Publication Search

The agrarian conflict in the Kendeng Mountains, Central Java, arose due to the construction of a cement factory by PT Semen Indonesia, which was supported by the state through the issuance of environmental permits, even though several permits had been revoked by court decisions. The local community rejected the project because it threatened their water sources, environment, and livelihoods. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the state, corporations, and civil society in the agrarian conflict in Kendeng, as well as the role of civil society movements in responding to this conflict. The research uses qualitative methods with a literature study of journals and related news reports. Using Karl Marx's theory of conflict and Charles Tilly's theory of social movements, the study finds that the state tends to side with corporate interests, while civil society continues to build resistance through collective action, legal advocacy, public campaigns, and ecofeminist movements. The Kendeng conflict reflects the imbalance of power relations and the weakness of substantive democracy in natural resource management. The need for increased transparency in licensing, community participation, and ecological protection are the main solutions.

The purpose of this study is to discuss the introduction of the Pendet Dance in the Markandeya–Walailak cultural exchange program and to evaluate its effectiveness as a cross-cultural character education tool. To investigate program design, execution, and results, the study used a descriptive qualitative approach backed by the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) evaluation model. During the cultural exchange activities, information was gathered through participant reflection, documentation, and observation. The results show that the program effectively combined the principles of character education with conventional performing arts. Thai students showed greater appreciation, tolerance, respect, and empathy for cultural diversity as well as a deeper comprehension of the Pendet Dance's meaning, symbolism, and cultural value. In addition, Indonesian students who served as facilitators saw improvements in their discipline, self-assurance, cultural adaptability, and communication abilities. The exercise emphasizes how traditional performing arts can be a powerful tool for international engagement and cultural diplomacy. All things considered, the program shows that cultural exchange programs can make a significant contribution to global character education, and it is advised that comparable projects be maintained and developed in subsequent international education partnerships.

Keeping up with the times, the ideal warehouse is one that can serve as a good storage facility with clear administrative processes using a digital system and a warehouse database application. This database application will be used by warehouse crews at the Subditmatbek Ditlog AAL to facilitate inventory control. Its main purpose is to simplify inventory management and facilitate quick retrieval of goods when needed. This application is powered by Microsoft Access, which creates the features required by the Subditmatbek Ditlog AAL warehouse. By utilizing this application, users can access goods data, including arrival times, quality and quantity, and shipping origins, along with photos as concrete evidence. Furthermore, this database application does not require an internet connection, so it can be accessed from the warehouse at any time. Therefore, this application was created to facilitate warehouse crews in the inventory process more effectively and efficiently.

Constitutional Court (MK) “Decision Number 60/PUU-XXII/2024 marks an important shift in the practice of judicial review, whereby the Constitutional Court not only invalidates legal norms, but also establishes new substantive norms in cases involving open legal policy. This action reflects the tendency of positive legislature, which theoretically expands the scope of judicial authority beyond the limits of negative legislature. This study aims to analyse the implications of this ruling on the legislative function of Indonesia Parliament (DPR), particularly in the context of its constitutional responsibility to respond to and accommodate new norms established through court rulings. Using normative legal research methods and a conceptual approach, this study finds that the DPR's suboptimal institutional response to the substance of the ruling indicates serious challenges in harmonising the constitutional system that guarantees the effectiveness of norms, legal certainty, and the principle of checks and balances. This study contributes to proposing a model of inter-institutional coordination or parameters for the judicialisation of norms to ensure the balance of power, as well as criticising and clarifying the boundaries of the roles of each state institution in the context of corrective legislation based on judicial decisions.

This study aims to examine the development of Islam during the Umayyad Dynasty as one of the important periods in the history of Islamic civilization. The main focus of the discussion is directed at the process of the emergence of Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan as the first caliph of the Umayyad Dynasty and his efforts to establish dynastic power after the Islamic Civil War (Fitnah Kubra). The Umayyad Dynasty played a strategic role in the transformation of the Islamic government system from an elective caliphate to a hereditary monarchy, while simultaneously expanding the territory of Islam to various regions. This study uses a literature review method with a historiographic approach, namely examining and analyzing relevant classical and modern historical sources. The results show that during the Umayyad Dynasty, Islam experienced significant developments in the aspects of politics, government administration, military, and culture. However, internal political dynamics, conflicts over the legitimacy of power, and dissatisfaction of certain groups also contributed to weakening the stability of the dynasty. This study also describes the process of decline of the Umayyad Dynasty until its eventual collapse and replacement by the Abbasid Dynasty.

This study aims to identify and describe the factors contributing to the decline in the distribution of Kredit Cepat Aman (KCA) at PT Pegadaian (Persero), Pasar Pagi Service Unit, during the period of January 2022 to December 2024. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach, involving purposively selected informants consisting of the unit manager, appraisers, and customers. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and documentation analysis (KCA realization data from 2022 to 2024). The data were analyzed using thematic analysis through the stages of data reduction, data display, and conclusion verification/triangulation. The results indicate that the decline in KCA distribution is influenced by internal factors including interest rate (service fee) policies, collateral appraisal standards, credit provision procedures, non-performing loan ratios, service quality, and marketing activities as well as external factors such as competition among financial institutions, fluctuations in collateral prices, product availability, and local economic conditions affecting community purchasing power. These findings suggest the need for improvements in collateral appraisal procedures, enhancements in service quality and localized marketing strategies, and adjustments to interest rate policies that are responsive to local economic dynamics in order to restore and increase KCA distribution performance.

In today's digital era, the dance learning process is no longer limited to conventional studios. Various technologies, ranging from instructional videos and interactive media to virtual reality, are increasingly being utilized in dance education. Through a systematic literature review (SLR), this study examines the effectiveness of various dance learning tools based on empirical findings and development studies. This study compiles, compares, and summarizes research findings on the use of various media (such as video, VR, interactive PowerPoint, and augmented reality) and their impact on several aspects, including material comprehension, movement skills, aesthetic appreciation, and student engagement. The analysis shows that digital technology can improve dance learning outcomes across the cognitive, psychomotor, and motivational domains. However, challenges such as limited technological facilities and the need for teacher training still need to be addressed. This study also provides recommendations for educators and dance learning developers to integrate technology in harmony with appropriate pedagogical approaches.

The role of the Holy Spirit is one of the central aspects of Christian theology, particularly within Evangelical theology, which seeks to uphold a balance between biblical truth and spiritual experience. This study aims to examine the understanding of the Holy Spirit in Evangelical theology, with a specific focus on the relationship between biblical pneumatology and the expressions of contemporary charismatic movements. The approach used is a theological–descriptive study through an analysis of biblical literature, classical Evangelical theological works, and contemporary research on charismatic movements in Indonesia and around the world. The findings indicate that Evangelical theology understands the Holy Spirit primarily as a divine person who works in regeneration, sanctification, and ministry empowerment based on the authority of Scripture. Meanwhile, the charismatic movement emphasizes more phenomenological aspects of the Holy Spirit’s work, such as Spirit baptism, spiritual gifts (charismata), and manifestations of supernatural power. Theological tension arises when charismatic experiences do not always align with the strict Evangelical hermeneutical principles applied to Scripture. Nevertheless, both approaches offer important contributions: biblical pneumatology preserves a healthy doctrinal foundation, while charismatic spirituality reminds the church of the importance of the Holy Spirit’s dynamic power in contemporary ecclesial life. This study concludes that integrating biblical foundations with openness to the work of the Holy Spirit can enrich the understanding and praxis of the contemporary Evangelical church. The church needs to develop a balanced pneumatology that is rooted in Scripture yet responsive to the movement of the Holy Spirit within the changing contexts of time and culture.

This study focuses on the dynamic relationship between transformational leadership and work motivation, and how both elements contribute to increased productivity in modern organizational environments. By employing a literature review approach, this study synthesizes existing research to explore the powerful impact of transformational leadership in fostering heightened work motivation among employees. The research highlights that transformational leadership acts as a catalyst, significantly enhancing employees' intrinsic motivation, which in turn serves as a mediating factor in boosting individual productivity. The study identifies two key dimensions of transformational leadership that contribute most significantly to motivation: the leader's ability to provide inspirational encouragement and their attention to the unique needs of each employee. These aspects are crucial in fostering an environment where employees feel valued, supported, and motivated to perform at their best. The positive effects of this leadership style are evident in improved work quality, increased accuracy in task completion, and a stronger sense of responsibility among employees. Ultimately, this study confirms that a leader who is adaptive, communicative, and inspiring is essential in building superior, consistent, and sustainable performance within an evolving organizational structure. The findings underscore the critical role of leadership in cultivating motivation and driving long-term productivity in organizations.

The increasing global energy demand drives the search for efficient and sustainable renewable energy solutions. Solar panels have become one of the most widely used technologies; however, their efficiency remains limited when installed in a static position. This research aims to analyze the performance of a single-axis auto tracking system on a 10WP solar panel integrated with the Internet of Things (IoT) for real-time monitoring, specifically in powering a portable powerbank. The research method employed was a quantitative experimental design with three testing scenarios: powerbank charging using an auto-tracking solar panel, a static solar panel, and conventional household electricity as a comparison. Charging data were collected via an IoT system integrated with the Blynk application in real-time. The results indicate that the auto-tracking system increased charging efficiency by around 10%, compared to only 6% with a static panel in one hour. This performance is nearly equal to household electricity charging, which reached approximately 10–11%. The study concludes that the single-axis IoT-based auto-tracking system significantly enhances the performance of small-scale solar panels and holds strong potential for portable energy solutions in remote areas.

This study aims to answer two questions. First, why were there only single candidates in 37 regions in the 2024 simultaneous regional elections? Second, what are the risks of single candidates to democracy and the performance of political parties? The methods used are normative juridical methods with a legislative and conceptual approach. The research focuses on the phenomenon of single candidates in regional elections and its impact on democracy and the performance of political parties in Indonesia. The results of this study show that the phenomenon of single candidates in regional elections indicates weak local democracy and poor performance of political parties in carrying out their functions of regeneration and leadership recruitment. Elite domination, high political costs, and the strong influence of oligarchs make the nomination process non-competitive and reduce the space for alternative candidates. As a result, regional elections are only procedural without substance, widening the democratic deficit and opening space for local bossism and unhealthy power consolidation. If this condition continues, local democracy will move further away from the principles of openness, accountability, and fair competition.

This study examines the constitutional systems of Denmark and Sweden as two of the most stable and advanced models of modern constitutional monarchy in the world. While maintaining the institution of monarchy, both countries have successfully integrated the principles of parliamentary democracy, parliamentary supremacy, and strict limitations on executive power, so that the monarch plays a purely symbolic role in the state. Using a normative-comparative legal research method that focuses on the 1953 Danish Constitution and the 1974 Swedish Instrument of Government, this study traces the historical evolution, constitutional structure, mechanisms of government formation, legislative oversight, and the role of the judiciary in both countries. The results of the study show that Denmark has retained a number of historical formulations regarding the power of the king in the text of the constitution, but all of these powers are symbolic in nature because they are controlled by parliamentary convention. Sweden, through its 1974 reforms, opted for a more decisive model by explicitly removing all political roles of the monarchy. Despite differences in constitutional design, both countries share fundamental similarities in their egalitarian political culture, bureaucratic professionalism, political consensus, and parliamentary rule mechanisms that create governmental stability.Further analysis shows that the continuity of the monarchy in both countries is inseparable from peaceful historical transformation, the monarchy's ability to adapt to democratization, and its role as

The strong bargaining power imbalance in the formation of sales contracts, particularly in standard contracts unilaterally drafted by business actors, undermines the principle of freedom of contract, as it is not accompanied by the principle of balance that should ensure a proportional distribution of rights and obligations. This study aims to identify legal issues arising from such imbalances and examine how the principle of balance can be effectively implemented to achieve contractual justice. Using a normative juridical method and conceptual, statutory, and comparative approaches, the research finds that exoneration clauses, unilateral clauses, and “take it or leave it” practices are the primary causes of the loss of substantive consensus in standard contracts. The findings indicate that existing legal protections are still insufficient to prevent the dominance of business actors an issue increasingly evident in the rapidly growing digital sector. The study highlights the need for stronger supervisory instruments, greater transparency in contract drafting, and the reformulation of standard clauses to better reflect proportionality. It also opens opportunities for further empirical research to assess the effectiveness of applying the principle of balance in everyday contractual practices.

This research aims to analyze the effect of CEO power and board gender diversity on modern slavery disclosure (MSD) among Indonesia’s top 50 publicly listed companies by market capitalization. The research uses a quantitative approach with secondary data collected from annual and sustainability reports during the 2022–2024 period. The results show that CEO power has a negative and significant effect on MSD, indicating that stronger CEO power will reduce disclosure transparency. Furthermore, gender diversity on the board of commissioners also shows a negative and significant relationship with MSD, indicating that female representation in supervisory roles has not yet contributed into greater social accountability within Indonesian firms. Meanwhile, gender diversity on the board of directors shows no significant effect. These results suggest that internal governance factors such as CEO power and limited female influence in top positions still hinder companies from being transparent about social and ethical issues. In conclusion, stronger regulations and independent oversight are needed to improve companies’ transparency regarding modern slavery practices.

This study is motivated by the emergence of public controversy surrounding the alleged sexual harassment case involving the preacher Gus Elham, which has sparked widespread debate about ethical boundaries in da’wah activities. This phenomenon reflects a moral and social crisis in contemporary da’wah practices, particularly in relation to power relations, child protection, and the moral responsibility of religious figures as public role models. This study aims to analyze violations of da’wah ethics in this case from moral and social perspectives, as well as to identify its impact on public trust in preachers and religious institutions. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach through the analysis of online news, public statements, social media posts, interview recordings, and da’wah-related content associated with the case. The findings indicate that the actions in question not only violated norms of decency but also revealed a failure to understand principles of child protection and ethics of da’wah based on akhlakul karimah. Socially, the case demonstrates a moral crisis affecting religious authority and an increase in public skepticism toward religious figures. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of formulating stricter da’wah codes of ethics, strengthening ethical literacy among preachers, and integrating child protection values into da’wah practice to prevent similar cases from recurring.

Given the great benefits of electrical energy, the availability of electrical energy sources is limited. Currently, the availability of electrical energy sources is not able to meet the increasing demand for electricity in Indonesia. The high use of electrical energy in daily life will have a negative impact on the environment. Therefore, to maintain the sustainability of energy sources, it is necessary to pursue strategic steps that can support the provision of electrical energy optimally and affordably, This study aims to find out how much total energy is used by the Energy Consumption Index (IKE) on electrical energy from the influence of electrical power and the length of time of use of electrical energy at SMK Negeri 2 Lubuk Basung, Lubuk Basung District, Agam Regency. This study aims to determine the value of energy consumption used or Energy Consumption Index (IKE) and energy saving opportunities at SMK Negeri 2 Lubuk Basung, Lubuk Basung District, Agam Regency. The results of this study are for the IKE value of the first floor which is 1.71 kWh/m2, for the IKE value of the second floor which is 0.03 kWh/m2, for the IKE value of one building, which is with a value of 1.74 kWh/m2, for the annual IKE of 0.022 kWh/m2/year and for the value of energy-saving opportunities of IDR 651 646/month IDR 7 819 755/year.

MSMEs are a sector that plays a vital role in the Indonesian economy, both as labor absorbers and significant contributors to Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, amidst increasingly competitive business competition, the sustainability of MSMEs is largely determined by the ability of entrepreneurs to formulate and implement appropriate business strategies. This study aims to analyze the role of business strategies in increasing revenue by taking a case study of the Dimsum Mentai MSME in Medan City. The research method used is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. The research results show that the business strategies implemented by the Dimsum Mentai MSME include product innovation through a combination of traditional and modern flavors, the implementation of value-added packages to reach consumers with diverse purchasing power, the selection of a strategic business location near student activity centers, and the use of social media as a digital promotional tool. These strategies have been proven to increase consumer appeal, expand market reach, and positively contribute to increasing business revenue. Thus, it can be concluded that business strategy plays a crucial role in maintaining competitiveness and increasing revenue for MSMEs in the culinary sector. The findings of this study are expected to contribute academically to the development of MSME business strategy studies and provide practical recommendations for entrepreneurs to optimize their business potential amidst constantly changing market dynamics.

The problems in rice fields are complex and varied, depending on geographic location, rice variety, and growing season. Pests often cause serious economic losses. The Solar Sonic Repeller is an innovative portable pest control device designed to address pest problems by utilizing renewable energy, specifically solar energy. This product aims to offer an environmentally friendly and efficient solution. It works by emitting ultrasonic sound waves with a frequency of 30,000–40,000 Hz. The device's advantages lie in its portability and energy independence, thanks to the use of a charging module powered by an integrated photovoltaic (PV) panel with automatic battery charging during the day. The first test measured the output frequency using an oscilloscope to verify that the oscillator circuit produced waves at the specified frequency. The second test measured the device's effectiveness by examining the pest response to the device at various distances. This test was effective within a maximum radius of approximately 14 m from the center point, covering a rice field area of ​​250 m2.

The rapid rise of Indonesia’s digital economy is changing how people participate as citizens and how their consumer rights are protected. This study explores the legal dimensions of digital citizenship through a normative juridical review of the Consumer Protection Law, the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, and the Personal Data Protection Law. Although these laws provide basic safeguards, significant problems remain such as data privacy violations, unclear algorithmic practices, cross-border legal barriers, and deceptive online advertising. Low public legal awareness and the absence of a unified dispute-resolution system further leave consumers vulnerable to powerful global digital platforms. The study argues that stronger protection requires embedding digital citizenship principles into Indonesia’s legal framework, harmonizing national rules with international standards, enhancing platform oversight, and improving digital literacy. In conclusion, a flexible and forward-looking legal approach is crucial to making consumer protection a core part of digital citizenship and ensuring public trust and human rights in the digital era.

This study aims to analyze the effect of inflation, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), and the Provincial Minimum Wage (PMW) on the poverty line in 10 provinces in Indonesia. The research employs a quantitative approach using panel data regression analysis. The data utilized in this study consist of panel data covering a 10-year period, from 2015 to 2024, obtained from the Provincial Offices of Statistics and Statistics Indonesia (Badan Pusat Statistik/BPS). To examine the relationship between variables across regions and over time, the fixed effect model is applied in the analysis. The results of the analysis indicate that inflation and GRDP do not have a statistically significant effect on the poverty line in the 10 provinces examined. These findings suggest that although inflation and GRDP are important macroeconomic indicators, their variations during the study period were not sufficient to directly influence changes in the poverty line across the provinces. In contrast, the Provincial Minimum Wage (PMW) is found to have a significant effect on the poverty line. This result implies that increases in the minimum wage play a crucial role in improving household purchasing power, which can contribute to reducing poverty levels. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of wage policy as an effective instrument for poverty alleviation at the provincial level. While broader economic growth and price stability remain important, policies related to minimum wage determination appear to have a more direct and measurable impact on poverty conditions. Therefore, policymakers are encouraged to consider wage policies alongside other macroeconomic strategies to achieve more effective poverty reduction outcomes.