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This research investigates safety and health in the work environment of development projects in North Sumatra with a focus on PT Indomaret as a case study. The research method used involves a qualitative approach and literature analysis. Through in-depth interviews and field observations, key challenges were identified including lack of awareness and compliance with work safety procedures as well as the need for skills training. Environmental and technical factors, such as weather conditions and the selection of equipment that meets safety standards, also influence the level of risk. However, effective safety management practices, such as regular meetings and periodic inspections, were also found. The implications of this research emphasize the importance of increasing awareness, selecting appropriate equipment, and effective management practices to create a safe and healthy work environment. Recommendations include implementing regular training, careful risk evaluation, and maintaining effective management practices. This research provides valuable insights for practitioners and researchers in efforts to improve safety and health in the work environment of development projects in North Sumatra.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, with Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the causative agent. The emergence of drug-resistant forms, such as Multi-drug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and Extensive-drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB), poses substantial challenges in TB management. This study focuses on analyzing the cost variations associated with laboratory examinations for MDR-TB and XDR-TB patients undergoing treatment cycles at a tertiary hospital.The methodology involved the inclusion of patients diagnosed with MDR-TB or XDR-TB who underwent a range of laboratory tests during their treatment. A cross-sectional retrospective analytics approach was employed, utilizing medical records from the hospital's MDR division.The results of the study, encompassing 30 MDR-TB patients and 2 XDR-TB patients, revealed significant differences in laboratory examination costs between the MDR-TB and XDR-TB groups (p = 0.018). This disparity underscores the financial burden associated with managing drug-resistant TB variants, particularly in terms of laboratory monitoring and diagnostic procedures.The discussion delves into the implications of these cost variations, highlighting the challenges faced by healthcare systems and patients in resource allocation and financial planning for TB treatment. The findings underscore the importance of cost-effective strategies and optimized laboratory protocols to ensure comprehensive yet affordable care for MDR-TB and XDR-TB patients.In conclusion, this study sheds light on the considerable cost variations in laboratory examinations for MDR-TB and XDR-TB patients, emphasizing the need for efficient resource utilization and targeted interventions to address the financial aspects of managing drug-resistant TB strains effectively.

This study explores the concepts of salvation and forgiveness in Christian theology, with a focus on contemporary implications and challenges in the digital age. Through theological analysis, the concept of salvation is understood as God's gift that changes character, while forgiveness becomes a call to practice love in social interactions. Contemporary challenges, including relevance in the digital age and the impact of controversial content, are driving the adaptation of these values. Believers are expected to be agents of change in building an inclusive and tolerant society. Implications for everyday life include character transformation and the role of believers in overcoming digital conflicts. In conclusion, the concepts of salvation and forgiveness are not only a theological basis, but also a source of inspiration for forming positive behavior in the dynamics of the contemporary world.

The aim of this research is to assess the impact of using audiovisual media on the knowledge, attitudes, and handwashing practices among preschool children at Wulele Sanggula Abeli Kindergarten in the Abeli Region in 2023. The research method employs a quantitative approach with a Pre-Experimental design and a one-group pretest-posttest design. The research sample consists of 40 children selected using total sampling technique. Research instruments include questionnaires and audiovisual media. The results indicate a significant improvement in knowledge (pre-test: 3.07; Post-test: 10.00), attitudes (pre-test: 3.15; Post-test: 10.00), and handwashing practices (pre-test: 2.30; Post-test: 6.00). It can be concluded that the use of audiovisual media has a positive influence on the knowledge, attitudes, and handwashing practices among preschool children at Wulele Sanggula Abeli, with important implications for improving hygiene and health habits in the school environment.

Objective – This research clarifies the factors that encourage creative economic inclusiveness for MSME actors by examining the effect of optimizing MSME empowerment, the role of digital technology literacy and ease of access for MSME actors. This research also examines analysis direct influence optimization empowerment on digital technology literacy and ease of access, the influence of digital technology literacy on ease of access and the mediating role of digital technology literacy and ease of access. Design/methodology/pe approach – Data was taken from an online questionnaire of respondents, namely MSME actors in Purwakarta Regency. Partial least squares structural equation modeling and mediation analysis using the bootstrap method. Findings – Optimizing empowerment and ease of access has a significant direct impact on the inclusiveness of the creative economy. Both optimizing empowerment and digital technology literacy have a direct, positive and significant influence on ease of access. Optimizing empowerment has a positive effect on digital technology literacy. Mediation analysis revealed that ease of access was unable to mediate the influence between optimizing empowerment and inclusiveness of the creative economy and between digital technology literacy and inclusiveness of the creative economy. Research limitations/implications – This research focuses on three factors that encourage creative economic inclusiveness of MSME actors in Purwakarta Regency. Originality/value – This study offers new insights into the factors that encourage the inclusiveness of the creative economy of MSME players. These findings reveal the importance of optimizing MSME empowerment and encouraging digital technology literacy for creative economic inclusivity among MSME players.

This study aims to examine the relationship between village economic success and human resources on the community economy. The village economy is at the center of attention in the context of inclusive economic development, with quality human resources playing a key role in the process. Quantitative analysis methods were used in this research, with data collected through surveys and interviews in several selected villages. Research findings show a positive relationship between the level of village economic success, which is reflected in economic growth, access to basic services, and job creation, and the quality of human resources at the local level. These results provide important policy implications for sustainable and inclusive village economic development.

This study aims to investigate the influence of macroeconomic factors on the performance of the maritime business in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era. Utilizing a literature review approach, this research analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maritime businesses and its relationship with macroeconomic factors. Prior to the pandemic, the maritime business experienced stable growth, driven by macroeconomic growth and increasing international trade. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has transformed the landscape of the maritime industry by causing a decline in trade volume, increased operational costs, and changes in trade patterns. Macroeconomic factors such as economic growth and market demand dynamics also affect the operational conditions and business strategies of shipping companies. The implications of these findings underscore the need for adaptation and innovation in maritime business practices, including investment in technology and infrastructure, as well as international collaboration to address the challenges faced. Future research can deepen understanding of changes in international trade dynamics and identify more effective adaptation strategies for shipping companies in this post-pandemic era. Thus, this study makes a significant contribution to understanding and addressing the challenges faced by the maritime industry in the future.

In the contemporary landscape of globalization, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) face escalating challenges in navigating international markets. This research purpose to explore the pivotal role of human capital in propelling the internationalization of SMEs, particularly through the lens of digital marketing. The research methodology involved document analysis to understand global market dynamics and the key role of human capital in optimising digital marketing for international expansion. The main results show that investment in human capital development and digital capability enhancement are key factors in the successful internationalisation of SMEs. The findings provide an in-depth understanding of how SMEs can effectively utilise their human capital in the face of increasingly complex global market challenges. Overall, this article concludes that the integration of strong human capital with digital marketing strategies can contribute significantly to the successful internationalisation of SMEs and has important implications for the future development of SMEs in an era of globalization.

The rise of the gig economy has created a workforce with unique challenges in terms of labor rights and protections. This article examines the implications of employment law for gig economy workers, focusing on rights such as minimum wage, social security, and workplace safety. By analyzing case law and policy frameworks, the study assesses the extent to which current employment laws accommodate the needs of gig workers and proposes legal reforms to address gaps in protection and benefits.

This paper explores the intersection of Christology and philosophical anthropology in articulating the concept of human dignity. It examines the theological significance of the Incarnation and its implications for understanding personhood, freedom, and morality in Catholic philosophy. The study also considers how these insights respond to contemporary bioethical and societal challenges.

Focusing on the Catholic understanding of the common good, this article examines its philosophical underpinnings and practical implications. The study analyzes the writings of papal encyclicals and classical Catholic thinkers, highlighting how the concept shapes discussions on social justice, economic policy, and global solidarity.

This research aims to examine internal conflict management in organizations through narrative analysis of crisis communication. Qualitative methods were used to understand the causes of conflict, crisis management strategies, leadership roles, the impact of conflict, communication techniques used, and policies and procedures implemented in the organization. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. The results revealed that internal conflicts are often caused by differences in interests, lack of effective communication, and organizational change. Effective crisis management strategies involve open communication, mediation, and a proactive approach. Responsive and thoughtful leadership plays a key role in conflict resolution. Poorly managed conflict negatively impacts productivity, employee morale, and team collaboration, and damages the organization's image. Communication techniques such as collaborative approaches and assertive communication are essential in managing crises.  The practical implications of these findings are the need for the development of clear conflict resolution policies, conflict management training, promotion of open communication, and periodic evaluation of policy effectiveness. With a comprehensive approach, organizations can improve work dynamics and strengthen teamwork.

Drug prevention socialization activities and drug abuse punishment at SMPN 3 Pegandon aim to increase students awareness of the dangers of narcotics and the legal consequences arising from drug use. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of these socialization activities in achieving these goals. The research method used was structured interviews with students and teaching staff at SMPN 3 Pegandon. The results of the study showed that socialization activities were able to increase students' understanding of the dangers of narcotics and awareness of punishment. However, there are challenges in implementing anticipatory behavior against daily drug abuse. The implications of this study highlight the need for improvements in the implementation strategy of more inclusive and sustainable drug prevention socialization in the school environment.

This research investigates the implications of not reading out the legal consequences of a sale and purchase deed prepared by a Notary/PPAT in front of the concerned parties. It employs a descriptive approach, drawing from various literature sources such as books, research findings, journals, and articles. The study underscores the Notary/PPAT's responsibility to orally communicate the deed's content to the involved parties. Failure to do so diminishes the deed's authenticity. Although the deed remains legally valid regarding the transaction, its authenticity suffers, likening it to an underhand deed. Consequently, Notaries/PPATs who overlook this obligation may face sanctions as per the relevant ethical codes for their negligence.

This article discusses a practial theological approach in the foundations of Christian Education. Through descriptive analysis of related literature, this article explores how theological approaches are applied in the context of Christian Education. This paper has several objectives, namely: First, to describe theoretical studies of practial Theological approaches; secondly, explaining the practical implications of the theological foundations of Christian Religious education. The conclusion highlight the importance of applying Truth in everyday life as a Blibical foundation, as well as seeking definitive direction from general theological principles.

The analysis focuses on the legal aspects surrounding marriage dispensations for individuals below the age of 19, as outlined in Law Number 16 of 2019, which amends Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. According to Article 7, paragraph (1) of the Marriage Law, marriage is permissible only if both the man and woman have reached the age of 19. This provision underscores the necessity of establishing a minimum age for marriage, considering the significant legal implications associated with marital unions, such as alterations in rights and responsibilities. However, a potential ambiguity arises when Article 7, paragraph (1) is juxtaposed with Article 6, paragraph (2) of the same law. While Article 7, paragraph (1) sets forth a minimum age requirement for marriage, Article 6, paragraph (2) does not provide clear legal guidance for individuals seeking marriage before reaching the prescribed age. Despite the provision for dispensation in Article 7, paragraph (2) and Article 6, paragraph (2), some argue that granting dispensations may overlook future familial harmony and reduce the institution of marriage to mere physical fulfillment, contradicting principles of Islamic jurisprudence. Data collection involved observations and interviews with local residents who entered into underage marriages, as well as discussions with the head of the Religious Affairs Office (KUA) of Parung Panjang Subdistrict. The research adopts a socio-legal approach, integrating sociological and juridical perspectives, within a qualitative field research framework. The study aims to comprehend the regulation of marriage dispensation under both civil and Islamic law, examining the consequences of underage marriages in Jagabita Village, Bogor.

This qualitative literature review explores the financial implications of using weather derivatives as a hedging tool to reduce borrowing costs for energy companies. By synthesizing existing studies, the review highlights that weather derivatives significantly lower borrowing costs, with an average reduction of 21 basis points in borrowing rates. This cost-saving effect is more pronounced for companies with higher systematic risk or less complex financial statements. The review also finds that hedging with weather derivatives enhances financial stability and reduces bankruptcy risk, leading to more favorable borrowing terms. Furthermore, the benefits extend to the public debt market, with hedging companies enjoying lower bond yield spreads. Despite making important contributions, the study acknowledges limitations, including reliance on published literature and the need for further empirical validation. Overall, the findings highlight the value of weather derivatives in financial risk management for energy companies.

The community has the right to get a clean, beautiful, comfortable and healthy environment; get cleaning services; utilizing and processing waste; actively participate in waste management activities; and obtain information from local governments and/or other parties that are directly related to the sustainability of life related to waste. This right has direct implications for the community's obligations regarding the management of household waste and/or similar household waste by being obliged to reduce and/or handle waste in an environmentally sound manner. Unfortunately, the handling of environmentally sound waste has not gone well due to inadequate facilities, enforcement of regulations, and low awareness of the community itself. PT. Wahana Anugerah Energi has developed a waste collection and transportation system using a smartphone application called Rapel. Rapel campaigns for sustainable waste management in households. Currently, Rapel provides garbage pick-up services, especially for recycled waste. However, the problems faced include: wide community reach but with Human Resources (HR) PT. The Wahana Anugerah Energi (Rapel Surakarta) is limited, facilities and infrastructure for the ongoing development of understanding of waste management for the community are not sufficient, the application of Rapel is not yet known by the people of Surakarta. overcome, the lack of public awareness of Surakarta City regarding waste management, lack of cooperation and coordination with agencies related to waste problems so that Rapel technology has not received public knowledge, Surakarta people do not know about data integration related to environmental information. From this problem, we  design a social marketing communication program so that Rapel Indonesia's goal of encouraging people to sort household waste can be achieved. To achieve this, we design a waste sorting workshop by presenting credible sources such as Lyfe With Less Representative and Rapel Indonesia Manager. Keywords: Waste Management, Education, Society, Technology, Surakarta

Education in Indonesia continues to grow, but the main challenge in learning Biology, especially in cell material, is the lack of student involvement. Many students rely more on memorization methods than understanding concepts, which impacts their low learning outcomes. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of  the Plants vs Zombies game-based learning method in improving the cognitive learning outcomes of students in grades XI-B at SMA Negeri 1 Tondano, especially in cell biology materials. This study uses the Classroom Action Research (PTK) approach, which is carried out in two cycles. In the first cycle, students were invited to learn through the Plants vs Zombies game which was integrated with the Team Games Tournament (TGT) learning model. Data is collected through observation and cognitive tests to measure student learning outcomes. The results showed a significant increase in student learning outcomes. The average score of students increased from 71.2 to 87.27, with the highest score reaching 92.3 and the lowest score being 76.9. Students also show improvements in engagement, collaboration, and motivation to learn. This research indicates that the application of games as learning media can make abstract biology material more interesting and easy to understand. In addition, this study also highlights the important role of teachers in facilitating game-based learning. The implications of this study show that game-based methods can be an innovative solution in improving the quality of learning in the 21st century.

The digital transformation within the public sector has shifted from an optional advancement to a primary parameter for local government success in managing dynamic metropolitan areas. This research examines the acceleration of Smart Governance in Surabaya through the implementation of the mandatory non-cash parking policy on public roads. Using a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical design, the study explores how this transition redefine the relationship between the government, parking attendants, and citizens. Findings indicate that the policy effectively minimizes budget leakage and enhances fiscal transparency. The integration of digital payment systems has transformed traditional parking management into a data-driven service, fostering public trust through accountable financial tracking. Furthermore, the shift from cash to digital transactions has successfully professionalized the role of parking attendants within the urban ecosystem. However, success relies heavily on consistent infrastructure readiness and public literacy. The study concludes that Surabaya's non-cash parking model serves as a vital instrument for strengthening Regional Original Revenue (PAD) while modernizing urban governance. These implications suggest that digital integration is not merely a technical change but a fundamental shift in bureaucratic culture. This model provides a strategic framework for other Indonesian metropolitan cities aiming to implement similar digital-based public service innovations and sustainable smart city governance.