal point but in addition incorporates moral and ethical estimations. Islamic law gives heading on the commitments and rights of individuals as parcel of the ummah (the Muslim community), based on Shariah measures such as value ('adl), open welfare (maslahah), and the confirmation of fundamental human rights. Besides, Islamic law considers the rights of non-Muslims interior an Islamic state setting through the concept of "ahl al-dhimmah" (guaranteed people) and the benchmarks of minority rights security. This examine grasps a essential and comparative examination approach to evaluate the resemblances and contrasts between these two perspectives. The revelations illustrate that in show disdain toward of foremost contrasts in their philosophical and methodological bases, both secured law and Islamic law share common goals, to be particular the confirmation of human rights and social value. In any case, contrasts inside the interpretation of these concepts can impact the execution of citizenship approaches in several countries. The think approximately additionally highlights the challenges and openings in coordination Islamic law benchmarks into the framework of display day sacrosanct law, particularly in Muslim-majority countries. At final, the examine proposes the require for more genuinely interest talk to realize a concordant agreeable vitality between secured law and Islamic law in controlling citizenship sensibly and comprehensively.

This paper discusses in depth the relationship between green constitution and green democracy in the context of environmental protection in Indonesia. In the modern era, environmental issues have become increasingly urgent, especially with the growing threats to ecosystems due to human activities. This research raises several problems, including the lack of public understanding regarding environmental legal norms contained in the 1945 Constitution, as well as the challenges faced in its implementation. The main objective of this research is to explore and analyze the connection between the principles of green constitution as stipulated in Article 28H paragraph (1) and Article 33 paragraph (4) of the 1945 Constitution with the existing environmental policy practices. This study also aims to identify the dynamics influencing the development of environmental protection law in Indonesia and to assess the effectiveness of the policies that have been implemented. The method used in this research is a normative juridical approach with descriptive analysis. Through a systematic literature review, this study examines various legal sources, official documents, and relevant literature related to the theme of green constitution and environmental protection. The findings indicate that although environmental norms have been accommodated in the constitution, significant challenges remain in terms of implementation, including the misalignment between government policies and constitutional mandates. This research concludes that to achieve optimal environmental protection goals, continuous evaluation and oversight of the implementation of existing laws are necessary. Furthermore, closer collaboration between the government, society, and other stakeholders is crucial to ensure that the policies adopted are not merely symbolic but also effective in protecting the environment. Moreover, this study emphasizes the importance of integrating the concept of ecocracy into public policy, which can serve as a guideline in making environmentally conscious decisions. Thus, the protection and management of the environment can be effectively and sustainably realized, creating a safe and healthy environment for future generations.

The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia is a unitary state in the form of a Republic, where the Head of State and Head of Government is the President and assisted by a Vice President in carrying out his duties. The term of office of the President and Vice President according to the 1945 Constitution is 5 years and can be re-elected in the next period. The President and/or Vice President may be dismissed during their term of office for various reasons. This research is a normative juridical research, namely, research conducted by reading works related to the procedure for the dismissal of the President and/or Vice President and the implications of the dismissal of the president and/or deputy in his term of office according to the constitutional system of the Republic of Indonesia. The results of this study show that: (1) The procedure for the dismissal of the President and/or Vice President during their term of office before the amendment of the 1945 Constitution has not been regulated in a limitative manner. Prior to the amendment, the MPR was the highest state institution that had the authority to dismiss the President and/or Vice President during his term of office. After the amendment of the 1945 Constitution, the procedure for dismissing the President and/or Vice President during his term of office has been regulated in Article 7B of the 1945 Constitution. (2) The dismissal of the President and/or Vice President during his term of office has implications for the continuation of the government and the life of the community in the future.

This article discusses the relationship between the central and regional governments in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) in the context of regional autonomy. By referring to the 1945 Constitution and Law no. 23 of 2014, this analysis highlights the importance of coordination and supervision between the two entities to achieve effective and efficient government goals. This relationship involves aspects of authority, institutions, finance and supervision, all of which play a role in maintaining the integrity and stability of the government system. In the digital era, new challenges emerge, such as the spread of inaccurate information, which require special attention to ensure fair and inclusive societal participation.

The theory of legal positivism plays a crucial role in the development of modern legal thought by emphasizing the importance of written and systematic norms in law enforcement. This approach is based on the assumption that the law is the product of regulations made by state institutions, as stipulated in various laws, including the 1945 Constitution, the Criminal Code (KUHP), and Law Number 12 of 2011 concerning the Establishment of Laws and Regulations. The methodology used in this study is qualitative analysis through literature studies and interviews with legal experts to explore the understanding of the application of positivism theory in legal practice in Indonesia. The results show that although positivism provides a strong framework for legal analysis and supports legal certainty, there are still significant challenges related to the application of the values of justice and morality in the legal system. This study concludes that to achieve social justice, there needs to be an integration between positivism and moral principles in modern legal practice.

Law Number 1 of 2023 about Criminal Code (KUHP), standardizes the criminalization of insults head of state Indonesia, particularly in Articles 217 to 220. The rule is considered contradictory because it can limit criticism toward the government. This study aims to examine regulations akining castigations against the President and Vice President and evaluate the impact of criminalization on freedom of expression and human rights. The research method utilized normative legal research conducted by reviewing literature and focusing on the democracy principles, freedom of speech, and civil rights. The study results show that the criminalization of offences aim the President and Vice is considered a mechanism check and conducive balance, ensuring that criticism against the President is conveyed responsibly without violating ethics, and maintaining the honor and dignity of the president. In conclusion, insulting the President provokes great consequences, in regard to the constitution, freedom of speech is not as limitless, and not absolute and must be rationated by the human rights of others. Therefore the rules concerning the criminalization of insults aim the President and Vice are suitable to maintain stability and public interest and belongs to the process of legal reform.

The abuse of personal data in the online loans has been a center of attention in the context of criminal law. This article analyzed the criminal liability of the illegal disclosing personal data in the scheme of online loans. By considering the constitutional law in Indonesia and the recent development of in those fields, this research explored the constitutional implication to the abuse of personal private data by online loans. The research methodology covered the analysis of relevant constitutional laws, court judgment, constitutional literatures, and recent cases. The results showed that the criminal liability can be applied to the online loans which used or spread illegally the private data of a debtor. The misuse of personal data included the illegal disclosing, the violation of privacy, and personal data hijacking. The implementation of constitutional law played an important role in protecting the security and privacy rights of individual data. However, the challenge in implementing the laws was the limited relevant regulation and lack of competent investigator in revealing the illegal activity. This article suggested to increase the effective constitutional frames and law enforcement in handling the problem. The collaboration of government, inspectorate agency, and industry, was considered necessary to make sure that there would be a legal and ethical online loan and the rule-breaking activity could be judged constitutionally

Traffic and road transportation have an important role in supporting national development and integration as part of efforts to advance general welfare as mandated by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The type of research used in this research is empirical juridical research, namely legal research. which is carried out by direct research or secondary data consisting of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. Data collection methods are techniques or methods that can be used by researchers to collect data. The data analysis technique used in this legal research uses qualitative analysis.  Based on research that has been carried out, the duties and authority of the Deli Serdang City Traffic Police are fully in accordance with the provisions of Law Number 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation by ordering and supervising the flow of traffic so that the safety and smoothness of traffic on public roads is maintained. . Various methods and forms of control are carried out by the police, but there are still traffic violators who violate traffic rules. In accordance with Law No. 22 of 2009 concerning Traffic and Road Transport Rules, and Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) owned by the Deli Serdang Regency Police Traffic Unit, control is carried out by warning and ticketing vehicles so that a ticket is given. Based on the results of the interviews, researchers could find out that the implementation of legal socialization carried out by law enforcers was not effective because they only socialized it at the school level and in the fields under Deli Serdang, but the people in the villages or sub-districts did not receive this socialization.  Based on the results of the research, it is concluded that the obstacles that arise in the implementation of Law Number 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation (Study of Traffic Control in the Legal Area of ​​the Deli Serdang City Police. There are several inhibiting factors that cause the implementation of Law No. 22. 2009 Article 77 Paragraph 1 concerning Traffic and Road Transport Rules for Riding Motorbikes in Deli Serdang Regency and to determine the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of legal regulations regarding the obligation to have a driver's license for driving motorized vehicles when driving in the LLAJ Law

Acts of sexual violence have now become a crucial issue regarding the moral decline in society. Sexual violence is a situation where a person experiences harassment in the form of inappropriate words and physical contact without mutual consent, resulting in discomfort for the victim.In fact, Article 28B Paragraph 2 of the 1945 Constitution states, 'Every child has the right to survive, grow, and develop, and has the right to protection from violence and discrimination.' However, in reality, many communities that still uphold patriarchal values often offer socially manipulative solutions, such as asking the victim to marry the perpetrator. Reflecting on this article, every human being has the right to be protected from acts of violence. However, the widespread sexual crimes against teenagers and the failure and injustice in handling such cases have become serious issues. Motivated by the spirit to prevent and address the problem of sexual violence, the service team implements sexual violence prevention education for the younger generation. This program is a child-friendly initiative that not only addresses sexual crimes but also serves as an educational platform. It is not limited to handling victims but also aims to break the vicious cycle involving teenagers as perpetrators of sexual violence. Therefore, this program is expected to answer, assist, and raise public awareness about the critical issue of sexual crimes in Indonesia.

In Constitution Number 23 Year 2004 about Deletion Violence In House ladder in explain that violence in House ladder is every action to somebody especially Woman , Which result the emergence misery or suffering in a way physique , sexual , psychological , and/ or neglect House ladder including threat For do act , coercion , or robbery independence in a way oppose law in scope House stairs . This study aiming For do analysis law to protection law towards victims of crime violence in House ladder . This study focus on the framework law related victim protection in context marriage . The research method used is method normative law meaning study This use approach legal that is a the attempted approach with observe and pay attention existence applicable law and analysis​ various regulation legislation and decisions relevant courts​ with him . The results of the study show that although Already There is regulation For protecting victims of violence in House stairs , its application Still face Lots constraint .  A number of aspect important from analysis This concerning effectiveness laws that protect women and children , as well as role enforcement law in handle case violence in House stairs . With background behind said , research This emphasizes expansion and refinement​ regulations , improvements awareness community , and participation active apparatus enforcer law For ensure greater victim protection effective . In short , protection law against victims of violence in House ladder need effort together between government , law enforcement law and society For create a safe and supportive environment for all victims of crime violence in House ladder .

Pancasila, aspthe foundation ofpthe Indonesianpstate, serves as thepultimate source ofpall sources ofplaw in the country. Although often a topic of daily discussion, Pancasila does notpseem to be explicitly mentioned in the Indonesian constitution. Therefore, this article aims to examine thepposition of Pancasila aspthe foundation of allpsources ofplaw, as well as formulatepsteps forpits application in buildingptheprule ofplaw in Indonesia. Thepresearch method appliedpin this article ispa literaturepstudy approach, usingpdata and referencespfrom various sources suchpas scientific journals,pe-books,particles, and relevantpmagazines. The purpose ofpthis writing ispto explorepmore deeply the conceptpof Pancasila aspthe basispof the entire framework of legislation in the Indonesian legal state, explain how Pancasilapis applied aspthe mainpsource ofplaw in the process of forming apstate ofplaw inpIndonesia, so that it can be understood the positionpof Pancasila aspthe foundation ofpall laws andpregulations, andphow it is applied as the main source ofplaw.

This research is empirical juridical, with the aim of finding out the qualifications for regulating criminal acts of bribery committed by the head of a Non-Governmental Organization and to find out the criminal responsibility. The expected benefit of this research is that it can provide knowledge, can be an accurate source and become a reference for similar research. regarding the discipline of Criminal Law, especially Anti-Corruption Education.This result shows that the qualification of the regulation of criminal acts in the case of the chairman of the Non-Governmental Organization is contained in Article 23 of Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning the Eradication of Corruption and other criminal acts related to corruption. then the proof of the article of other criminal acts related to corruption, of which there are three articles that do not have to be accompanied by state losses. If it is connected with the Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 25 of 2016 specifically Article 2 and Article 3, the name of which is a formal offense to a material offense, it is mandatory that there must be state losses. But specifically Article 21, Article 22 and Article 23, the proof of his actions does not have to be a state loss because the qualification of the crime is a formal crime, not a material crime, so the change in mindset of the regulation and qualification of the crime in Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Corruption from formal to material is only for Article 2 and Article 3. Criminal liability of the General Chairperson of the Anti-Corruption People's Alliance (ARAKSI) for committing a criminal act, with the existence of an unlawful act seen from the qualification of the regulation of the criminal act, then violating Article 23 of Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Corruption

This study aims to analyze the similarities and differences in the position and authority of the Judicial Commission in Indonesia, Argentina, Mexico and Brazil and analyze the challenges faced by the Indonesian Judicial Commission to optimize its duties and authorities. This study is a normative legal study with a comparative approach. The types of materials used are primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. The legal material collection technique used is document study or literature study. The data analysis technique uses the siligism method with a deductive thinking pattern. The results of the study are that the Judicial Commissions of Indonesia, Argentina, Mexico and Brazil have similarities related to the basic regulations regarding the Judicial Commission institution which are both regulated in the constitution and the composition of membership consisting of partisans. The differences between institutions similar to the Judicial Commission are related to authority, number of members and term of office. The challenges faced by the Judicial Commission are the limited authority held by the institution, and the overlapping authority between the Judicial Commission and the Supreme Court related to supervision.

This study intended findout the existence of common law in national legal politics and to figure out more efforts that were done by the government and non-government so that common law and national l egal politics run in balance. This study made use of normative legal research with legislation and a comparative approach method. The results of the study indicated that common law does have different characters from national law, where national law has written characters in laws and regulations systematically and rigidly. Common law existence is recognized in national legal politics at the macro legal political level. In macro legal politics, recognition of common law community units and their traditional rights have been enshrined in the constitution, through Pasal 18B ayat (2) UUDNRI 1945. As is well known, common law communities are the bearers of common law.

This study will discuss how the implications of the MK 60/PUU-XXII/2024 decision on the 2024 simultaneous regional election contestation and how the idealita (ideal concept) threshold for the nomination of regional heads in the election system in Indonesia. This study also aims to address the issue of the threshold of the nomination, both the nomination of the president and the nomination of regional heads which from time to time always cause problems and difficult to find a middle point. Type of research used normative-juridical approach to legislation and cases as well as research used library (library research) with secondary data. The results of the discussion are the result of this decision, namely the potential of each political party to propose a candidate for Regional Head is increasingly wide open and the competition is believed to be increasingly competitive which can produce a skilled and qualified leader because it has gone through a rigorous competition process from each candidate proposed by a political party. This implication is a space that has been awaited by political parties and the community because the more candidates for regional heads, the more choices that can be investigated by the community.