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This study aims to analyze the strategic relationship of human resource management (HRM) in improving the productivity and competitiveness of the Bakti Setia small-scale wooden furniture business. Small furniture enterprises play an important role in supporting regional economic growth and employment opportunities. However, many small businesses face challenges in human resource management, such as low workforce skills, lack of training, and minimal structured management systems. This research employed a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of HRM strategies, including recruitment, job training, motivation, work discipline, and reward systems, has a significant relationship with increased business productivity. In addition, good communication between business owners and employees also influences work effectiveness and the quality of the furniture products produced. This study concludes that effective human resource management strategies can enhance the sustainability of the Bakti Setia small-scale wooden furniture business.

Telemedicine is a technology-based healthcare innovation that can improve access and efficiency. The quality of service provided by human resources (HR) plays a crucial role in determining patient satisfaction. This study aims to analyze the influence of HR service quality on patient satisfaction among telemedicine users. The method used was a literature review using a qualitative descriptive approach through analysis of scientific articles from various databases published between 2020 and 2025. The results indicate that HR service quality significantly influences patient satisfaction, particularly through aspects of reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and effective communication. Patient satisfaction is also influenced by ease of access, time efficiency, and trust in the services provided. However, limitations such as the lack of in-person physical examinations remain a challenge in the implementation of telemedicine. Therefore, improving HR competency, particularly in digital communication and technology utilization, is essential to improving the quality of telemedicine services. Therefore, HR service quality is a key factor in increasing patient satisfaction and the successful development of digital healthcare services.

This study aims to determine the application of competitive Human Resource Management (HRM) to employee productivity at Angkringan Lestari Restaurant. Human resources are a crucial factor in the success of a business, particularly in the culinary industry, which relies heavily on service quality, work speed, discipline, and employee ability to serve customers. Competitive HRM implementation is achieved through improving employee performance, knowledge, skills, motivation, discipline, and assigning appropriate responsibilities to employees to optimally increase work productivity.The research method used was descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The study was conducted at Angkringan Lestari Restaurant, focusing on the application of HRM to support employee productivity. The results indicate that the implementation of competitive HRM positively impacts employee productivity. This is evident in improved service quality, punctuality, employee collaboration, and increased customer satisfaction with the service provided.Furthermore, work performance, knowledge, and skills are important factors in increasing employee productivity. However, several obstacles remain, such as limited job training and a lack of continuous competency development. Therefore, efforts are needed to improve the quality of human resources through training, work motivation, and skills development so that employee productivity can continue to increase and be able to compete competitively.

The Labor-Intensive Housing Program is one of the Surabaya City Government’s policies aimed at reducing poverty and unemployment through labor-intensive community empowerment. This study aims to describe and analyze the implementation of the Labor-Intensive Housing Program (RPK) at the Pitstop business unit in Lidah Kulon Village, Lakarsantri Subdistrict, Surabaya City. This study employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, utilizing Van Meter and Van’s policy implementation theory. Primary data were collected through interviews and observations, while secondary data were derived from official documents and relevant publications. The results showed that the implementation of the Pitstop Labor Intensive Housing Program has not yet been optimal. In terms of policy standards and objectives, the program’s goals have been clearly defined but have not yet been fully achieved. Regarding resources, the availability of facilities and funding is adequate, but there are still limitations in human resources, particularly skilled technicians in the automotive repair field. Inter organizational communication has taken place but has not been intensive enough to support business sustainability. Characteristics of the implementing agents indicate that the structure of the Labor-Intensive Housing team has been clearly defined; however, implementation in the field has not been optimal due to weak coordination and communication. Economic, social, and political conditions-such as a less-than-strategic business location and high competition from similar businesses-have also contributed to the low number of customers. Meanwhile, the disposition of the implementers demonstrates a positive attitude in supporting the Labor-Intensive Housing program. The Labor-Intensive Housing Program must be supported by professional mechanics through education, certification, and collaboration with the private sector and training institutions to ensure the quality of services. In addition, building public trust, coordination among stakeholders, and intensive support through monitoring and evaluation are key to the success and sustainability of the Labor-Intensive Housing Program.

This study aims to investigate the influence of Work Environment, Workload, and Leadership Style on Job Satisfaction among Non -Medical Employees at Daya Medika Clinic in West Jakarta. This study used a Likert-scale questionnaire and involved a sample of 43 employees using a non-probability sampling method and saturated sampling technique. The results of a multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS version 26 indicate that Work Environment has a positive and significant effect on Employee Job Satisfaction, Workload has no significant effect on Employee Job Satisfaction, while Leadership Style has a positive and significant effect on Employee Job Satisfaction. These findings provide insights for Daya Medika Clinic management in improving the quality of the work environment and implementing appropriate leadership styles to enhance employee job satisfaction. These findings have practical implications for improving employee performance and organizational effectiveness, and serve as a reference for further research in the field of human resource management.

Digital transformation has driven organizations to adopt the metaverse as a 3D virtual workspace that enables employee interaction through avatars, thereby introducing new challenges in managing organizational identity, work culture, and employee loyalty. This study aims to analyze the role of human resource leadership in establishing organizational identity, transforming work culture, and sustaining employee loyalty within a metaverse-based work environment. The study employs an integrative literature review approach by systematically collecting and synthesizing relevant scholarly sources from reputable publications within the last five years. The findings indicate that organizational identity in the metaverse is constructed through avatar representation and virtual environment design, while work culture undergoes a transformation toward flexible digital interaction patterns that still require reinforcement of organizational values. Furthermore, employee loyalty is influenced by the quality of virtual experiences and the effectiveness of leadership communication. In this context, digital-based HR leadership emerges as a critical factor in fostering employee engagement and trust in a non-physical interaction setting. This study contributes conceptually by integrating leadership, identity, culture, and loyalty within the metaverse framework, and provides practical implications for organizations in designing adaptive human resource management strategies in response to the advancement of immersive technologies.

Islamic education management in the contemporary era is no longer adequate if understood solely as an administrative activity, but must be built on a solid philosophical, ethical, and spiritual foundation. This article aims to analyze the concept of Islamic education management from the perspective of Al-Ghazali and Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas and examine the relevance of its implementation for contemporary Islamic education management. This study uses a qualitative approach with a library research type. Data were obtained from the primary works of both figures and various relevant secondary sources, then analyzed through a comparative-conceptual approach with qualitative content analysis techniques and hermeneutic reading. The results show that Al-Ghazali emphasizes the ethical-spiritual dimension of education through the integration of knowledge, charity, morals, and purification of the soul, while al-Attas emphasizes the epistemological-philosophical dimension through the concepts of ta'dib, adab, and the Islamic worldview. Both have a common ground in the view that Islamic education must be directed at the formation of knowledgeable, civilized, and moral human beings, and should not be reduced to a technical process with neutral value. In terms of implementation, this study synthesizes the thoughts of both figures relevant to strengthening education, leadership, curriculum and learning management, institutional culture formation, and holistic educational evaluation. Therefore, Islamic educational management is ideally built on a foundation of ethical-spiritual and epistemological-philosophical integration to ensure effective, valuable, and transcendental-oriented educational governance.

The accelerating global ecological crisis, manifested in deforestation, biodiversity collapse, and extreme climate change, fundamentally reflects a deep-rooted moral and spiritual deterioration within modern humanity. Islamic Religious Education (PAI) holds a unique strategic position to address this crisis by systematically integrating naturalistic intelligence, the eighth dimension of Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences theory, into the character formation process of students. This qualitative library research employs content analysis and conceptual analysis techniques applied to relevant primary and secondary academic sources published between 2019 and 2026. The study pursues three objectives: (1) to examine the conceptual and theological foundations of naturalistic intelligence within the Islamic educational framework; (2) to identify the reciprocal relationship patterns between naturalistic intelligence and the formation of religious-ecological character in students; and (3) to formulate integrative Islamic education management strategies for optimizing naturalistic intelligence. Findings reveal that naturalistic intelligence possesses robust theological grounding in Islamic tradition, anchored in the concepts of tafakkur, ayat kauniyah, khalifatullah fil ardh, and scientia sacra, none of which are peripheral but rather central to the Islamic worldview. The relationship between naturalistic intelligence and religious-ecological character is bidirectional and mutually reinforcing, operating through three sequential pathways: from naturalistic intelligence to theological consciousness, from theological consciousness to intrinsic ecological motivation, and from intrinsic motivation to consistent religious-ecological behavior. Islamic education management can optimize naturalistic intelligence development through four strategic pillars: reconstruction of the PAI curriculum based on ayat kauniyah, development of innovative eco-theological pedagogy, construction of an eco-conscious school culture, and strengthening of school-family-community partnerships. This study advances the concept of "Spiritual Eco-Literacy" as an original paradigmatic contribution to 21st-century Islamic education.

The era of digital disruption has brought significant moral and spiritual challenges for young people in their use of social media. This study aims to analyze the implementation of Christian ethics education in social media use among youth at the GWI Wesleyan Methodist Congregation of Tanjung Selamat as an effort to develop digital character grounded in Christian values. The study employed a community service approach using participatory methods through pre-tests, post-tests, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), reflective discussions, and digital literacy practices. The theological foundation of this study is based on Wesleyan social ethics, which emphasizes the integration of personal holiness and social holiness in digital life. The educational program also integrated the four pillars of digital literacy, digital skills, digital culture, digital ethics, and digital safety, into a contextual Christian Religious Education framework. The findings indicate a significant improvement in digital literacy understanding, ethical awareness, critical thinking toward digital information, and behavioral transformation in the responsible and value-based use of social media according to Christian principles. This transformation was reflected in increased awareness of digital footprints, stronger personal account security, the removal of negative content, and participants’ initiatives to create spiritual and educational content on social media. The study concludes that Christian ethics education based on digital literacy can serve as an effective means of moral and social transformation for young people while highlighting the strategic role of the church in shaping a humane, peaceful, and Kingdom of God-oriented digital character in the digital era.

Children in Tambak Osowilangun Village have high access to digital technology, but their digital financial literacy remains very low. Technology is generally used only for entertainment and social media without an understanding of its economic value. This condition is exacerbated by limited supervision from parents, the majority of whom work in the industrial sector, leaving children vulnerable to uncontrolled consumer behavior online. This community service activity aims to equip children in Tambak Osowilangun Village with a basic understanding of modern economics. The main focus is to improve their ability to manage their finances wisely, introduce the concept of digital savings, and develop critical thinking skills so they can distinguish between needs and wants in the technology era. The program uses the Participatory Action Research (PAR) method, which involves the active participation of children through a spiral of stages: planning, action, observation, and reflection. Data was collected through participant observation to monitor the learning dynamics of participants during the educational sessions. The implementation of the activity showed a significant increase in participants' financial understanding. Children became more aware of the risks of digital fraud and began to understand how financial applications work. Through interactive discussion sessions, high enthusiasm was generated, shifting the children's mindset from mere entertainment users to financially savvy technology users. The synergy between students and the community has succeeded in fostering a disciplined and responsible economic character in the young generation in the village.

Restorative Justice in the Perspective of Modern Criminal Law: Challenges and Regulatory Reforms in Indonesia by a retributive approach that emphasizes punishing the offender as a form of retribution. However, this approach is considered unable to provide comprehensive justice, especially for the victims, and is not effective in resolving the social conflicts caused by criminal acts. Therefore, the concept of restorative justice has emerged as a new paradigm that emphasizes the restoration of victim losses, the responsibility of the perpetrator, and community involvement in the resolution of cases. This research aims to analyze the concept and theoretical foundations of restorative justice, its implementation in the criminal justice system in Indonesia, as well as the challenges and the need for regulatory renewal. The research method used is normative legal research with a legislative and conceptual approach, supported by secondary data as the main source. The research results show that restorative justice has been regulated in various sectoral regulations, such as Police Regulation Number 8 of 2021, Attorney General Regulation Number 15 of 2020, Law Number 11 of 2012, and Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2024. However, the regulations are still partial and not integrated into a comprehensive legal framework, leading to differences in understanding and application among law enforcement officials. Therefore, the establishment of a specific law on restorative justice is necessary to ensure legal certainty, uniform application, and to create a more humane, just, and recovery-oriented criminal justice system.

This study was motivated by the gap between employee performance evaluations and the quality of health services at Dr. Adnaan WD Payakumbuh Regional General Hospital. Although the majority of employees received a “Good” performance rating through the e-Kinerja system and SKP, the public still complained about slow service, long lines, a lack of empathy among staff, and poor coordination between units. This study aims to analyze the implementation of performance management in relation to improvements in employee performance and the quality of healthcare services. The research method employs a descriptive qualitative approach, utilizing data collection techniques such as in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation involving hospital management, medical and non-medical staff, as well as patients. Data analysis utilizes the Miles and Huberman model through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results indicate that the implementation of performance management is not yet optimal because it remains administratively oriented and has not been integrated with service quality. Issues were identified in the areas of human resources, facilities, coordination, supervision, as well as low levels of empathy and service responsiveness. The study concludes that the performance management system does not yet fully support improvements in the quality of healthcare services; therefore, an evaluation based on service outcomes and patient satisfaction is required.

PT Bank Pembangunan Daerah Jawa Timur Tbk (“Bank Jatim”) is a regional-owned company engaged in banking. The main activity of this company is to collect and channel funds and provide other banking services to all customers in the East Java region.  With the tagline "Yang Terbaik Untuk Anda", Bank Jatim maximizes the best potential ranging from services to the provision of products that continue to be developed and created technology-based to achieve BPD Regional Champion. It will not be achieved without the role of optimal human resources. The purpose of this study was to test and analyze the effect of employee empowerment on employee engagement through job satisfaction in employees of the corporate secretary division of Bank Jatim Surabaya Head Office. Where the employee empowerment variable has four indicators, the four of which will be studied, namely sense of meaning, sense of competence, self determination, impact. This research is causality research with a quantitative approach. Sampling technique used saturated samples with a total of 37 respondents in the corporate secretary division of Bank Jatim Surabaya Head Office. The statistical analysis used in this research is partial least square (PLS) with the help of smartPLS 3.0 software. The results of this study explain that employee empowerment has a positive and significant effect on employee engagement, employee empowerment has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. Job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on employee engagement. Job satisfaction is able to mediate the relationship between employee empowerment and employee engagement.

This study aims to reflect on the theological meaning of natural disasters in Sumatra (Aceh, Simeulue, Padang) from an ecological perspective. Although Sumatra is geologically prone to earthquakes and tectonic activities due to its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire, hydrometeorological disasters such as floods and landslides are exacerbated by human actions, including deforestation, watershed degradation, and uncontrolled land conversion. This research employs a qualitative-descriptive approach using library research and a theological-reflective method. Primary sources include Sacred Scripture, Church documents (Laudato Si', Gaudium et Spes, General Directory for Catechesis), and relevant ecological theology literature. The findings indicate that natural disasters in Sumatra can be interpreted as "signs of the times" revealing both ecological and moral crises. Disasters are not divine punishment but consequences of humanity's misuse of freedom in managing creation. Ecological conversion is urgently needed at personal, social, and structural levels. Within the catechetical framework, disaster experiences become "texts of life" that guide the faithful toward mature faith expressed in lifestyle changes, solidarity, and responsibility for our common home.

This study aims to examine Deuteronomy 22:13-30 using a hermeneutic approach and relate it to the current level of awareness of early marriage among Christian congregations. The method used was a qualitative literature study, with the Bible as the primary source, supplemented by various related theological literature. The results indicate that this section of the text contains important theological values, such as holiness, justice, responsibility, and respect for human dignity, especially women, in the context of marriage. Although this text originates from the patriarchal culture of ancient Israel, its principles remain relevant in today's context. Regarding the phenomenon of early marriage, it was found that this practice often occurs without adequate preparation, whether emotional, spiritual, or economic, and thus risks causing various problems in the household. Therefore, the church has a responsibility to raise congregational awareness through faith formation, premarital education, and contextual pastoral care. This study confirms that marriage is a life calling that requires maturity and serious commitment, not simply a solution to social problems.

This study examines the anthropomorphic expression “the LORD came down to see” in Genesis 11:5 through an integrated historical–grammatical exegetical approach. The main objective is to analyze the lexical meaning, grammatical structure, historical context, and theological implications of the phrase within the framework of Old Testament theology. The research employs a qualitative library method, focusing on the Hebrew text supported by lexicons, commentaries, and Ancient Near Eastern studies. The findings indicate that the verb יָרַד (yārad) does not merely denote a spatial descent but signifies divine intervention, while רָאָה (rāʾāh) conveys evaluative and judicial observation. Grammatically, the use of the wayyiqtol form followed by an infinitive construct emphasizes intentional and purposeful divine action. Historically, the expression functions polemically against Mesopotamian religious concepts, particularly the idea of ziggurats as places where deities descend. Theologically, this anthropomorphic language serves as a medium to articulate the dynamic relationship between divine transcendence and immanence. Therefore, the phrase should not be understood literally but as a theological construct that communicates God’s active involvement and sovereign authority in human history.

The research in this paper aims to explore the concepts and principles of the educational environment from the perspective of the Qur'an and Hadith using a tafsir tarbawi (educational exegesis) approach. The developmental dynamics of human potential, both spiritual and intellectual, do not occur in a vacuum but are heavily influenced by environmental factors (educational ecology). By employing textual, thematic, and contextual analysis methods on several key verses such as QS. Al-Alaq: 1-5, QS. At-Tahrim: 6, QS. Luqman: 13-19, QS. Al-Kahfi: 66-70, and QS. Al-Hujurat: 13 this study maps the Islamic educational ecosystem into several primary domains. The results of the analysis indicate that the Qur'an constructs the educational environment as an integrative macro-systemic unity, comprising the domestic family environment (as a fortress for moral and creedal protection), the formal academic school/pesantren environment (as a space for teacher-student etiquette and ethics), and the socio-communal environment (as an arena for egalitarian multicultural inclusivity). Furthermore, this study formulates five fundamental paradigms of Islamic educational ecology: the integralistic, tawhid (monotheistic), humanistic-egalitarian, gradual-systemic, and transformational-emancipatory paradigms. This theoretical reconstruction corrects Western secular empiricism while simultaneously providing a holistic foundation for educators in managing an educational environment that aligns with divine revelation values and the demands of modern civilization.

This research reconstructs the concept of the ideal human being in Aristotelian philosophy and formulates its implications for contemporary character education. The study is grounded in modern educational challenges that require not only intellectual mastery but also the cultivation of complete character based on virtue. Using library research with a hermeneutic approach, this study critically interprets Aristotle’s key concepts, particularly eudaimonia, phronesis, and virtue ethics, and contextualizes them within current educational needs. Data were collected from relevant primary and secondary literature and analyzed through thematic and conceptual analysis to identify the relationship between Aristotelian ideas and character education. The findings show that the ideal human being, according to Aristotle, is one who achieves eudaimonia through the balanced development of moral and intellectual virtues, guided by phronesis as practical wisdom. Education is therefore understood as a gradual process of character formation through habituation, experience, role modeling, reflection, and ethical deliberation. This study proposes five strategies for Aristotelian character education: virtue habituation, experiential learning, educator role modeling, ethical deliberation, and context-based integral education. The study contributes a virtue-based educational model that emphasizes wisdom, responsibility, virtue, and the realization of the good life within society.

This study examines the eschatological. Dimensions present in the encyclical Laudato Si’ and their implications for ecological responsibility within the Christian faith. The increasing global ecological crisis necessitates a serious theological reflection capable of grounding believers’ engagement with environmental issues in their faith convictions. Eschatology, as the doctrinal framework concerning ultimate realities, addresses not merely the end of individual human existence but, more profoundly, the hope for the renewal and transformation of all creation in God. The research employs a qualitative method with a library research approach, drawing primarily on ecclesiastical documents, Sacred Scripture, and relevant theological literature. The findings demonstrate that Laudato Si’ integrates a robust eschatological vision, wherein the promise of “a new heaven and a new earth” constitutes the theological foundation for human responsibility toward creation. Contrary to interpretations that treat eschatological hope as a rationale for passivity or disengagement from the world, Laudato Si’ affirms that such hope actively motivates believers to participate in the care and preservation of the environment as an integral expression of their faith calling. This study concludes that eschatology possesses genuine practical relevance for everyday Christian life, particularly in cultivating ecological awareness. Faith in the ultimate fulfillment of God’s salvific plan, far from diminishing present-day responsibilities, intensifies the moral obligation to treat the earth as a “common home” entrusted to humanity.

This study discusses the dialogue between Christian faith and Karl Marx’s atheism as well as its relevance to the lives of contemporary Christians. The rise of atheism in modern society is closely related to secularization, scientific progress, social inequality, and criticism of religious institutions that are considered unable to answer humanitarian problems. Karl Marx viewed religion as an ideological instrument that often legitimized oppression and alienated humans from their true existence. Through his famous statement that “religion is the opium of the people,” Marx criticized forms of religiosity that merely comfort human suffering without striving for social liberation. This research employs a qualitative method with a literature review approach by examining various philosophical, theological, and social sources related to Marx’s atheism and the Catholic Church’s teachings. The findings reveal that Marx’s criticism of religion should not merely be understood as a rejection of God, but also as a moral challenge for the Church to continuously renew itself in carrying out its mission amid social realities. In response, the Catholic Church, especially through the teachings of the Second Vatican Council, views atheism not only as a doctrinal challenge but also as an opportunity for dialogue and self-reflection. The study concludes that authentic Christian faith is not an escape from worldly realities but a spiritual force that encourages believers to uphold justice, solidarity, and human dignity. Therefore, Marx’s criticism can become a reflective instrument for Christians to embody a more contextual, humanistic, and socially engaged faith in the modern world.