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Muslim tourists may take advantage of a variety of Muslim-friendly tourism options, including halal tourism. A growing number of nations are considering expanding their halal tourist offerings, thanks to the industry's meteoric rise since 2018. Among 130 countries, Indonesia topped the 2019 Global Muslim Travel Index as the top halal tourist destination. This success has encouraged Indonesia to increase its efforts in developing halal tourism, taking use of the country's vast potential in this area. Indonesia's advantage in halal tourism must be complemented by particular legislation implementations governing halal tourism to enable structured and orderly implementation. With appropriate regulations, it is hoped that the optimization of halal tourism may become more structured in terms of standards in the promising halal tourism sector, acting as a benchmark for other nations to adopt halal tourism practices. This study aimed to provide additional information on the importance of adopting legislative standards for enforcing halal tourism legislation in Indonesia. This study used normative methodology. In addition to the need for special regulations concerning halal tourism management, careful preparation in terms of adequate scientific and technological updates is required to ensure that halal tourism in Indonesia is well received in the global market. Moreover, there must be a regular control in updating halal tourism regulations in Indonesia between authorized institutions

Human Resource Management (HRM) has become essential to a company's success in the global marketplace in the fast-paced age of globalisation. Global HRM is an approach that takes into account global elements like market demands, labour laws, and cultural norms. Managing scattered teams, adjusting to cultural diversity, and differing labour laws are among the difficulties. Global HRM does, however, also offer advantages, such as easier access to talent from throughout the world. This journal attempts to offer useful insights for HRM practitioners and business executives in managing human resources in the age of globalisation through in-depth examination.Literature reviews serve as the data source for the qualitative and descriptive research methodology. The study's findings emphasise how crucial global human resource management is to accomplishing corporate objectives in a variety of international marketplaces. Flexibility, efficient resource management, improving cultural sensitivity, and employee participation are some of the suggested remedies. In the age of global business, companies can improve performance and accomplish their objectives by putting in place efficient HRM strategies.

Toxoplasma gondi is a pervasive parasite that causes a variety of diseases both in humans and animals, it infects the neural cells of the central nervous system. There have been previous reports linking this infection with Autism. Autism is a combination of complex neurodevelopmental disorders leading to alteration in social communication. This study was done to detect the frequency of seropositive Toxoplasmosis in Autistic children attending psychiatric units in Azady Teaching Hospital in Kirkuk governorate-Iraq. This case-control study was done on 40 Autistic children (30 male, 10 female) with an average age of 5.4±6 years and 40 healthy children (8 male, 32 female) with the same age range (6.1±2) year, from April 2018- January 2020. Sample collection was done by obtaining four ml of blood from all study group children for the detection of both IgM and IgG Toxoplasma gondi antibodies using the ELISA technique. Chi-square and paired T-tests were used for data analysis. The IgM serology for both Autistic and control children was negative while there was just one positive result of T.gondi IgG in Autistic Children and two positive results in normal children which made the result insignificant( X2=0.45, p-value>0.05). Regarding gender, there was no significant difference in detecting positive results between boys and girls of the study groups (X2=0.45 p value> 0.05). The study also demonstrated that Autistic Parents were statistically older than healthy children of the same age. We couldn't uncover any connection between ASD and toxoplasmosis. The age of parents & family history has a significant impact on the development of ASD.

Graphene is a two-dimensional lattice made of a single carbon atom and has extraordinary mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. These properties make it a very important material for a variety of applications, including energy management and electronics. This research adopts a systematic literature review approach to evaluate the role of graphene in improving battery performance and environmental sustainability. The results show that graphene significantly improves the performance of lithium-ion and lithium-sulfur batteries as well as sodium and magnesium-based batteries. In addition, graphene also has great potential for environmental applications such as water purification and pollutant adsorption. However, challenges such as production costs, toxicity, and scalability still need to be overcome for wider adoption.

The Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA), while effective in solving complex optimization problems, faces limitations in random population initialization and reliance on fixed parameters. Random initialization of the population often results in clustered solutions, resulting in uneven exploration of the search space and hindering effective global optimization. Furthermore, the use of fixed values for discovery rate and step size creates a trade-off between solution accuracy and convergence speed. To address these limitations, an Enhanced Cuckoo Search Algorithm (ECSA) is proposed. This algorithm utilizes the Sobol Sequence to generate a more uniformly distributed initial population and incorporates Cosine Annealing with Warm Restarts to dynamically adjust the parameters. The performance of the algorithms was evaluated on 13 benchmark functions (7 unimodal, 6 multimodal). Statistical analyses were conducted to determine the significance and consistency of the results. The ECSA outperforms the CSA in 11 out of 13 benchmark functions with a mean fitness improvement of 30% across all functions, achieving 35% for unimodal functions and 24% for multimodal functions. The enhanced algorithm demonstrated increased convergence efficiency, indicating its superiority to the CSA in solving a variety of optimization problems. The ECSA is subsequently applied to optimize earthquake evacuation space allocation in Intramuros, Manila.

This article examines the role of language and communication in journalism, with a focus on conveying accurate information. In an era where information is disseminated rapidly and in a variety of ways, journalists need to not only report the news but also ensure that the news is credible. This article contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationship between language, communication, and news accuracy by analyzing effective communication methods and the challenges journalists face in maintaining accuracy. The aim is to: This study shows that the use of appropriate language and good communication techniques can increase the credibility of the media.

This study explored the adaptation strategies of pre-service English teachers during their teaching practicum (PPL) in junior high schools implementing the Kurikulum Merdeka framework. The aim of the study is to explore how pre-service English teachers integrate the flexible and student-centered curriculum while adjusting to a variety of problems in a real-world classroom environment. Semi-structured interviews and non-participant observations were used in this qualitative study to collect data from six pre-service teachers. The results showed that pre-service teachers used a variety of strategies to deal with procedural, managerial, psychological, instructional, and cultural obstacles, such as reflective practices, collaborative mentoring, and differentiated instruction. In addition to highlighting the necessity of successfully promoting Kurikulum Merdeka, the study emphasizes the value of mentorship and reflective practices in promoting professional development. These findings help to enhance programs for preparing future teachers and offer insightful advice to pre-service English teachers as they enter into professional teaching roles.

: This research aims to develop batik ornamental motifs inspired by the legend of Rawapening Lake, a folklore from Central Java. Through a qualitative-descriptive approach, this research identifies key elements of the legend that can be applied in batik motif design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with batik artisans and cultural experts as well as related literature studies. The results show that ornamental motifs developed from the elements of the legend of Lake Rawapening not only enrich the variety of batik motifs, but also have the potential to enhance local cultural appreciation and the creative economy in the area.

Vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is considered a superior variety. However, understanding water quality parameters is very important, because the crucial role of water must be maintained to suit the needs of vaname shrimp. Therefore, this research was carried out with the aim of evaluating the values ​​of vaname shrimp water quality parameters including temperature, pH, salinity, brightness, dissolved oxygen. The data collection method is carried out by making direct observations when going into the field. Observations are carried out in two ways, namely in situ with direct observation at the observation site. And ex situ is observation by taking samples in the field and observations will be carried out on the spot. Data analysis was carried out using quantitative descriptions. The research results show that the water quality parameters in vaname shrimp ponds are within the optimal range recommended by the Indonesian National Standards (SNI). Good water quality management, such as adjusting pH using limestone and providing probiotics, is an important factor to support shrimp growth. This research provides important information for cultivators in increasing vaname shrimp productivity.

Professional competence is the ability that a teacher must have in carrying out his duties. In this day and age, teachers must have a variety of competencies related to teaching in order to increase students' interest in learning. Students are not active and are not quick to catch onsubject matter quickly becomes a big problem if PAK teachers do not have professional competence..For this reason, in the current digital era, teachers in schools need professional competence in achieving effective and efficient learning outcomes. This article uses descriptive qualitative research methods using various literature. The aim of this research is to describeprofessional competence that teachers must have. In conclusion, in order to succeed in learning activities in the digital era, teachers must have professional competence as one solution in facing learning challenges in the digital era.

This research aims to decrypt the implementation of Morning Spiritual Gathering (MSG) activities as an effort to increase the spiritual intelligence (SQ) of teachers at the Darul Ilmi Muhammadiyah Tarakan Islamic Boarding School. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documents. The results of the study show that the Morning Spiritual Gathering has a positive impact on improving the quality of teaching and interaction between teachers and students, as well as strengthening Islamic ukhuwah between teachers. In addition, this activity also increases teachers' sense of responsibility, patience, and empathy in teaching. MSG encourages teachers' self-reflection and creates a more Islamic environment, supporting the development of students' character. Some teachers proposed a variety of learning methods to increase participant engagement. Overall, MSG activities contribute to improving teachers' spiritual intelligence and a more conducive learning atmosphere in Islamic boarding schools.

Youth are a generation that lives in the digital era and they are very adept at using digital devices and are always updated with current technological developments. Technological developments cannot be avoided by anyone, including the church. There needs to be innovation and strategies for using technology in church services. The use of technology will make it easier for the church to reach and build the identity of youth, but on the other hand, if the church is resistant to technological developments, it is likely that church youth will withdraw and find it difficult to get involved in church activities. The role of the church in shaping the spiritual identity of the younger generation in the digital era is becoming increasingly important along with developments in technology and information. In an era where access to a variety of content and outside influences is very easy, the church has a great responsibility to ensure that young people have a solid spiritual foundation. The church can play an effective role in shaping the spiritual identity of the younger generation amidst the flow of digital information. And churches can use various methods and strategies to help youth build their spiritual identity. This includes the use of technology to spread religious teachings, the creation of supportive online communities, and the provision of targeted spiritual formation. Apart from that, the church also needs to understand the unique dynamics and challenges in the digital era, such as changes in lifestyle and values ​​faced by today's young generation.

The use of technology in learning has become an increasingly important phenomenon in the world of education, especially in today's digital era. Technology not only improves accessibility and flexibility in learning, but also enriches the learning experience by presenting more interactive and engaging materials. This research aims to analyze the application of technology in learning and explore the benefits, challenges, and opportunities that exist. Based on the results of research conducted in several educational institutions, it was found that the use of online learning platforms, educational applications, and multimedia-based media is able to increase student engagement, provide wider access to learning resources, and create a more personalized learning experience. However, challenges such as the digital divide, limited infrastructure, and low digital literacy among educators are still obstacles that need to be overcome. In conclusion, while technology offers a variety of advantages, its use must be done wisely taking into account the local context and efforts to improve digital access and skills for all parties involved.

This research presents the development of a Decision Support System aimed at assisting in the enhancement of palm oil production using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The rapid growth in the palm oil industry necessitates a scientific approach to selecting seedlings with optimal growth potential and yield. In this context, the application of artificial intelligence-based technology, such as decision support systems, is essential in the process of selecting superior palm oil seedlings. The objective of this study is to model the criteria for selecting the most superior palm oil seedlings using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method by comparing three criteria: leaflet shape, seedling root shape, and prospective trunk size. The result of this process is a decision support system that displays the value range of each palm oil seedling variety, thus facilitating farmers in choosing the most superior seedlings.

Seed dormancy is one of the main factors that inhibit the process of germination and plant growth. This study aims to study the effectiveness of using gibberellic acid (GA3) in maintaining the dormancy of rice seeds (Oryza sativa L.) Mekongga variety to increase germination. In this study, Mekongga rice seeds that experienced dormancy were given GA3 treatment with various concentrations. 0.25 ppm, 0.50 ppm, and 0.75 ppm with 24- and 48-hour immersion. The parameters measured include germination percentage, maximum growing potential, dormancy intensity, and sprout length. This research uses a quantitative approach with experimental methods. This study was carried out using a factorial pattern Group Randomized Design (RAK), which consisted of two factors, namely four levels of soaking using three differences in GA3 concentration and one control (aquades) and two levels of seed immersion, namely 24 and 48 hours. The results showed that GA3 treatment in combination concentration treatment had an influence on observation parameters, and there was the best concentration, namely a concentration of 0.25 ppm in 48-hour soaking capable of producing the highest germination of 96.25%, maximum growth potential reaching 98.5% with a dormancy intensity value of 1.5%.

Rice holds a significant place as a staple food in Indonesia, with its life cycle spanning between 3 to 6 months, depending on the specific variety. An essential part of preserving the quality of rice grains is the drying process. This research aims to investigate how drying affects the quality of rice during this crucial stage. The findings of this study are not only intended to build upon previous research but also to serve as valuable guidance for farmers in making informed decisions about the drying process, ultimately ensuring optimal quality in their harvested grains. This study employed an experimental approach using a completely randomized design, wherein treatments were assigned randomly across all experimental units. The results indicated that the duration of drying significantly impacts the quality of rice grains. It was found that optimal drying occurs over a period of 3 to 4 days under sunlight on a tarpaulin base, which can be effectively used as a benchmark for assessing the quality characteristics of milled upland rice.

Education is an important foundation for individual and societal development. Education systems in various countries have unique characteristics that reflect their values, history and socio-economic needs. In a global context, the education systems in the United States and Germany are examples of two very different but equally influential approaches in shaping the future of their young generation. Education in the United States is known for its diverse and flexible system. The country has adopted a decentralized model, in which educational responsibility rests largely with states and school districts. Curriculum often varies from region to region, giving freedom to adapt course material to local needs. This system also prioritizes the principle of inclusion, with various programs that support diversity and access to education for all students, including those with special needs. High schools offer a variety of educational pathways, including academic, vocational, and arts pathways, giving students the freedom to choose according to their interests and talents. Education in Germany is famous for its structured system and focus on early specialization. After completing basic education, students in Germany follow different educational paths according to their abilities and interests, through a system known as, Realschule or Gymnasium. Vocational education is also receiving great attention in Germany, with many students following a dual system that combines practical training in the workplace with theoretical education at school. This system aims to ensure that students gain skills relevant to the needs of the job market and facilitate a smooth transition from education to the world of work. With these differences in approach, each country offers valuable insight into how education can be organized to meet social and economic goals. Comparative analysis between these two systems can provide insight into the strengths and challenges of each model, as well as the potential for implementing best practices in a global educational context.

This research is motivated by a field fact that shows that the syawir activities which are the obligation of students in Madrasah Diniyyah Al Asna, there is a decrease in enthusiasm in some classes in Madrasah Al Asna, which is marked by the lack of student activeness in leaving syawir, noisy classroom conditions far from conducive words that move researchers to find out more about the method of syawir supervision because indeed this method encourages students to be active, creative, enthusiastic in defending their arguments, concluding and refuting or refuting the arguments of other students. Based on the description above, the focus of the research is as follows: 1). How is the practice of implementing Syawir in increasing the enthusiasm for learning and understanding of students in class V-C MI Al Asna Pesantren Mahir Arriyadl Keling Kepung Kediri? 2). What are the advantages and disadvantages of Syawir activities in class V-C MI Al-Asna Pesantren Mahir Arriyadl Keling Kepung Kediri? The approach used is qualitative, to reveal and understand the realities that occur in depth with regard to the above pheno mena. data collection techniques and information is done through interviews, observation, and documentation. The implementation of syawir in Madrasah Al-Asna has a variety of learning methods, one of which is the supervisory syawir method, with this method the implementation of syair can run well so that maximum success is achieved and the strategies used in improving student discipline are Learning strategies, Internal strategies, External strategies.

Expository preaching is a type of preaching that is considered to promote the validation and inerrancy of the Bible. In accordance with the doctrine of inerrancy in the Bible, it explains the texts of the Truth of the past and this should also be applied to the partners in the 21st century. This means that biblical texts that claimed to be true in the past are still relevant today. To bring it to the present, the meaning and intent of the biblical text must first be understood by the expositor. Therefore, this research tries to explore some writings about the advantages of expository preaching, namely. 1. Helping the congregation understand the intent and purpose of God's Word. 2. Ensuring an accurate and comprehensive understanding of the Bible. 3.Encouraging spiritual growth. 4. Helps the congregation apply the teachings of the Bible to their daily lives. 5. Provide variety to maintain the interest of the congregation. Through this article the author will discuss how many things are related to the advantages of expository preaching, namely 1. What is expository preaching? 2. What are the advantages of expository preaching? 3. What are the steps in preparing an expository sermon? In the steps of preparing an expository sermon, it involves exegesis in the form of in-depth research on the verses to be preached, the use of various research aids such as Bible commentaries, lexicons, Bible dictionaries, encyclopedias, and other books related to preparing expository sermons. Next, the results of the study can be compiled into an expository sermon. The next step is the task of hermeneutics, adapting it to the current needs of the congregation. The final step is how the preacher then uses the art of rhetoric with various communication skills to be able to convey the Biblical message according to the audience and their current needs. The entire process is aimed at delivering a sermon that is biblical yet current.

Urban farming is an innovative solution to the increasingly complex challenges of food security in urban areas. In the midst of limited green open space and narrowing vacant land due to urban development. Urban farming offers an effective approach to maintain sustainable food availability. farming, urban communities can optimize limited space into areas that produce a variety of agricultural products.The implementation of urban farming not only contributes to family food security, but also supports the creation of a greener and more sustainable urban environment. With a systematic approach and the support of various stakeholders, urban farming is proving to be a promising solution to address food security challenges in the modern era. The program also encourages healthy lifestyles and environmental awareness among urban communities.This community service program is a collaboration between UIN K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan Group 24 students and SD Negeri Kandang Panjang 10 students in implementing urban farming as a food security solution. This program aims to educate and introduce the concept of urban farming from an early age.