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On the research of background, it is analyzed that the Implementation of the Population Administration Policy Through a Fast, Safe and Friendly Service System at the Population and Civil Registration Office of Ciamis Regency. The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of the Si Lancer application service at the Population and Civil Registration Service of Ciamis Regency. This research method uses descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the Implementation of the Population Administration Policy Through a Fast, Safe and Friendly Service System at the Population and Civil Registration Office of Ciamis Regency is not optimal, namely constrained by human resources in the Office, lack of facilities at the Population and Civil Registration Office of Ciamis Regency, lack of implementing attitudes where employees prefer conventional services, no application updates from the initial year of publication, namely 2021, and no fragmentation or group bodies specifically tasked with Si Lancar application services. This study contributes to broadening understanding of the practical benefits of implementing the use of the Si Lancar application at the Population and Civil Registration Office of Ciamis Regency.

Taxation contributes to national development, and Indonesia has responded to global dynamics by introducing Indonesia Core Tax, a digital system designed to improve tax transparency and compliance. Although Indonesia has adopted various digital systems such as e-Faktur and e-Invoicing, it still faces implementation challenges, while Malaysia is more advanced with its integrated and phased API-based e-Invois system. This study examines taxation policy within the framework of Indonesia Core Tax, focusing on the legal aspects of e-Invoicing implementation as part of the digital transformation of tax administration. The analysis covers the hierarchy and functions of legislation, from laws and regulations to Minister of Finance regulations (PMK) and technical regulations of the Directorate General of Taxes (DJP). This study uses a normative legal research method with a legislative approach and a comparative approach to compare Indonesia's digital taxation system with Malaysia's, covering legal structure, legal substance, and legal culture. The results of the study show that although Indonesia has a fairly complete digital legal framework, the implementation of the e-Invoicing system still faces challenges in terms of regulatory consistency and technological readiness. In contrast, Malaysia has already implemented a mandatory and centralized API-based e-Invoice system through a clearance model approach. This study recommends harmonizing digitalization policies in taxation and strengthening the legal system as strategic steps toward more effective and adaptive tax administration.

This study evaluates the implementation of water source conservation and conservation forest policies in Tuban Regency that integrate collaborative methods between various parties and local wisdom. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews with staff from the Environmental Service, representatives of environmental NGOs, traditional leaders, and local communities, coupled with field observations related to the “Adopt a Spring” and “Forest School” programs. The results of the study indicate that the success of the policy is not only supported by local regulations, but also by collaboration involving the government, local communities, the private sector, and educational institutions. Local wisdom, such as the “nyadran sumber” ceremony and traditional protected forest methods, increase the legitimacy and effectiveness of environmental protection. However, obstacles arise as a result of lack of funds, economic pressures, and changes in values ​​among the younger generation. This study suggests sustainability education and cross-sector collaboration forums, strengthening sustainable economic schemes based on ecotourism and agroforestry, and contextual environmental education to maintain the sustainability of the program. These results confirm that conservation policies integrated with local wisdom and cross-sector collaboration can be an innovative model for other regions, while strengthening the paradigm of sustainable development that is responsive to the existing socio-cultural context.

The People’s Palm Oil Replanting Program (PSR) is a national policy aimed at improving the productivity of smallholder plantations through the replanting of aging and unproductive oil palm trees. This study reviews the implementation of PSR in Indonesia by analyzing ten scholarly articles through a literature study approach. The findings indicate that program effectiveness is significantly influenced by technical support such as training, mentoring, the application of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), and strategic partnerships for harvest absorption. However, implementation faces several challenges, including limited human resources, damaged equipment, inadequate funding, prolonged replanting periods, weak coordination among stakeholders, and lack of policy dissemination. Local institutions such as cooperatives (KUD) and farmer groups (Gapoktan) play crucial roles in ensuring program sustainability and inclusiveness by acting as managers and conflict mediators. Although farmers are generally ready and actively participate, regulatory constraints—particularly the requirement of financial guarantors—remain a barrier. The study recommends strengthening local institutional capacity, enhancing stakeholder synergy, and simplifying financial schemes as strategic steps to improve the long-term effectiveness of the PSR program.

This study aims to compare the implementation of Income Tax (Article 21) before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The research uses a descriptive qualitative approach through a literature review of tax regulations, official reports from the Directorate General of Taxes, and academic journals. The results show that prior to the pandemic, Article 21 Income Tax was applied normally with the tax borne by employees. During the pandemic, the government provided tax incentives through the Article 21 Income Tax Borne by the Government (DTP) policy as part of a fiscal stimulus package. After the pandemic, the incentive policy was discontinued and the implementation returned to the normal tax system. This study concludes that fiscal policy is adaptive to crisis conditions, and tax incentives have proven effective in maintaining public purchasing power and encouraging tax compliance.   Keywords: Income Tax, Article 21, COVID-19, Tax Incentives, Fiscal Policy.

Debt-receivable problems are classic problems in economic activities that if not resolved properly can result in legal uncertainty and losses to the parties involved. One of the legal instruments provided in the Indonesian legal system to resolve these disputes is through the bankruptcy mechanism. This study aims to review the legal provisions regarding bankruptcy as regulated in Law Number 37 of 2004 and evaluate the effectiveness of its implementation as a solution to resolving debt-receivable problems. The method used in this study is the normative legal approach, by reviewing statutory provisions, legal doctrine, and court decisions. The results of the study indicate that although normatively the bankruptcy mechanism has a clear legal structure, its implementation in the field still faces obstacles in terms of process efficiency, protection of creditor and debtor rights, and supervision of curators. Therefore, policy updates and optimization of the function of judicial institutions are needed to increase public trust in this mechanism.

This study examines criminal responsibility in the context of utility through LPKA policy, motivated by the increasing involvement of children in deviant behavior that requires a humanistic approach to rehabilitation. Using a legal-normative method with a legal and theoretical approach, the study analyzes the implementation of Jeremy Bentham's utilitarianism in the child rehabilitation system. The results indicate that LPKA has adopted the principle of utilitarianism through a paradigm shift from retributive to restorative, reflected in comprehensive rehabilitation programs encompassing education, skills training, and psychosocial support. However, optimal implementation is hindered by resource constraints and an inadequate evaluation system. The study recommends the development of a sustainable evaluation mechanism that includes long-term indicators to measure effectiveness in accordance with utilitarianism principles.

The problem of waste management in Indonesia is increasingly pressing, with more than 11.3 million tons of waste unmanaged each year. Semarang City, which produces 1,300 tons of waste per day, faces similar challenges with suboptimal waste collection rates. In response to this crisis, the Semarang City Government launched the “Clean Semarang” program with a zero waste approach by strengthening more than 150 community-based waste banks. This study uses a qualitative case study approach to analyze the implementation of the program, the role of waste banks, management challenges, and their contribution to SDGs 11.6 and 12.5. The results show that waste banks play a role in environmental education, reducing waste to landfills, economic empowerment, and cross-sector collaboration. However, unequal community participation, limited infrastructure, and policy barriers remain challenges. This program has proven to be relevant in encouraging sustainable waste management and can be a model for replication in other cities.

Inclusive empowerment is a village development approach that emphasizes the active involvement of vulnerable groups—such as women, the elderly, people with disabilities , and the poor—in all stages of planning through to evaluation. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the Village-Owned Enterprises ( BUMDes ) program in Daha Utara District, South Kalimantan, in ensuring participation and accessibility for these groups. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through interviews with BUMDes managers and representatives of vulnerable groups. The evaluation was conducted based on William N. Dunn's six policy indicators: effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, fairness, responsiveness , and accuracy. The results show that the BUMDes program has had a limited positive impact on increasing the income of vulnerable groups, but their involvement is still limited, both in terms of participation and physical access. The main challenges include the lack of disability- friendly infrastructure , minimal capacity training, and community resistance due to low program transparency. On the other hand, local cultural support such as mutual cooperation, involvement of traditional leaders, and partnerships with the village government are important supporting factors. This study recommends increasing human resource capacity, strengthening inclusive infrastructure, socialization based on local wisdom, and adaptive digitalization to expand access. With strategic intervention, BUMDes is expected to be able to transform into a driving force for fair, participatory and sustainable village development.

The plastic waste emergency in Denpasar reflects an ecological and social crisis due to the accumulation of single-use plastics. In response, the Bali Provincial Government issued Governor Regulation No. 97/2018, though its implementation remains limited. This study analyzes forms of community resistance to the policy and identifies structural causes and implications. Using a qualitative approach grounded in Cultural Studies, the research reveals resistance in passive, symbolic, and active forms, driven by information asymmetry, economic burdens, and lack of participatory policy-making. Findings show resistance as an articulation of agency within power/knowledge relations. The study concludes that environmental policy success depends on authentic public engagement as subjects of change.

Natuna waters are the most vulnerable area to illegal fishing because there is abundant potential for fishery resources. It was recorded that from May to December 2016, there were 280 foreign vessels in Natuna waters, which resulted in economic losses of 2.98 trillion Rupiah. This study aims to examine and assess the policies and actions that the Indonesian government has implemented in overcoming illegal fishing activities in the area. The results of this study are that the Natuna Waters Area is part of the Indonesian Archipelago Sea Lane (ALKI) and functions as a global waterway. The Natuna Waters Area borders with neighboring countries and is connected to open waters, making it vulnerable to illegal fishing activities. The Indonesian government's strategy in dealing with cases of unlawful fishing in Natuna waters effectively increases the protection of state sovereignty and marine resources through policies such as sinking ships and maritime diplomacy. However, this implementation policy overcomes obstacles in the form of intimidation from other countries, such as China, and weaknesses in supervision and coordination between domestic institutions, which can affect microorganisms in fisheries management and maritime security in the area.

Organizing government affairs in the land sector is The National Land Agency (BPN) holds the authority to manage land-related affairs, including the administrative resolution of land disputes within its jurisdiction.The foundation for BPN's ability to act as a mediator and assist the parties in identifying several options for settling conflicts without resorting to decision-making or coercion is Regulation of the Head of BPN No. 11 of 2016. To put it another way, this research approach combines qualitative legal data analysis with a normative legal research methodology. Land disputes that fall under BPN's purview are the focus of this study. A peace agreement signed by involving the disputing parties and the mediator, along with documented proceedings of the mediation process signed by the mediator, document the agreement achieved in the event that mediation is successful. The peace accord that the BPN mediator mediated is exclusively.

The development of digital technology has provided convenience in various aspects of life, but also presents new challenges in the form of cybercrime. One of the increasingly widespread modes in Indonesia is the spread of APK (Android Package Kit)-based malware via short messages offering fake job vacancies or fictitious package notifications. When the victim downloads and installs the application, the perpetrator gains access to personal data and banking accounts, which are then used for criminal acts. This phenomenon causes great financial and emotional losses for the community and tests the effectiveness of criminal law in dealing with technology-based cybercrime. This study uses a normative juridical approach with an analysis of laws and regulations, scientific literature, and actual case studies. The results of the study show that the perpetrators can be charged with Articles 30, 32, and 35 of the ITE Law, as well as provisions in the new Criminal Code. However, the implementation of law enforcement still faces challenges, such as digital evidence, limited investigator capacity, and minimal cross-country cooperation. Therefore, cyber law policy reform, increasing digital literacy in the community, and strengthening coordination between law enforcement agencies are needed.

Yemen's protracted crisis has severely disrupted the educational sector, rendering the implementation of national education policies inconsistent and largely ineffective. This article explores the major challenges faced in executing educational policies in post-crisis Yemen, focusing on the gap between well-formulated regulatory frameworks and the realities of field implementation. Drawing upon a qualitative literature review and document analysis, the study identifies several critical barriers, including political instability, inadequate infrastructure, funding shortages, and regional disparities. The analysis also highlights the resilience of local actors and communities who often act as de facto education providers in the absence of centralized governance. Findings suggest that the success of post-crisis education policy in Yemen depends not only on formal regulation but also on adaptive, community-driven implementation mechanisms. The study concludes with strategic recommendations to bridge the policy-practice gap through decentralized governance, international partnerships, and targeted investment in teacher development and school reconstruction. These insights contribute to a broader understanding of educational recovery in fragile and conflict-affected settings.

Regulation plays an important role in the public sector as a legal foundation and reference in the implementation of governance. This article discusses regulation and its developments in the public sector of Indonesia, highlighting its functions, purposes, dynamics, and challenges in its implementation. Regulation aims to create legal certainty, enhance bureaucratic efficiency, protect public interests, and ensure the quality of public services. Over time, regulation has undergone significant changes, especially after the era of reform and digitalization, which has encouraged increased transparency through e-government and technology-based services. However, the implementation of regulations still faces obstacles such as overlapping rules, weak policy evaluation, and low public legal literacy. These challenges demand reforms that are not only normative, but also strengthen institutional capacity and public participation. Information technology is also an important tool to support adaptive and responsive regulations to the needs of the community. Through a literature review and policy analysis, this article concludes that sustainable regulatory reform is needed to support better, efficient, and public service-oriented governance that is fair and accountable.

The implementation of blue economy policies in Tanjungpinang City, the capital of Riau Islands Province, aims to foster sustainable urban development by leveraging marine and coastal resources. This study explores the potential and opportunities of blue economy principles to enhance economic growth, social welfare, and environmental sustainability. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the research evaluates local government policy documents and collaborates with industry stakeholders to assess the impact of these policies. Findings reveal that Tanjungpinang’s strategic maritime location supports significant fishery production (118,661 tons in 2023) and tourism growth, creating jobs and reducing coastal poverty. Key programs include sustainable marine resource management, fishery processing industry development, human resource capacity building, market access optimization, eco-friendly infrastructure, and environmental policy enforcement. These initiatives promote ecological sustainability, economic value, and social inclusivity. However, challenges such as limited processing scales, resource continuity, and environmental pollution persist. The study underscores the need for coordinated governance, technological investment, and community participation to ensure long-term benefits. Tanjungpinang’s blue economy model offers a replicable framework for sustainable urban development in coastal regions.

The growth of population and rapid urbanization in metropolitan areas have triggered a significant increase in waste volume, including in the city of Bandung. This study aims to analyze the implementation of waste management policies using the Soft System Methodology (SSM), particularly through the CATWOE analysis framework. The research was conducted in three sub-districts with distinct characteristics—Coblong, Arcamanik, and Cinambo through in-depth interviews with key stakeholders and field observations. The findings reveal that programs such as Kang Pisman and TPS3R face major challenges related to public participation, cross-sectoral coordination, and limited resources. The CATWOE analysis identifies the need for system improvement by considering the perspectives of all stakeholders: the community (Customer), technical implementers (Actor), policy makers (Owner), and external environmental factors (Environment) that influence the effectiveness of waste management policies.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) remain a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, with chronic inflammation as a key pathophysiological mechanism. Antioxidants from fruits and vegetables have demonstrated potential to modulate inflammatory immune responses, thus contributing to NCD prevention. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of fruit and vegetable consumption promotion policies in preventing NCDs by modulating inflammatory immune responses in Nabire District in 2025. The research employed a mixed-methods design, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative data from 384 adult respondents. Data were gathered through food consumption surveys, inflammatory biomarker analysis (CRP, IL-6, TNF-α), and an evaluation of policy implementation. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted using SPSS 28.0 and R version 4.3.0. Results revealed that average fruit and vegetable consumption in Nabire residents remained below the WHO recommended intake (289g/day vs. 400g/day), although there was a noticeable improvement compared to previous years. A significant negative correlation was found between antioxidant intake and inflammatory biomarkers (r=-0.478, p<0.001). Policy implementation reached 74% coverage with a 62% compliance rate, indicating significant improvements in reach compared to prior assessments. The study concludes that fruit and vegetable consumption promotion policies show enhanced potential in modulating inflammatory immune responses for NCD prevention. However, continued efforts in strengthening policy implementation and adopting innovative monitoring strategies, particularly through digital health technologies, are essential for achieving sustained impact

Climate change represents an urgent global crisis that demands immediate and collaborative action. In Indonesia, youth have emerged as crucial stakeholders in the implementation of climate change policies. This study explores the strategic role of young people in advancing climate action, focusing on their engagement through two major non-governmental organizations: WALHI (Wahana Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia) and Greenpeace Indonesia. Adopting a qualitative library research method, the study examines secondary sources, reports, and publications to assess how these organizations empower and mobilize youth in climate advocacy. The findings highlight that youth are not passive observers but active contributors to climate governance. Through educational campaigns, social media activism, public demonstrations, and grassroots initiatives, young individuals raise environmental awareness, promote sustainable practices, and exert social and political pressure on government institutions. Their participation fosters democratic engagement, enhances policy responsiveness, and encourages the inclusion of long-term environmental perspectives in national and regional development agendas. Furthermore, youth play a critical role in bridging scientific knowledge with community-based practices, often initiating innovative and context-sensitive solutions tailored to local environmental challenges. Their digital literacy and ability to build networks across diverse societal sectors amplify their effectiveness in shaping public discourse and influencing policy outcomes. This study concludes that empowering youth is fundamental to achieving meaningful and lasting climate action. Their involvement strengthens both mitigation and adaptation efforts, positioning them as key agents of change who are not only directly impacted by climate change but also committed to securing a more sustainable and just environmental future for Indonesia.

Community-based waste management is a strategic step toward achieving sustainable development in Gresik Regency, Indonesia. This policy aims to reduce waste volume, raise community awareness, and support the vision of a Green Regency. This study evaluates the implementation and effectiveness of community-based waste management policies using a qualitative case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis, then analyzed thematically to identify supporting and hindering factors influencing program success. The findings indicate that while progress has been made, significant challenges remain, including low levels of socialization, limited infrastructure, and weak inter-agency coordination. Community participation depends heavily on local leaders and facilitators, and the sustainability of institutions such as waste banks and management groups has yet to be evenly distributed. Adequate infrastructure, such as integrated waste processing facilities (TPS3R), is crucial and needs enhancement. Barriers like a lack of technical experts, cultural habits of indiscriminate waste disposal, and insufficient funding hinder the achievement of policy objectives. This evaluation underscores the necessity for increased education, institutional strengthening, and improved infrastructure to accelerate behavioral change and boost community participation. The results are expected to inform local government strategies for more effective implementation toward realizing a sustainable and environmentally friendly Gresik. An integrated and holistic approach is essential for optimizing waste management, creating a cleaner, healthier, and sustainable environment.