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This study aims to analyze the implementation of legal responsibility by goat farmers in managing waste from Etawa goat farming based on a circular economy model at Nusantara Farm, Sidoarjo. The study employs both normative juridical and empirical juridical approaches, with data collection techniques including literature review, interviews, and field observations.The results indicate that waste management is carried out through direct utilization, such as using livestock manure as organic fertilizer, selling waste, and distributing it to the surrounding community. These practices demonstrate that waste is not disposed of carelessly but rather reused, thereby creating economic and functional value.From a legal perspective, this condition reflects the fulfillment of the farmers' responsibilities in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, particularly in efforts to prevent environmental pollution. Furthermore, these waste management practices partially embody the principles of the circular economy, especially in terms of reuse.However, the current waste management practices remain conventional and are not yet optimally integrated. Therefore, there is a need to develop a waste management model based on an integrated closed-loop system to enhance the economic value of waste while ensuring more effective environmental sustainability.

The Food & Beverage industry relies heavily on the availability and quality of fresh raw materials, making inventory management crucial. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the First-In, First-Out (FIFO) method in inventory management at PT K Hospitality Investment. The research design used a case study. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation, then analyzed descriptively and qualitatively to assess the implementation of the FIFO inventory method in inventory management. The results show that PT K Hospitality Investment adopts a strict chronological inventory system and issuance of goods based on the order of entry. The use of FIFO inventory is often supported by the FEFO (First-Expired, First-Out) technique. Integrated inventory control has contributed to the financial stability of PT K Hospitality Investment. When properly implemented, the FIFO method not only helps reduce waste and increase efficiency, but also supports the company's operational sustainability. Although the implementation has been successful, the company still faces challenges such as limited infrastructure, a manual recording system, sudden changes in trends or guest order volumes, and delays in supplier deliveries.

This community service program aims to implement digital marketing management strategies to optimize community based digital businesses among young generations in Jayapura City. The rapid development of digital technology has created significant opportunities for youth to develop digital businesses. however, limitations in marketing knowledge, content creation skills, and the use of digital platforms remain major challenges. This program was conducted through training, mentoring, and practical workshops focusing on digital marketing management, including market segmentation, branding strategy, social media marketing, content planning, digital advertising, and evaluation using digital analytics. The participants consisted of young entrepreneurs and youth communities who are actively involved in small scale digital business activities. The results of the program indicate an improvement in participant’s understanding and skills in managing digital marketing strategies, particularly in building brand identity, optimizing social media engagement, and designing digital promotional content. In addition, participants were able to develop structured digital marketing plans and apply them to their business activities. This program contributes to strengthening youth capacity in Jayapura City to compete in the digital economy through sustainable community based business development.

This study aims to describe the intrinsic structure and analyze the psychological aspects of the main characters in the three short stories based on Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory. The research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data sources are texts from three satua cutet in the Nimbang Rasa anthology: I Kucil by I Komang Tri Nanda Defhayana, Idup Lara by Ni Wayan Esa Juliantini, and Pajalan Keneh by Ni Putu Ayu Ari Astiti. Results show that the intrinsic structure of all three stories employs a linear plot, with themes of diligence, perseverance, and courage. Psychological analysis based on Freud's id, ego, and superego theory reveals that I Kucil is dominated by id impulses in the form of aggressive emotion due to injustice; Ani demonstrates a strong ego in withstanding social pressure and a firm superego in upholding moral values; while Gékyu shows a balance between ego and superego when facing abuse from a teacher. This research is expected to serve as a reference in Balinese literary studies, particularly in the field of literary psychology.

The rapid development of globalization has significantly influenced modern education systems, requiring not only the advancement of knowledge but also the strengthening of moral and spiritual values. This study aims to analyze the integration of Islamic values within modern education systems in the era of globalization. The research employs a qualitative approach with a library research method, utilizing various academic sources such as books, journals, and relevant documents. Data are collected through documentation techniques and analyzed using content analysis to interpret and synthesize existing theories and findings. The results indicate that the integration of Islamic values can be effectively implemented through curriculum development, teaching methods, digital technology utilization, and the role of educators as value transmitters. Furthermore, the study reveals that a holistic and systematic integration approach is essential to balance intellectual, emotional, and spiritual development in learners. The implications of this research highlight the importance of developing an integrative education model that aligns Islamic principles with modern scientific and technological advancements, in order to produce individuals who are not only academically competent but also possess strong moral character in facing global challenges.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the madrasah quality paradigm from the perspective of the Qur'an at MIS Al-Hunafa Palangka Raya. The study used a qualitative field research approach with observation, interview, and documentation techniques. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model. The results of the study indicate that: 1) the quality paradigm is understood not only to be oriented towards academics, but also to the formation of character and spiritual values ​​of students; 2) the implementation of the quality paradigm is carried out through the integration of Qur'anic values ​​such as amanah, itqan, ihsan, discipline, and responsibility in madrasah culture, learning, and religious activities; and 3) the implementation of quality still faces obstacles in the form of limited infrastructure, variations in teacher competencies, and technological demands, so that the madrasah carries out strengthening through teacher training, facility optimization, and the development of a quality culture based on Qur'anic values. Thus, the implementation of the quality paradigm at MIS Al-Hunafa has been running quite well and is carried out sustainably.

This research investigates how the characteristics of virtual influencers influence consumers’ purchase intention, with consumer perception acting as a mediating variable. A quantitative explanatory method was applied, involving 134 social media users who had been exposed to promotional content by the virtual influencer Arbie Seo for Richeese Factory. Data analysis employed Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Results reveal that credibility and authenticity exert a positive influence on purchase intention, whereas attractiveness shows a significant negative effect. In addition, credibility, attractiveness, and authenticity positively affect consumer perception. Consumer perception subsequently increases purchase intention and serves as a mediator in the relationship between virtual influencer characteristics and purchase intention.

This study aims to analyze the effect of financial literacy on financial management behavior through financial attitudes among students of Universitas Kebangsaan Republik Indonesia (UKRI). The background of this research is the increasing importance of financial understanding among students in managing their personal finances effectively. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method, where data were collected through questionnaires distributed to UKRI students. The data were analyzed using statistical methods to examine both direct and indirect relationships between variables. The results indicate that financial literacy has a positive and significant effect on financial management behavior. Furthermore, financial attitudes are proven to mediate the relationship between financial literacy and financial management behavior, indicating that better financial knowledge shapes positive attitudes, which in turn improve financial behavior. The findings imply that improving financial literacy and fostering positive financial attitudes are essential in promoting better financial management among students. Therefore, educational institutions are encouraged to enhance financial education programs to support students in achieving financial well-being.

The increased intake of packaged sugar-sweetened beverages among adolescents may affect health status, particularly blood glucose levels, as their high added sugar content can disrupt glucose metabolism when consumed excessively. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the consumption of packaged sugar-sweetened beverages and blood glucose levels among high school students in Tuban District. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design was employed, involving 2,092 students from four schools. The sample was selected using a stratified random sampling technique. Data on beverage consumption were collected using a Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), while blood glucose levels were measured using a glucometer. Data analysis was performed using the Spearman Rank correlation test with SPSS version 24. The results indicated a significant relationship between the consumption of packaged sugar-sweetened beverages and blood glucose levels among high school students in Tuban District (p = 0.000). These findings suggest that higher consumption levels are associated with higher blood glucose levels in adolescents.

This article discusses the relevance of the concept of the bonum commune (the common good) in the thought of Thomas Aquinas as a moral foundation in the era of digital disruption. The era of digital disruption is characterised by profound changes in the way humans live, interact, and utilise technology. Amidst these developments, a weak moral foundation has led to a lack of technological orientation towards the common good. Without a fundamental moral foundation, technology will be directed solely towards profitability, disregarding human values and fostering an individualistic society. This study employs a qualitative method based on a literature review, analysed through a hermeneutic reading of Aquinas’s principal work, the *Summa Theologica*, as well as literature on digital ethics. The results of the study indicate that the bonum commune is a fundamental ethical principle that can guide the use of digital technology towards justice, social responsibility, and the common good.

The ability to describe graphs accurately in English is an essential academic skill for EFL learners, particularly in higher education contexts where students are required to interpret and communicate visual data. However, many learners still experience difficulties in producing grammatically accurate graph descriptions. This study aims to investigate the level of grammatical accuracy demonstrated by EFL learners in graph description tasks and identify the grammatical aspects that require further improvement. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, the research analyzed 30 samples of students’ written graph descriptions produced by undergraduate learners. The analysis focused on several grammatical aspects, including subject–verb agreement, tense consistency, article usage, sentence structure, prepositions, and punctuation. The findings reveal that students frequently struggle with subject–verb agreement and article usage, while punctuation errors occurred less frequently. The study highlights that grammatical accuracy remains an important challenge for EFL learners in academic writing tasks involving data interpretation. Therefore, it is recommended that grammar instruction be integrated more intensively into graph description activities in English classes. The findings are expected to contribute to the development of more effective teaching strategies in academic writing instruction for EFL learners.

The rapid digitalization in Indonesia, reaching 180 million active social media users, has not been accompanied by adequate security system resilience, thereby triggering massive data breach risks. This study aims to analyze the privacy navigation mechanisms of the digital society as an instrument for mitigating information leaks. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a literature study (library research) approach, which examines primary and secondary literature related to regulations, digital behavior, and user psychological factors. The research findings indicate that privacy navigation in the digital era has not operated optimally due to the dominance of social existence needs, which triggers the privacy paradox phenomenon. Although users possess knowledge regarding cyber risks, the desire for social validation through self-disclosure often overrides technical protection logic. The practice of using secondary accounts (second accounts) was found to be a form of manual navigation, yet its effectiveness remains dependent on individual digital literacy. The implications of this research emphasize that mitigating information leaks requires the integration of critical user awareness, platform governance transparency, and consistent law enforcement through the PDP Law. Digital awareness must transform into reflexive protective behavior to maintain informational sovereignty in cyberspace.  

Raining on the preparation of financial statements based on the Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small, and Medium Entities (SAK EMKM) for the management of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) is one of the community service programs aimed at improving the ability of BUMDes administrators in preparing financial statements in accordance with applicable accounting standards. In this activity, SAK EMKM serves as a guideline in preparing more transparent and accountable financial reports. This program is expected to provide a positive impact on village financial management while strengthening the performance of BUMDes in carrying out its role as a driver of the village economy. The activity was implemented through a practical approach involving BUMDes administrators directly. The training was complemented with simulations and case studies to help participants better understand the process of preparing financial statements based on SAK EMKM. In addition, this training also aimed to increase the awareness of BUMDes administrators regarding the importance of accountability and transparency in financial management as part of efforts to achieve good village governance.

The purpose of this final project is to describe efforts to improve the quality of buffet lunch dishes at the Aria Centra Hotel, Surabaya. This study uses theories from experts who study the improvement of the quality of buffet lunch dishes. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. This study uses interview and documentation techniques to support the qualitative approach. This study uses many data collection techniques used interviews and documentation. The focus of this study is to determine the improvement of the quality of breakfast menu dishes. The final results of this study indicate that the Aria Centra Hotel, Surabaya, has provided the quality of breakfast menu dishes according to the wishes of guests. The improvement in the quality of breakfast menu dishes is in accordance with the quality standards set by the chef team. The hotel industry in Surabaya is currently facing very competitive competition, so the Aria Centra Hotel, Surabaya, is required to continue to innovate and improve product quality to maintain guest loyalty. One of the superior services that is a meeting point for large guest interactions is the buffet lunch dish.

Gestational hypertension is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality in Indonesia. Non-pharmacological interventions such as lavender aromatherapy have gained attention as complementary therapies due to their natural properties and minimal side effects. This study aims to evaluate the effect of lavender aromatherapy on blood pressure among pregnant women with gestational hypertension. The research employed a quasi-experimental design using a one-group pretest-posttest approach. A total of 15 participants meeting the inclusion criteria received an intervention consisting of lavender aromatherapy inhalation for 10–15 minutes. The results showed a decrease in mean systolic blood pressure from 141.53 mmHg before the intervention to 139.27 mmHg after the intervention. However, the mean diastolic blood pressure slightly increased from 90.20 mmHg to 90.27 mmHg. The reduction in systolic pressure indicates a potential relaxation effect of lavender, likely mediated through parasympathetic nervous system stimulation. Although the change in diastolic pressure was minimal and not clinically significant, these findings support the use of lavender aromatherapy as a supportive approach in managing blood pressure in pregnant women with gestational hypertension. This complementary therapy is expected to enhance maternal healthcare, particularly in improving comfort and reducing stress during pregnancy.

This study aims to analyze the environmental impact of waste generated by the gecko processing home industry based on environmental law regulations in Indonesia. In its processing activities such as lizards and snakes. These activities produce organic waste in the form of animal organs, blood, body fluids, and other waste in the materials that are later utilized as catfish feed. The research method used is qualitative with a normative juridical approach, statutory approach, and literature study. Data were obtained from laws and regulations , scientific journal, and environmental law literature. The results of the study indicate that the disposal of waste into rivers can increase Biological Oxyen Demand and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) levels, cause unpleassant odors, and reduce water quality and public health. The utilization of waste as catfish feed can reduce the amount of waste disposed of, however, it still requires hygienic processing to prevent biological risks. From the perspective of environmental law, the direc disposal of the waste into rivers is not in accordance with Law No. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management and Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of Environmental Protection and Management. Therefore, better waste management is needed through proper waste treatment, increased awareness among business actors, and goverment supervision so that home industries can operate sustainably and in an environmentally friendly manner

This study aims to describe the role of the principal in implementing teacher performance appraisal and its impact on the quality of learning at TK Islam Al-A’raaf Gentan. The research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive design, in which data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The subjects of this study were the principal and teachers, focusing on the implementation of teacher performance appraisal and its follow-up processes. The findings indicate that the principal plays a strategic role in planning, implementing, and evaluating teacher performance appraisal through systematic academic supervision, including pre-observation, observation, and post-observation stages. The follow-up actions are carried out in a structured manner, ranging from guidance and warnings to rewards for high-performing teachers. The implementation of teacher performance appraisal has a positive impact on the quality of learning, such as improving teacher professionalism, creating active and engaging learning environments, and enhancing students’ motivation and learning outcomes. Therefore, the effective role of the principal in teacher performance appraisal is a crucial factor in improving educational quality.

This study discusses the reform of criminal law regarding acts of abuse of power within the Indonesian legal system. Abuse of power committed by public officials constitutes a serious violation of the rule of law and the principle of equality before the law because it can harm society and weaken public trust in the government. The old Criminal Code inherited from the colonial era was considered incapable of providing an optimal deterrent effect against perpetrators of abuse of authority. Therefore, the enactment of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the New Criminal Code became an important step in the reform of criminal law in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze criminal law reform policies in overcoming abuse of power and the effectiveness of their implementation in law enforcement. The results show that the new Criminal Code expands regulations regarding abuse of authority with stricter criminal sanctions and additional penalties in the form of revocation of office rights. However, its implementation still faces challenges such as political intervention, low integrity of law enforcement officials, and the potential overlap with the Corruption Eradication Law. Therefore, the success of criminal law reform requires the support of legal substance, legal structure, and legal culture that work in harmony.

Background: Digital transformation in arts education has introduced new paradigms in pedagogical tools, yet the specific role of artificial intelligence in fostering creativity within dance education remains under-explored. Objective: This study aims to analyze the contribution of AI Motion technology to enhancing the creative thinking skills of junior high school students in dance learning. Method: A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A total of 30 peer-reviewed articles published between 2023 and 2025 were selected from databases including Scopus, ScienceDirect, ERIC, Google Scholar, and Garuda. Data were analyzed using the qualitative descriptive framework of Miles and Huberman. Results: The findings demonstrate that AI Motion technology significantly improves movement accuracy by up to 41% and fosters four key dimensions of creativity: fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration. The technology provides real-time feedback and visualization, enabling students to transition from passive imitation to autonomous movement exploration. Conclusion: The integration of AI Motion is strategically aligned with the Indonesian Merdeka Curriculum, which emphasizes differentiated learning and 21st-century skills. However, successful implementation is contingent upon overcoming challenges related to teacher digital competency and infrastructure accessibility. This study provides a conceptual framework for modernizing arts pedagogy through AI-assisted creative exploration.

  Red dragon fruit contains bioactive compounds such as vitamin C, flavonoids, and polyphenols that have antioxidant potential and possess natural pigments that can be used as cosmetic colorants. This study aims to formulate and evaluate a blush-on powder preparation from dragon fruit pulp extract as an alternative natural colorant. The evaluation includes organoleptic testing, homogeneity, pH, irritation, spreadability, fineness, moisture content, and antioxidant activity. The results showed that the formulation met most of the requirements, exhibiting a pink color, a smooth texture, no odor, homogeneity, a pH of 6 suitable for the skin, no irritation, even spreadability within 4 applications, a fineness degree of 97.6%, and a moisture content of 6.91%. Antioxidant activity showed an IC₅₀ value of 0.3036 ppm (very strong), although the relative inhibition percentage was low (18.35%). Thus, dragon fruit extract has the potential as a natural ingredient in blush-on powder that provides both color and antioxidant benefits.