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Today is a sophisticated era where everything is digital, be it smartphones, laptops, even safes. So digital password security is essential in protecting personal data. This study analyzes password strength using combinatorics and probability. Calculations are made to determine the number of possible password combinations based on the length and type of characters. In addition, the probability of success of a brute-force attack is calculated based on the number of guesses that can be made by the attacker. The results show that the longer and more complex the password, the less likely it is to be guessed. This study also discusses the concept of information entropy to measure the level of randomness of passwords and its impact on digital security. This study provides insight into the importance of choosing strong passwords.

Sola fide is the main Reformed teaching that salvation is only obtained through faith alone, not through charity or good deeds. in the 16th century the practice of indulgences and the Catholic church's emphasis on good works gave rise to doubts in the faith, which later gave rise to the Reform Movement. In response, the reformers restored the principle of sola fide to protect believers in the Lord Jesus from doubts about their Faith. The aim of this research is to analyze the role of sola fide in strengthening believers' faith before reform skepticism, through a literature review of the writings of reformer figures. The results show that emphasizing God's sovereign grace, the sufficiency of faith for forgiveness of sins and assurance of salvation, and sola fide can strengthen believers' faith against attacks of skepticism. This understanding provides important insight for believers today about how to strengthen their faith in the face of increasing skepticism. Overall, this research shows the central role of the principle of sola fide in the history of Christian thought.

Abstract In this article, literature research is discussed on the dynamics and strategic models of the church in the mission movement during the Reformation era. The theological understanding of the church's practice of mission underwent a major shift during the Protestant Reformation. This included the shift in authority from the ecclesiastical hierarchy to the authority of Scripture and the emergence of new methods to spread the gospel. This study investigates how Reformation figures such as Martin Luther, John Calvin, and other reformers influenced the missions paradigm through their writings, teachings, and church structures. In addition, it investigates modelsof various mission strategies that originated from the Reformation movement; these include Bible translation, local congregation-based evangelism, and education as a means of mission. This literature review shows that the Reformation era created new theologies and church mission strategies that are relevant for today.    

In the advancement of information technology and technology in the modern era, it certainly has a considerable impact on various areas of life, including in the spread of religious teachings, one of which is Buddhism. The method of delivering the Dhamma today does not only use traditional approaches such as lectures or Dhammadesana in monasteries or live teachings, but now it can be through digital media such as Youtube, social media, applications, or online videos. This article reviews how technology plays an important role as a tool that can reach more people around the world without being limited by space and time. Through the various uses of these technological developments, the teachings of the Dhamma are presented in a more interesting, interactive, and easily accessible form for all groups, such as audio-visuals, digital books, podcasts, and application-based online classes. In addition, technology also allows for virtual discussion forums, sharing of spiritual experiences, and digital preservation of Buddhist texts. Thus, the use of appropriate technological developments can support the sustainability, development, and spread of the Dhamma so that it remains relevant, sustainable, and beneficial to today's society and future generations.

Christian leadership is a calling given to all Christians, and it is especially relevant for youth as the next generation. Young people have great potential within themselves, both to lead themselves and others. Therefore, developing leadership in youth is crucial, and this must be done with the right strategies. The primary focus in this development is to emphasize the characteristics of a Christian leader that youth must possess, so they can grow into leaders who are not only competent but also reflect Christ-like values in their lives. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of leaders that the Christian youth must possess and the appropriate strategies for developing their leadership potential. The method used in this study is qualitative with a literature review, in order to gain a deeper understanding of Christian leadership concepts among youth. As the successors of both the church and society, youth must have leadership qualities that begin with leading themselves. This personal leadership will form a strong foundation for young people to answer God’s calling to lead others. The characteristics of a Christian leader that youth must possess include humility, integrity, love, and responsibility. Facing the complex challenges of today’s world, it is essential for youth to have a strong commitment to Christian values, so they are not easily swayed by worldly influences. The church plays a crucial role in guiding and directing youth to understand God's calling, as well as in developing leadership that aligns with Christ’s teachings. With the right development strategies and support from the church, Christian youth can become good leaders. They will be able to make a positive impact in society and reflect the nature of Christ, becoming role models in their daily lives.

In today's competitive and dynamic business world, budgeting is no longer viewed solely as an administrative tool but has evolved into a crucial strategic instrument for organizational planning and decision-making. This study aims to explore the strategic role of budgeting in supporting the achievement of organizational goals, particularly through the alignment of short-term and long-term strategies. The method used is a literature study by examining various financial management theories and budgeting practices in several industrial sectors. The results of the study indicate that strategic budgeting can provide clear direction in resource allocation, organizational priority setting, and performance evaluation. In addition to being a control tool, the budget also functions to strengthen coordination between work units and support data-based decision-making. The participation of various stakeholders in the budgeting process plays a crucial role in increasing accountability, transparency, and a sense of ownership in achieving organizational goals. The integration of budget and strategy enables organizations to be more adaptive and responsive to the dynamics of the external environment. Thus, a flexible and participatory budgeting approach is essential so that the budget is not merely a static document but also a dynamic tool in supporting sustainable competitive advantage. This research concludes that strategically oriented budgeting significantly contributes to organizational effectiveness and success in achieving long-term goals.

Managing human resources and entrepreneurship are two crucial components of any successful organization. Human resources management focuses on recruiting, training, and retaining employees to ensure they can perform their job duties effectively. On the other hand, entrepreneurship involves the creation and development of new business ventures, products, or services. Both areas play a significant role in the overall success and growth of a company. In this paper, we will explore the intersection of human resources management and entrepreneurship, examining how these two disciplines can work together to drive innovation and organizational success. By leveraging the expertise and creativity of both HR professionals and entrepreneurs, companies can cultivate a culture of innovation and adaptability. This collaboration can lead to the development of cutting-edge products and services, as well as the implementation of forward-thinking HR practices that attract and retain top talent. However, integrating HR and entrepreneurship may also present challenges, such as balancing risk-taking with employee well-being and ensuring that organizational goals align with individual aspirations. Despite these obstacles, the potential benefits of combining these disciplines are vast, offering companies a strategic advantage in today's competitive business landscape.

The Personnel Information System at the Jayapura City Transportation Office aims to increase efficiency and effectiveness in managing personnel data. In today's digital era, manual data management has limitations that affect the speed and accuracy of information. Therefore, a computerized information system is necessary for better management of employee data. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the personnel information system at the Jayapura City Transportation Office, as well as evaluate its impact on personnel administration performance. The methods used in this study include direct observation of the system in use, interviews with staff and system managers, and analysis of the system's effectiveness in improving data management. The system was evaluated in terms of its ability to streamline administrative tasks, facilitate easy access to personnel data, and enhance overall efficiency in managing personnel information. The results of the study indicate that the system has successfully optimized employee data management, improved administrative efficiency, and made access to information faster and more accurate. However, some obstacles were identified, such as the need for further training for staff to use the system optimally and occasional technical issues with system integration. Despite these challenges, the personnel information system has proven to be an essential tool for improving the overall performance of the personnel administration at the Jayapura City Transportation Office. The study concludes with recommendations for further system enhancements and the importance of ongoing staff training to ensure the system's continued success.

In the context of education, Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers not only function as teachers, but also as moral role models who teach Christian values ​​and social norms that are important for the development of students' character. This study aims to examine the role of Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers based on social norms in building student character at SDN 064959 Medan Area. This study uses a qualitative literature method by collecting data from observations, interviews, and relevant literature studies. The results of the study indicate that PAK teachers play a role in instilling Christian values ​​that teach social norms to maintain tolerance in living together with others. PAK teachers also function as facilitators in creating a learning environment that supports the development of empathy and social concern among students. This study emphasizes that Christian religious education has a significant impact on forming individuals who are not only knowledgeable, but also have strong moral and ethical integrity. The conclusion in this study provides insight into the development of a Christian religious education curriculum that is more effective and relevant to the needs of today's society.

Drug abuse in today's young generation is one of the serious problems that has a very negative and very bad effect on the physical, social and future health of today's young generation. The purpose of the activity of socialization of the dangers of drug abuse for the young generation in Lumban Gurning Village is so that the young generation in Lumban Gurning Village can increase awareness and knowledge, and prevent drug abuse, and can build a healthy young generation and create a healthy environment. Drug abuse is one of the very serious problems in Indonesia, especially in the young generation. The method used in this socialization is the lecture and discussion method. In this socialization activity, the level of knowledge of people about drugs and the dangers of drugs has been quite good, but in their efforts to understand the prevention of drug abuse is still not good. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out socialization by trying to inform it maximally, especially in terms of strengthening topics and news about more effective ways of preventing the dangers of drugs, by carrying out socialization about drug abuse, it can help the people of Lumban Gurning Village to be more careful and understand more about what drugs really are. By understanding what drugs are, the community in Lumban Gurning village can prevent and overcome drug abuse.

In the art and science of dermatology, ridge patterns and surface markings are studied on the finger’s skin, palm, foot toes, and soles. It is helpful for research into illnesses that may have a hereditary component. Dermatoglyphics has developed into a practical instrument in the fields of biology, anthropology, genetics, medicine, and dentistry over the past few centuries. The state of medical dermatoglyphics today is such that different systemic illnesses are linked to fingerprint patterns. Breast cancer, smokeing tobacco, bronchial asthma, diabetes mellitus, and several others were maintained. The sophisticated and contemporary uses of dermatoglyphics in the diagnosis of various oral, systemic, and dental conditions are covered in this article. It also emphasizes how beneficial dermatoglyphics is as a medical diagnostic tool for a variety of systemic illnesses. An approach to investigating the genetic relationships of oral, craniofacial, and systemic illnesses that is easily accessible, affordable, practical, trustworthy, and noninvasive is dermatoglyphics. Therefore, dermatoglyphics is a great tool for screening the population for numerous medical and dental conditions in addition to providing personal identification.

The combination of nursing, medical, and surgical sciences is often integrated into medical surgical nursing science. Medical surgical nursing is a branch of nursing that combines medical and surgical sciences to provide comprehensive care to patients. This is because nurses are required to have knowledge and technical skills that are adaptive to today's health world. In order to optimize this, a holistic study is needed to identify gaps that need to be fixed, both in terms of practice, development, and education. However, there has been no research that examines these things. Therefore, this study aims to explain the multi-perspective study of medical surgical nursing with a literature review. The method used is a literature review with various literatures from Google Scholar. The results of the study show that most of the scientific literature that studies medical surgical nursing has supported studies from the perspective of development, assessment, and education. Some of this literature can be used as a basis for reviewing and evaluating the world of surgical nursing more comprehensively so that it can be improved according to the findings of field research.

Finding out about the attempts to conserve Gong Sibunguik in Kebun Durian Village, Gunung Sahilan District, Kampar Regency, Riau Province, is the aim of the author's research.  The three components of preservation are (1) protection, (2) development, and (3) exploitation, according to Sedyawati (2008: 152).  Descriptive analysis using a qualitative approach is the strategy employed in this study.  In this study, observational data collecting, interviews, and documentation were employed as data gathering methods. The study's findings indicate that measures to prevent the loss or destruction of cultural objects are part of its protection efforts.  This can take the shape of records that serve as inspiration and a source of reference while digesting the performing arts.  Increasing the number of musical instruments and Gong Sibunguik musician groups is one way to quantify this development endeavor.  Efforts to improve the quality of Gong Sibunguik art are made by producing new music while preserving the traditional aspects of the art form. The purpose of this invention is to support traditional arts.  Efforts to use it, namely Gong Sibunguik, are still made today, which is the same as modern arts, since Gong Sibunguik is an art form that is required for this event; without it, the event cannot take place as it does not adhere to local cultural standards.  Furthermore, in Kebun Durian Village, Gong Sibunguik is typically present for circumcision ceremonies, marriages, greeting niniak mamak, and ba inai-inai.  Gong sibunguik is typically done before the party's preparation (pre-party) at wedding celebrations.

Over the years, there have been issues with the relationship between Nigeria's three levels of government. Numerous committees and commissions have been established, and suggestions have been made, but until the levels of government continue to clash over finances today. Being the third level of government, the local government has been hardest damaged, which has made it impossible for it to successfully perform its mandated duties. Because of this, this study looked at Nigerian local government performance and intergovernmental relations. The study used a survey design, with a focus on descriptive research. Focus groups and questionnaires were used to gather data. The Central Bank of Nigeria and government documents provided the secondary data. Among other things, the results showed that intergovernmental relations have somewhat eased tensions between Nigeria's three levels of government. Additionally, the 1999 constitution's flaws have hindered fiscal relationship among Nigeria's three levels of government. Among other things, the research suggested that efforts be made to guarantee that all levels of government follow the constitutional rules on budgetary relations, accountability, and openness.  

Science and technology became something that developed very rapidly in the classical period and Islamic civilization. And this proves that epistemology developed at that time. Even though in the past Muslim scholars studied a lot in the field of Islamic civilization, with their epistemology they were able to provide the best in the field of science and technology and develop it to all corners of the world. Technology is a source of information today. It is necessary to know that the hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad contain many Hadiths about Science and Technology. What is contained in the hadith is mentioned implicitly in the rules of explanation of creed and faith. That is why, hadith will always coexist with the development of the times and there will be no conflict between the two forever. The "Hadith-Hadith Science" application is research that uses the R&D (Research and Development) method and in its development uses the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development and Evaluation) method.  Then this application was developed via the Kodular.Io website which can be accessed on Chrome, Mozilla Firefox and Google. This application contains 40 selected hadith themes about Science in hadith. By developing the "Scientific Hadiths" application, researchers hope that this application can be useful for users.

This research aims to analyze the relationships among total risk, capital structure, and profitability, and their impact on corporate sustainability, with firm performance acting as a mediator. Corporate sustainability has become increasingly important in today’s competitive and dynamic business environment. A literature review indicates that well-managed total risk can enhance firm performance, while an optimal capital structure contributes to higher profitability. In turn, profitability enables companies to invest in innovation and sustainable development. This study identifies a gap in the existing literature, as few studies integrate these three factors within the context of sustainability. By employing a comprehensive analytical approach, this research seeks to provide deeper insights into how total risk, capital structure, and profitability interact to support corporate sustainability. The findings are expected to significantly contribute to financial management practices and sustainable corporate policies.

Christology is the theological study of the person, nature, and work of Jesus Christ. This paper traces the development of Christology from the first century to the fifth century, highlighting the theological dynamics that took place in the early church. In the first century, Christology was based on the teachings of the apostles and the New Testament writings, with the main debate being over the humanity and divinity of Christ. The second and third centuries were characterized by the emergence of various theological schools, such as Gnosticism, Docetism, and Monarchianism, which prompted the church to affirm orthodox teachings. In the fourth century, the Council of Nicea (325 AD) and the Council of Constantinople (381 AD) played an important role in rejecting Arianism and affirming the oneness of Christ's essence with the Father. The fifth century witnessed more complex Christological debates, culminating in the Council of Ephesus (431 AD) and the Council of Chalcedon (451 AD), which established that Christ has two natures divine and human in one undivided person. This research confirms that the development of Christology in the first five centuries provided the foundation for Christian doctrine that continues to influence theological thought today.

Background: Decubitus is a condition where external pressure causes local tissue damage or injury. It usually affects people with chronic illnesses who spend a lot of time in bed. Trauma and surgery can cause damage to the integrity of the skin, but long-term pressure on the skin can also cause irritation and the formation of decubitus, or pressure sores. People who have nerve damage from stroke, traumatic injury, diabetes or coma are also more likely to develop decubitus. However, decubitus of the back or spine still affects a large number of patients today. Objective: To determine the effect of back massage with virgin coconut oil on the risk of decubitus in stroke patients. Methods: The study used a type of quantitative research with an experimental one group pre-post test design. The sample consisted of 17 respondents. Sampling was determined using the Lemeshow formula technique. The data obtained was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. Results: In this study, significant results were obtained with a p value of 0.001 (p <0.5). This means that there is an effect of back massage with virgin coconut oil on the risk of decubitus in stroke patients.  Conclusion: There is an effect of back massage with virgin coconut oil on the risk of decubitus in stroke patients.

The old model of leadership style has shifted to a new model that is currently relevant to be effectively applied to lead the generation that dominates the world of work today and is entering the most productive age, namely the millennial generation and generation Z. With the young generation in Indonesia growing so rapidly with characteristics, needs and expectations that are different from the previous generation, the leadership style applied must also adjust to the rhythm and pattern of the current young generation. This research is a type of qualitative research with a literature study method or literature review. The literature study approach used in this study: the first stage is to collect literature, make comparisons from various literature sources, conduct analysis and present interpretations of the results of the analysis. From this study, it was concluded that considerations and implementations in practicing a combination of transformational leadership styles and servant leadership can be the most effective leadership style adjusted to the analysis of needs, characteristics, expectations and results of leadership practices for the millennial and Z generations in an organizational environment.

The development of information systems today is very fast and rapid, one form of information system that is easy to develop is web-based. The use of information systems in the medical world is very much, but there are still some who have not utilised these information systems to help the work of a medical staff, especially in helping the development of mental health. The system used to help improve mental health at Dr Muhammad Zein Hospital is currently still conventional, namely face-to-face between medical personnel and patients, which makes adolescents who have problems with their mental health have various reasons not to visit a psychiatrist. This web-based adolescent mental health screening application is designed using the php programming language, MySQL database and a decision-making system using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. By implementing this Web-based Adolescent Mental Health Screening Application Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method, it is hoped that it can help adolescents to know their mental health independently and provide information and education about mental health disorders.