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Forensic entomology is a branch of forensic science that utilizes insects and other arthropods as biological indicators in death investigations. This discipline plays a crucial role, particularly in cases of advanced decomposition, where conventional forensic methods often face limitations. One of the key contributions of forensic entomology is estimating the post-mortem interval (IPM), or time since death, which can assist investigators in reconstructing the chronology of events. Furthermore, entomological analysis can provide information regarding the location of death, possible movement of the body, and environmental conditions surrounding the crime scene. Common approaches include analyzing insect succession patterns that appear according to the stages of decomposition of the body and determining the age of larvae based on their developmental stage and growth rate. Environmental factors, particularly temperature, humidity, and microhabitat conditions, significantly influence insect development and therefore must be carefully considered in the analysis. This literature review aims to discuss the basic concepts, functions, and role of forensic entomology in law enforcement. Furthermore, this review emphasizes the importance of accurate insect species identification to improve the validity and reliability of the resulting time-of-death estimates.

This study aims to describe the social values ​​contained in the novel Warung Bujang by Jessica Carmelia. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a sociology of literature approach. The research data are in the form of words, sentences, dialogues, and paragraphs containing social values ​​in the novel. The main data source is the novel Warung Bujang by Jessica Carmelia, published in 2023. Data collection techniques were carried out through thorough reading, recording, and classifying data relevant to the research focus. Data analysis techniques were carried out by identifying, describing, interpreting, and concluding social values ​​based on Zubaedi's theory. The results of the study show that the novel Warung Bujang contains various social values, namely the values ​​of family, loyalty, mutual assistance, cooperation, caring, responsibility, justice, tolerance, and empathy. These values ​​are reflected through the behavior of the characters, conflicts, and social interactions that depict community life realistically. Thus, the novel Warung Bujang functions not only as a work of entertainment literature, but also as a means of learning social values ​​relevant to community life.

The training on computer network cabling conducted in schools serves not only to enhance students’ technical competencies but also functions as a strategic medium for developing collaborative attitudes, technological independence, and religious social harmony. Based on the community service activities carried out at SMA Negeri 3 Kota Sorong, the training integrated LAN cabling practice, the introduction of network devices, and guided sessions through observation, socialization, practicum, and evaluation. Throughout these stages, students gained direct experience in crimping, attaching RJ-45 connectors, testing cables with LAN testers, and simulating network configurations, which collectively strengthened their technical mastery. From the perspective of the sociology of religion, the training created a shared learning environment where students of diverse religious backgrounds collaborated equally in completing collective technical tasks. Values such as mutual respect, cooperation across differences, and social solidarity were visibly demonstrated as students helped one another in solving cabling-related challenges. Evaluation results indicate that participants became more independent in completing technical tasks and more open in communicating and interacting with peers of different beliefs. These findings emphasize that technology training can serve as a constructive medium for fostering religious social harmony and character building through practical experiences and meaningful social interaction.

This study is focused on the use of discourse markers in Donald Trmpu’s rally victory speech. The purposes of this study are to find out the types of discourse markers used during the speech and the functions by using Fraser’s theory (2009) to examine the types of discourse markers and Schiffrin’s theory (1987) to analyze their functions. In this study, the data used are words and phrases from the utterances uttered by Donald Trimp which included to discourse markers. Therefore, the researcher used qualitative research method to analyze this topic. The reearcher also used data analysis technique from Miles, Huberman, and Saldana (2014). In conclusion, the researcher found all types of discourse markers used by Donald Trump on his rally victory speech. There are 227 data included in the discourse markers. Among them are 54 contrastive discourse marker, 148 elaborative discourse markers, 20 inferential discourse markers, and 5 temporal discourse markers. Elaborative Discourse Markers are dominant used by Donald Trump. Based on the functions, the writer found that from 5 functions of discourse markers. There are Marker of Response, Marker of Connectives, Marker of Cause and Effect, and Marker of Information and Partiipation.

Learning is an activity to educate students at school which aims to make science acceptable and well understood. Through the learning process, students are expected to experience positive changes, both in terms of knowledge, attitudes, and skills. One of the learning processes that has a great influence on the lives of students is learning Indonesian. Learning Indonesian is very important because it functions as the main means of communication in daily life, both orally and in writing. With good Indonesian language skills, students will find it easier to express ideas, understand information, and interact effectively with the surrounding environment. Therefore, Indonesian learning in elementary schools must be designed in a systematic, interesting, and in accordance with the characteristics of students. In addition to clear goals, appropriate strategies and solutions are also needed to overcome various difficulties that arise, such as low interest in learning, limited vocabulary, and lack of reading and writing comprehension. These efforts are expected to be able to improve the quality of Indonesian learning optimally.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of the SOSEK MALINDO (Malaysian-Indonesian Socio-Economic) regional collaboration program in addressing human trafficking, coordinated by the Regional Border Management Agency (BPPD) of the Riau Islands Province (Kepri). The Riau Islands Province, which borders Malaysia and Singapore, is a strategic entry point vulnerable to transnational crimes, including human trafficking. The main factors driving the people of Kepri to choose illegal routes to become Indonesian Migrant Workers (TKI) to Malaysia are economic pressure, limited job opportunities, attractive promises from brokers (tekong), complex and expensive official bureaucracy, and a lack of accurate information about official procedures. This situation is exploited by human trafficking networks through hidden routes, illegal ports, and methods of illegal labor and sexual exploitation. Although SOSEK MALINDO aims to improve the socio-economic welfare of communities in border areas and indirectly functions to reduce vulnerability to human trafficking, this program does not specifically make human trafficking its main focus. The BPPD plays a very important role as a liaison in cooperation with the Indonesian National Police, Immigration, and BP3MI for prevention and supervision. However, the BPPD faces challenges such as limited funding, overlapping authority between institutions, and a lack of accurate data on human trafficking. Strategic recommendations include making human trafficking a primary focus of the SOSEK MALINDO forum agenda, establishing a dedicated cross-border human trafficking task force, strengthening the BPPD's role in coordination and information gathering, and involving local communities, NGOs, and international organizations in mitigation efforts.

In the contemporary era,many people have yet to fully comprehend or internalize the spiritual and social dimensions of prayer (shalat). As a result, shalat is often carried out merely as a routine obligation without deep reflection on its true purpose. In fact, shalat plays a significant role in shaping personal character and social behavior. This study employs a literature review approach by examining various sources, including books, academic journals, and educational articles that discuss the concept and significance of shalat as an act of worship. The findings indicate that a profound understanding of the inner meanings of shalat can foster self-awareness, self-control, and discipline. These values strongly contribute to the development of moral and ethical character. Furthermore, shalat reflects collective religiosity through its practices and procedures, symbolizing spiritual purification, reverence for God, and awareness of human limitations. Congregational prayer further emphasizes principles of unity, brotherhood, and equality, regardless of social status or background. In addition, shalat functions as a moral safeguard that prevents individuals from engaging in immoral and harmful actions. Therefore, shalat plays a crucial role not only in strengthening spiritual devotion but also in maintaining personal integrity and social harmony.

Creative technology is the result of the convergence between human creativity and digital innovation that significantly changes the way industries operate. This journal discusses the definition of creative technology, its important role in supporting the development of the digital economy, and the challenges that arise in the implementation process. The research methodology uses a literature study of the latest technological trends, such as artificial intelligence (AI), augmented reality/virtual reality (AR/VR), and digital design. The results of the study show that the integration between technology and creativity is a key factor in increasing competitiveness in the future. Creative technology not only functions as a means of production, but also as a medium of innovation that is able to create added value, expand business opportunities, and encourage digital transformation in various sectors. However, the challenges faced include limited human resources, digital infrastructure readiness, and ethical and regulatory issues. Therefore, creative technology development strategies need to be directed at increasing digital literacy, cross-sector collaboration, and policies that support sustainable innovation.

This study aims to conduct a pilot evaluation of employee performance in the Raw Material Warehouse Section at PT. IKPP Serang Mill using a checklist-based performance appraisal model. Performance evaluation is a crucial aspect in ensuring the smooth operation of raw material warehouses, which involve a high level of occupational risk and have a direct impact on the continuity of the production process. The checklist method is applied because it integrates quantitative assessment through scoring results with qualitative evaluation in the form of behavioral feedback. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach supported by quantitative data obtained from performance assessments of ten employees holding various positions, including forklift operators, checkers, shift administrators, and shift supervisors. The results indicate that employee performance falls within a diverse spectrum, categorized as “performance” and “need to improve,” influenced by compliance with standard operating procedures (SOPs), work discipline, communication, and awareness of occupational health and safety (OHS). The findings also demonstrate that the checklist-based model is effective in identifying performance gaps and serves as a basis for formulating improvement actions such as coaching, OHS training, promotions, and administrative sanctions. This study concludes that the checklist model functions not only as an administrative evaluation tool but also as a strategic instrument for human resource development and sustainable organizational performance improvement.

Islamic education in Indonesia plays a strategic role in shaping students’ religious character as well as their national identity, and therefore cannot be separated from the ideological foundations of Pancasila and the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). Islamic education functions not only as a means of transmitting religious values, but also as a medium for internalizing national ideology in line with the goals of national education. This study aims to analyze the ideological foundations of Islamic education based on the values of tauhid, Pancasila, and NKRI, as well as to examine their relevance to national education policies and curricula. This research employs a qualitative approach using a library research design. The data were obtained from secondary sources, including scholarly books, journal articles, education policy documents, and relevant legislation. Data collection was conducted through documentation studies, while data analysis applied a descriptive-analytical method to systematically examine the interrelationships among concepts. The findings indicate that the ideological values of Pancasila are substantively aligned with Islamic teachings, particularly in the aspects of divinity, humanity, unity, deliberation, and social justice. Within the framework of NKRI, Islamic education contributes significantly to the formation of religious-nationalist character and the strengthening of national integration. The integration of Pancasila values, religious moderation, and Islam rahmatan lil ‘alamin into national education policies and curricula, particularly through the Merdeka Curriculum and the Pancasila Student Profile, reflects a systematic effort to develop Islamic education that is adaptive and contextual. The implications of this study emphasize that strengthening the ideological foundations of Islamic education is a crucial prerequisite for producing learners who are faithful, knowledgeable, morally upright, and responsible citizens of Indonesia.

The strengthening of the Secretariat apparatus of the Regional Representative Council (DPRD) is a strategic issue in the governance of legislative administration at the regional level in Indonesia. However, studies on the DPRD Secretariat remain relatively limited and tend to emphasize structural and regulatory aspects, without comprehensively addressing institutional dynamics. This study aims to strengthen the DPRD Secretariat apparatus through an institutionalist perspective, using the Institutional Three Pillars Theory framework proposed by W. Richard Scott. This study is a conceptual paper developed through a narrative literature review approach, examining both classical and contemporary literature in the fields of institutionalism and public administration. The analysis focuses on how the regulatory, normative, and cognitive pillars interact to shape the institutional practices of the DPRD Secretariat as an institution supporting the legislative, budgeting, and oversight functions at the regional level. The study's findings show that the strengthening of the DPRD Secretariat apparatus cannot be understood solely as a consequence of formal regulation, but rather as an institutional process involving a balance between legal rules, professional values and norms, and collective meaning-making regarding the role and institutional identity. This study is not intended to empirically assess performance but offers a conceptual framework that can be used to understand the dynamics of regional legislative administration more holistically. Theoretically, this research contributes to enriching institutionalism studies in public administration by positioning the DPRD Secretariat as a complex and contextual institution. The conceptual framework offered is expected to serve as a reference for future empirical research and conceptual reflection for strengthening legislative administration institutions in Indonesia.

Pemda Road in Kapur Village, Sungai Raya District, Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan is a district road that functions as an alternative route connecting Tanjung Raya II Road and Kapur Village Main Road. Along with increasing traffic loads and limited maintenance, this road section has experienced various surface pavement distresses that reduce driving comfort and compromise road safety. This paper seeks to detect the types and severity levels of pavement damage and to determine appropriate preservation actions using the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) method. The research method involved a visual field survey by dividing the road into several segments, identifying damage types and severity levels, calculating PCI values, and determining suitable preservation measures based on the Asphalt Institute MS-17 guidelines. The results indicate that the flexible pavement section has a PCI value of 21.643, classified as very poor, with dominant damages consisting of potholes and edge cracking. Meanwhile, the rigid pavement section shows a PCI value of 94.960, which falls into the excellent category. The results of this research are anticipated to facilitate decision-making in determining maintenance priorities and road preservation strategies to improve pavement performance and extend service life.

PT. XYZ faces administrative challenges in implementing the Contractor Safety Management System (CSMS), which has been managed manually from risk assessment and pre-qualification to contractor selection resulting in validation delays, document duplication, and limited monitoring. This study aims to: (1) identify the constraints of the manual CSMS at PT. XYZ; (2) design an electronic-CSMS (e-CSMS) application tailored to internal user needs; (3) analyze the contribution of e-CSMS to document management effectiveness; and (4) evaluate the design's alignment with the Occupational Health and Safety Management System (SMK3) principles as per Government Regulation No. 50 of 2012. The method employed is Research and Development (preliminary stage) using a descriptive qualitative approach through interviews, observations, and document studies. The design results include: (i) a unified digital form integrating procurement data input, risk assessment entries (severity and probability), and document upload and assessment for pre-qualification/selection in a single workflow; (ii) a monitoring dashboard with filtering and export functions; and (iii) internal access settings within PT. XYZ's HSSE portal. Functionally, this design addresses the main bottlenecks of the manual process by creating a more concise, structured, and documented verification workflow, thereby making document management more efficient and traceable. In terms of compliance, e-CSMS supports the implementation of SMK3 elements in the administrative domain of policy establishment, planning, and execution of OHS plans through consistent recording and verification mechanisms. Development recommendations include expansion to field implementation phases, automation of risk-level calculations, and an option for preliminary data entry by contractors with final verification remaining with the internal team.

This study examines the role of the General Affairs (GA) Division in ensuring the effectiveness of administrative processes and facility management at PT. Panorama Indah Permai (Saloka Theme Park). The research was conducted during an internship program from September to December 2025, during which the researcher was directly involved in daily operational activities. Using a descriptive qualitative method, data were obtained through direct observation, administrative document analysis, and informal interviews with GA personnel. The results show that the GA Division functions as a critical support unit responsible for logistics management, documentation control, meeting room preparation, and operational vehicle administration. Several challenges were identified, including inconsistencies in documentation, high workload during peak operations, and limited digital integration. Despite these challenges, the GA Division plays a central role in coordinating with other departments to maintain workflow continuity. This study reinforces the relevance of operations management, office administration, facility management, and organizational communication theories in practical workplace settings. The findings imply that improving digital administrative systems, enhancing coordination mechanisms, and standardizing procedures could significantly strengthen GA performance and overall organizational efficiency.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the internal control system in the Personnel Division of PT Sendang Derma Pesona in supporting effective, efficient, and well-governed human resource management. The background of this research is based on the importance of internal control systems in preventing administrative errors, reducing the risk of fraud, and ensuring compliance with labor regulations, particularly in personnel and payroll functions. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using an operational audit method. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and document observation covering recruitment procedures, personnel data management, employee transfers, authorization processes, as well as payroll and bank reconciliation procedures. The results indicate that, in general, the internal control system in the Personnel Division has been implemented adequately, as reflected by complete personnel documentation and multi-level authorization in decision-making processes. However, several weaknesses were identified, including the lack of proper segregation of duties between payroll preparation and salary payment, the absence of regular bank reconciliation, and the continued use of manual personnel archive management. These weaknesses indicate that the internal control system still needs to be strengthened to minimize the risk of errors and improve the efficiency of personnel administration. The findings of this study are expected to provide practical implications for management in improving internal control policies and procedures to support better corporate governance and sustainable organizational performance.

This study examines sarcastic utterances by netizens on TikTok during the 2024 Gorontalo Regional Election, focusing on their forms, functions, and influencing factors. The research analyzed comments on TikTok videos related to the election, specifically those containing sarcasm, selected purposively. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the study categorized sarcastic utterances into four forms: (1) action sarcasm, (2) trait sarcasm, (3) result-of-action sarcasm, and (4) advisory sarcasm. The functions of these utterances include expressing opinions, prohibition, information, emphasis, rejection, commands, and statements. The study also identified two main factors influencing the use of sarcasm: emotional outbursts and disappointment toward the candidate pairs. The findings suggest that sarcasm is employed as a medium for expressing attitudes, emotions, and political judgments in digital discourse. This research highlights the role of sarcastic speech acts in the political conversation on social media during election campaigns.

API abuse on lightweight edge gateways has intensified as microservice-based services expose many REST endpoints to heterogeneous clients. Conventional per-identity rate limiting, such as static token buckets, is frequently bypassed through distributed bots and identity rotation, while legitimate burst traffic may be rejected and degrade user experience. This study proposes Adaptive Rate Limiting with Verifiable Delay Functions (ARL-VDF), which couples a lightweight risk score with selective VDF challenges to impose a tunable sequential-computation cost on suspicious clients without forcing aggressive dropping for low-risk users. The gateway continuously derives a per-identity risk score from short-window request rate, error tendency, and identity freshness, then maps the score to a target delay bounded by  and . Evaluation uses a 600-second discrete-event simulation on a mixed workload consisting of normal clients, legitimate bursts, and distributed attackers. Compared with a static token bucket baseline, ARL-VDF maintains full success for legitimate traffic, reduces attacker throughput that passes the gateway, and keeps verification overhead within a fixed budget on the edge device. The results indicate that combining adaptive control with verifiable sequential cost can improve availability and fairness on resource-constrained edge gateways without resorting to aggressive dropping.

This study aims to examine the activity of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on metabolism and digestion through a laboratory experimental approach. Metabolism and the digestive system play a crucial role in maintaining physiological balance, and disturbances in these systems can affect nutrient utilization and overall health. Ginger has long been used as a traditional herbal remedy and is known to contain bioactive compounds such as gingerol, shogaol, and zingerone, which are believed to support digestive and metabolic functions. The research was conducted using ginger extract prepared through an extraction process under controlled laboratory conditions. Observations focused on changes in metabolic responses and digestive activity following the administration of ginger extract. The study employed a descriptive experimental design to provide an objective overview of ginger’s biological activity. The results indicated a gradual improvement in digestive activity and metabolic responses after treatment with ginger extract. These changes suggest that ginger extract has the potential to enhance digestive efficiency and support metabolic processes. The findings provide scientific support for the traditional use of ginger as a natural ingredient in maintaining metabolic and digestive health and may serve as a preliminary reference for further research using quantitative and clinical approaches.

Thaharah represents a core principle within Islamic teachings, encompasses both bodily cleanliness and spiritual sanctity, and functions as an essential requirement for the proper observance of acts of worship, including prayer, tawaf, and the recitation of the Qur’an. This concept extends beyond ritual practice, reflecting a manifestation of faith that encourages Muslims to maintain personal hygiene, environmental cleanliness, and spiritual closeness to Allah SWT. This study aims to explore and critically examine the concept of thaharah in a comprehensive manner, clarify its role within Islamic religious practices, and assess its relevance in fostering clean lifestyle behaviors and appropriate worship practices in accordance with Islamic legal principles in contemporary society. Conceptually, thaharah is divided into two main forms: purification from ritual impurity (hadas) through ablution (wudu), ritual bathing (ghusl), or dry purification (tayammum), and purification from physical impurities (najis) by cleansing the body, clothing, and surrounding environment. The normative foundation of thaharah is reinforced by textual evidence, including Surah Al-Ma’idah verse 6 and prophetic traditions that emphasize cleanliness as an integral part of faith. Thus, thaharah offers a holistic perspective on cleanliness that integrates both worldly and spiritual dimensions of Muslim life.  

This article proposes Marketing 0.0 as a fundamental conceptual repositioning of marketing theory rooted in the Trust Economy framework. Unlike mainstream marketing theory, which positions trust as an outcome of communication, persuasion, or brand reputation, cross-disciplinary studies in economics, sociology, and neuroscience suggest that trust functions as a pre-decisional condition that precedes market exchange. This research employs a conceptual-theoretical methodology, synthesizing transaction cost theory, social capital, neuroeconomics, and contemporary trust literature. The article's primary contribution is formalizing the shift in trust's position from a dependent variable to an ontological gateway in marketing decision-making. Marketing 0.0 is positioned not as a stage in marketing evolution, but rather as a conceptual ground zero that enables continuous tactical adaptation without reliance on pseudo-novelty. The article concludes with theoretical and practical implications for the development of marketing science in an era of uncertainty and information saturation.