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Educational psychology plays an important role in the context of learning in primary schools. Educational psychology helps teachers understand the basics of educational psychology, learning theories in psychology, and various learning methods that can be used. Educational psychology also contributes to the development of educational curriculum, student character building, and evaluation of learning outcomes.One of the relevant learning theories is cybernetic learning theory. This theory considers learning as information processing, where the information system processed and learned by students becomes more important than the learning process itself. In the context of learning in primary schools, educational psychology has several important roles. First, educational psychology helps in the development of educational curriculum. In curriculum development, educational psychology considers students' affective, cognitive, and psychomotor aspects. Educational psychology also plays a role in shaping students' character through the implementation of culture and disciplinary rules in schools.

Hemodialisa merupakan terapi pengganti ginjal bagi pasien dengan diagnosa medis gagal ginjal kronik, utamanya pada stadium akhir. Terapi ini dilakukan sepanjang hidup sehingga pasien rentan mengalami ketidakseimbangan masalah baik fisik, psikologis, sosial maupun spiritual. Lamanya terapi hemodialisa memberikan respon yang berbeda – beda pada setiap pasien. Timbulnya perasaan kesepian akibat kurangnya support keluarga, kekhawatiran yang berlebihan terhadap komplikasi, bahkan ansietas dan stress terhadap ancaman kematian. Apabila tingkat spiritual pasien rendah, maka pasien tidak akan mendapatkan tujuan hidup dengan baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan lama hemodialisa dengan pemenuhan kebutuhan spiritual pasien yang menjalani terapi hemodialisa. Desain penelitian ini cross sectional yang melibatkan 62 responden dengan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil analisis statistic menggunakan uji spearman rank menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan lama hemodialisa dengan pemenuhan kebutuhan spiritual pasien yang menjalani terapi hemodialisa (p= 0.000).

The era of globalization that we are living in has brought major changes in various aspects of human life. In the midst of the era of globalization, new challenges and opportunities emerge. Society is becoming more open to different cultures and world views. The birth of artificial intelligence (AI) has become a historical milestone that defines the journey of human technology. However, the role of AI is not only limited to the business sector. In everyday life, we interact with virtual assistants, recommendation systems, and other AI technologies. Qualitative research is a research approach that aims to understand and explain social phenomena through in-depth analysis of non-numerical data. This research method is more inductive, where theory develops as data is collected and analyzed. The data collection process in qualitative research involves direct interaction with participants (interviews and FGDs), in-depth observation, or data analysis. Qualitative data analysis involves the process of coding, categorizing, and organizing patterns of findings. Using qualitative analysis software such as NVivo or Atlas.ti can make complex data management and analysis easier. The time period used in this research is 4 months, starting September 2023 – December 2023. The research results show that AI can have both positive and negative influences on Generation Z. Apart from that, AI is also able to have positive and negative impacts on Generation Z. This research even shows extraordinary and unexpected findings.

Bullying is a term for acts of violence or bullying committed by stronger parties both in terms of age, strength, power to the weak. Forms of bullying behavior are physical bullying, verbal bullying and mental / psychological bullying that can have a negative impact on the victim, such as bruises, wounds, pain, timidity, etc. and for the long term namely disruption of psychological conditions and poor social adjustment. The role of educational psychologyCounselors have an important role in preventing and overcoming bullying in schools, for that efficient and comprehensive services are needed to all students by using various skills and media that can help the performance of educational psychology in dealing with bullying.

In higher education settings, undergraduates also face complex dynamics that include academic pressures, social changes, and personal development demands which can negatively impact aspects of psychological well-being in students. Various elements can affect a person's psychological well-being, including culture, age, gender, and the way a person interprets experiences in their life. This study aims to determine the effect of optimism and problem-solving skills on psychological well-being in college students. This research is correlational quantitative research. The subjects in this study amounted to 135 students. The sampling technique used is random sampling. The results showed that the F value was 152.525 with a significant value of p = 0.000 where (p <0.05) which means that there is a significant effect of optimism and problem-solving ability on psychological well-being, so Ha is accepted and the R2 coefficient value (R Square) of 0.835 or (84%) which this value shows the influence of optimism and problem-solving ability on psychological well-being by 84% while the remaining 16% is influenced by other variables not examined. This study concludes that optimism and problem-solving ability affect psychological well-being positively and significantly, which means that the more optimism and problem-solving ability increase, the more psychological well-being levels will increase

This research investigates the psychological impact of cyberbullying on individuals' self-concept and analyzes the strategies and coping mechanisms used to reduce the negative consequences that arise. Using a qualitative approach, in-depth interviews were conducted with a number of participants who had experienced cyberbullying. Findings suggest variation in how individuals respond to these experiences, with some experiencing reduced self-esteem, while others develop adaptive strategies to cope with the psychological impact. Social support, developing mental resilience, self-reflection, managing social media, and seeking professional help were identified as key strategies. The results of this study provide in-depth insight into the complexity of the impact and individual responses to cyberbullying, and provide a foundation for the development of more effective interventions.

This study aims to determine the phenomenon of the Madonna Whore Complex in the beautiful book Luka. The Madonna Whore Complex is a psychological theory proposed by the father of psychology, Sigmund Freud. In this theory, humanitas are separated into two kinds, namely, madonna, which means holy, love, and asexual. While whore, which means sexual, lust, and broken, People with this complex compartmentalize their partners into two camps: those who are considered to be lustful and life partners. This is due to the split between the flow of affection and the sexual flow in male desire. This phenomenon makes a person unable to see his partner sexually. The issues raised in the beautiful book Luka are about prostitution, feminism, and gender inequality. The method used in this study is to use qualitative methods that are expected to be able to determine the values contained in the beautiful book based on The Theory of Madonna Whore Complex by Sigmund Freud. This study shows the results of the analysis of intrinsic elements through sexual behavior contained in the beautiful book Luka related to the Madonna Whore Complex theory proposed by Sigmund Freud.

In recent years, there has been an alarming increase in crime cases in Indonesia, sometimes linked to psychiatric symptoms. Psychosis is a form of mental disorder characterized by a lack of personal organization and integration, an inability to take moral responsibility, and frequent conflicts with social norms and laws due to illness.mental, created by your own imagination.This study aims to describe the phenomenon of psychopathic behavior in Jealoucy's novel Heartbeat  using a literary psychology approach, specifically using Sigmund Freud's theory of psychopathic personality disorder.Basically, literary psychology deals with the psychology of fictional characters in literary works. The data analysis technique used is a qualitative descriptive technique. Based on the results of several studies, it can be seen that (1) the psychopathic behavior of the characters in Jealoucy's novel Heartbeat  is known to be based on specific behavioral characteristics of psychopaths, specifically, their penchant for manipulation and action. aggressive, brutal behavior, without remorse or guilt, capable of recognizing forms of psychopathic behavior  divided into 3 types: mild, moderate and severe. (2) The factors that cause the characters in the novel Heartbeat to have psychopathic behaviorare genetic factors and environmental factors.

In recent years, there has been an alarming increase in crime cases in Indonesia, sometimes linked to psychiatric symptoms. Psychosis is a form of mental disorder characterized by a lack of personal organization and integration, an inability to take moral responsibility, and frequent conflicts with social norms and laws due to illness.mental, created by your own imagination.This study aims to describe the phenomenon of psychopathic behavior in Jealoucy's novel Heartbeat  using a literary psychology approach, specifically using Sigmund Freud's theory of psychopathic personality disorder.Basically, literary psychology deals with the psychology of fictional characters in literary works. The data analysis technique used is a qualitative descriptive technique. Based on the results of several studies, it can be seen that (1) the psychopathic behavior of the characters in Jealoucy's novel Heartbeat  is known to be based on specific behavioral characteristics of psychopaths, specifically, their penchant for manipulation and action. aggressive, brutal behavior, without remorse or guilt, capable of recognizing forms of psychopathic behavior  divided into 3 types: mild, moderate and severe. (2) The factors that cause the characters in the novel Heartbeat to have psychopathic behaviorare genetic factors and environmental factors.

Literary work is a work of imagination expressed in written form by a writer. These literary works are created by writers for aesthetic purposes. Literary works often tell a story, plot, characterization and conflict background. Stories based on essays or true stories produced as literary works, to convey ideas and positive messages from the author to readers. The method used in this research is qualitative analysis and is linked to Maslow's Needs theory. Needs are very often called basic needs which are described as a hierarchy that describes the levels of needs, namely, physiological needs, safety, social needs, ego, and self-actualization. The method used is related to the conditions and situations of the subject in the novel. In the novel Dear Nathan, there are characters that will be discussed, namely Nathan, Salma, Daniel, Ardi (Papa Nathan), and Mama Meli (Mama Nathan), the characters consist of character, protagonist, antagonist, tritagonist. Mixed storyline, sad, happy, touched, regretful. Messages in the novel: Be grateful, learn to understand, give love, be sincere, be loyal, keep promises, make sacrifices, be faithful. In this research, it is hoped that readers can understand the message given by the author.

This research aims to determine the relationship between adaptive leadership, work ethic and employee work productivity with psychological capital as a mediating variable. The method used in this research is a quantitative method. Data collection was carried out by random sampling by distributing questionnaires to PT employees. Japfa Comfeed Indonesia, Tbk which is then processed using SmartPLS. The natural population of this research are employees who work at PT. Japfa Comfeed Indonesia, Tbk with a sample size of 50 people.

Psychological well-being is something that is important in realizing the tasks of adolescent development. This research uses a qualitative method carried out with a phenomenological approach. Phenomenological research is a type of qualitative research that looks and hears more closely and in detail an individual's explanation and understanding of their experiences. The subjects in this study were 7 people. The results of this research show that the level of psychological well-being of TPQ teachers who are still teenagers is still relatively high. Furthermore, the aspects of self-acceptance, positive relationships with others, self-acceptance, positive relationships with others, mastery of the environment, life goals and personal growth are also at a high level.

People with mental disorders (ODGJ) need special attention and support so they can live more independently and prosperously. Individual empowerment is an effective approach to provide support and assistance for ODGJ in improving their psychological well-being and improving the individual's quality of life. This research will explore how ODGJ are able to channel their potential through involvement in batik skills. This research uses a qualitative approach which aims to obtain an overview of individual empowerment through batik skills in improving the psychological well-being of ODGJ at the Bina Laras Harapan Sentosa Social Home 3. Based on the research results, empowering batik skills at PSBLHS3 has a positive impact on the psychological well-being of ODGJ by exploring potential , increase creativity, and form positive attitudes and improve the quality of social relationships. The program provides opportunities for autonomy, self-acceptance, and positive social interactions, thereby improving mental health and overall well-being. Thus, empowering batik skills has helped improve the psychological well-being of ODGJ at the Bina Laras Harapan Sentosa 3 Social Home. Batik skills are an effective means of providing support, empowerment and improving the quality of life for social assistance residents with mental disorders.

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of servant leadership on individual performance in the psychological mediation of empowerment. This research uses a quantitative approach with the employee population of PT Trikayarasa Jaya Food in Sidoarjo. The sample used was 70 employees of PT Trikayarasa Jaya Food. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires. The analysis in this research uses Partial Least Square (PLS) with SmartPLS 4.0 software. There are two model specifications used in PLS, namely: outer and inner models. The results of this research found that servant leadership influences individual performance, servant leadership influences the psychology of empowerment, individual performance influences the psychology of empowerment, psychology of empowerment mediates servant leadership on individual performance.

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of servant leadership on individual performance in the psychological mediation of empowerment. This research uses a quantitative approach with the employee population of PT Trikayarasa Jaya Food in Sidoarjo. The sample used was 70 employees of PT Trikayarasa Jaya Food. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires. The analysis in this research uses Partial Least Square (PLS) with SmartPLS 4.0 software. There are two model specifications used in PLS, namely: outer and inner models. The results of this research found that servant leadership influences individual performance, servant leadership influences the psychology of empowerment, individual performance influences the psychology of empowerment, psychology of empowerment mediates servant leadership on individual performance.

This research discusses the personality and emotions of the character Saka in the novel Egocentric by Syahid Muhammad. The aim of the research is to explain an in-depth and detailed understanding of the personality structure and emotional classification of the Saka character. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The approach used is literary psychology using Sigmund Freud's personality theory and David Krech's emotional classification theory. The data for this research is a quote from the novel Egocentric by Syahid Muhammad. The data collection method in this research uses the literature study method. The results and discussion show that Saka's character has an id, ego and superego personality structure and shows Saka's emotional classification.

  This research aims to conduct a literary psychological study of the novel entitled Hai, Luka by Mezty Mez. This novel was written by a famous author who describes the complexity of the emotions and psychological conditions of the main character. This research explores the psychological elements contained in the novel and analyzes their influence on the character development of the main character. The method used in this research is qualitative method. The results of the research show that the classification of emotions in Dante's character is in the form of guilt, buried guilt, self-punishment, shame, sadness, hatred and love. In this case, the novel Hai, Luka provides a deeper understanding of the complexity of the characters and psychological conditions depicted through literary works. This research contributes to the field of literary psychology studies by revealing how authors use psychological elements to shape characters and stimulate emotional responses in readers    

The family is the first and main environment for a child to receive education, guidance and instill different values ​​and norms and develop various behaviors that are important for personal life, family and the environment. Parental division will lead to arguments and anger so that these emotions will tend to dominate the child's emotions. Based on the explanation above, researchers are interested in studying the impact of parental divorce on children's character. This research seeks to reveal how character formation influences children's psychology from the impact of parental divorce. In this research, descriptive qualitative methods were used. because to explore a particular case by conducting data mining to understand the case in detail (Tobing, H. et al., 2016). Researchers try to understand events or phenomena regarding the impact of parental divorce on the formation of children's character. According to Moh. Nazir (1988).

Abstract. Language is a central part of human intelligence, it is important for us to understand how and when language is mastered as well as the social cognitive and neurological facts that influence language development at an early age.  Language is a symbol system that is an important means of communication, even though we cannot communicate in other ways such as gestures, postures or facial expressions, language is our most flexible method of communication.  Language allows us to describe the past and make plans for the future.  Language allows us to convey traditional ideas and values to the next generation, thus language is of the most important cultural and social importance.  Research using this method is carried out by comparing research methods, processing methods, and the results obtained from each article.  The research source comes from articles obtained via the internet in the form of research articles discussing infancy development.The research results show.  Speaking is a means of communication to be able to communicate with other people, all individuals must be able to master two different functions, the ability to grasp the meaning that other people want to communicate and the ability to communicate with other people in such a way that they can be understood.  Early social experiences play an important role in determining future social relationships and patterns of behavior toward others.  Learning to behave in a moral manner that is accepted by those around you is a long and slow process.  But the basics are laid in infancy and it is based on these basics that babies develop moral codes that guide their behavior when they grow up.

Abstract. Development is a pattern of changes experienced by an individual from the time they are still in the womb until a certain period of life.  Development generally involves growth (progress) but at certain times it will involve aging.  This development is the result of the maturity process and learning experiences of each individual.  Development is closely related to tempo and rhythm, it is integral to it.  Individuals who experience development can be marked by certain characteristics, but it is not uncommon for individuals to be less aware of the changes that have occurred to them.  This research uses a critical review method, which involves careful examination and evaluation of various sources of information, such as scientific journals, articles and other media.  The main aim of this approach is to improve the reader’s understanding and interpretation skills in the context of prenatal, early childhood and child development psychology while offering a critical assessment of the material reviewed.  In addition, a critical review requires identifying important topics in the literature, analyzing the methodology used, and evaluating the strengths and limitations of the sources studied.  In development, there is a pattern of changes experienced by individuals from the time they are still in the womb up to a certain period of life. In a child’s life there are two processes that have the potential to be continuous, namely growth and development. In this case, both processes have stages, including moral and spiritual stages.