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The most common learning difficulties faced by Primary school students are difficulties in learning to read. In second-grade students of SD Negeri 4 Dukuhwaluh, this problem was also found, so this study aims to describe students' initial reading difficulties. This research used a descriptive qualitative research method of a case study. The subjects of this study included 9 students who had difficulty in reading, class teachers, and 9 students' parents. Observation, interviews, and document analysis were used to collect data. The validity test of the data used data and technique triangulations. Data analysis techniques used the Miles Huberman model; data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Reading difficulties for second-grade students of SD Negeri 4 Dukuhwaluh were experienced by 9 students. The results showed that initial reading difficulties included the following: a) difficulty in recognizing letters, there were 2 students who did not recognize letters from A to Z. b) difficulty in reading diphthongs, there were 4 students who did not want to pronounce any letters or stuttered when reading diphthongs. c) difficulty in reading words, there were 4 students who were not fluent in reading words or were still spelling. d) not proficient in reading consonants, there were 2 students who only knew a few consonants, and e) not yet fluent in reading sentences, there were 9 students who were still not fluent in reading sentences. It can be concluded that the difficulties experienced by the 9 students were various.

To find out students' understanding or competence in writing argumentative essays, the right way to do this is to classify the types of student errors in essays, especially in the aspects of spelling, diction and vocabulary mastery used. It aims to make students more active in learning with adequate vocabulary mastery, so that they can compose each sentence properly and effectively. From the results of this study, it appears that, in general, class VII 2 students of SMP Muhammadiyah Mamuju still experience difficulties in mastering writing based on the General Guidelines for Indonesian Spelling (PUEBI). These errors can be seen from the number of students who experience writing errors in writing the first word at the beginning of each sentence, the placement of punctuation marks that are not appropriate, the writing of city names using lowercase letters. In addition, there are still students who have difficulty distinguishing di- as an affix and di- as a preposition and the use of conjunctions or connecting words at the beginning of sentences that are not quite right and writing conjunctions with capital letters at the beginning of words.    

The COVID-19 pandemic that has occurred throughout the world, including Indonesia, has greatly impacted teaching and learning activities in schools. The learning process that is usually done face-to-face has now turned into online learning, this underlies the emergence of learning difficulties in students. This problem is the background of this research which will see how the difficulties of students in online learning. This study aims to determine student learning difficulties in the online learning process during the covid-19 pandemic in class VIII at MTs Negeri 1 Kolaka. The type of research used in this research is descriptive qualitative research. The number of samples used were 50 students of class VIII MTs 1 Kolaka taken by random sampling technique. The instrument used in this study is a questionnaire with a total of 20 statement items. Students' learning difficulties can be seen from 3 indicators, namely technical difficulties, implementation of learning and difficulties of external factors. The results of this study indicate that the technical difficulty indicator is 36% in the "very high" category. Indicators of learning implementation 38% in the "medium" category. The external factor difficulty indicator is 40% in the “high” category. Overall the average. of the questionnaire data obtained was 58.22% with the highest percentage of 40% being in the "medium" category. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that learning difficulties in online learning are moderate.

Morphology is one of the linguistic sciences that discusses the ins and outs of word formation such as compositum. Compositum is a combination of two words but the elements of compositum can be two or more words. Compositum has a word component as its forming element which has a special pattern so that it is different from other word combinations, such as idioms and phrases. The difference can be seen in terms of the level of meaning. Compositum can be classified into several types, namely based on the cohesiveness of meaning, the type of words of the elements, the distribution system, the complexity, and the language origin of the elements. Based on the cohesiveness of meaning, compositum consists of semicompound and non-compound compositum. Semicompound compositum is a compound word whose meaning is still related to the meaning of one of its elements. Meanwhile, a non-compound (tenuous) compositum is a compound word whose meaning is still related to the meaning of all its elements. Thus, many readers still do not know how semicompound and uncompound composites can be formed in Kahlil Gibran's poetry collection. In learning, there are still many educators who have not conveyed about compositum so that students do not know and have difficulty in determining compositum. Descriptive qualitative is the method used in this research. The purpose of this research is to analyze and describe semi-compound and non-compound compositum in a collection of poems by Kahlil Gibran. Based on the results of the analysis, there are 33 data including compositum based on the unity of meaning, namely 11 data showing semicompound compositum and 22 data including non-compound compositum.  

This study aims to analyze the use of Bloom's Taxonomy in identifying the difficulty level of questions in mathematics in elementary schools. Bloom's taxonomy is a classification framework used to classify learning objectives into six different levels, namely knowledge, understanding, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. The research subjects were 15 students in class V at SDN Karet 2, Tangerang Regency. The research method used was content analysis, in which questions in mathematics textbooks for elementary schools were analyzed based on Bloom's Taxonomy categories. The data collected included the difficulty level of the questions based on Bloom's taxonomy and the distribution of the difficulty levels of the questions in mathematics textbooks. The results showed that the level of difficulty of the questions in mathematics in elementary schools varied and could be classified based on Bloom's taxonomy. Most of the items focus on levels of knowledge and understanding, with a few items testing students' abilities to apply, analyze, synthesize, and evaluate mathematical concepts. This shows that there is a tendency to emphasize understanding concepts rather than applying concepts in learning mathematics in elementary schools.

Coffee is an agricultural product that not only functions as a fresh drink, but also comes from an annual plant. Indonesia is known as one of the largest countries in coffee production in the world after Brazil, Vietnam and Colombia in 2017. There are two of the most commonly known varieties of coffee, namely arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) and robusta coffee (Coffea canephora). Due to the similarities between the two types of coffee beans, many people, especially those who are not experienced in the world of coffee, have difficulty telling the difference. Therefore, we need a tool that can help overcome this problem, such as smartengine which can classify arabica and robusta coffee beans. The development of this smartengine follows the Software Developer Life Cycle method using a spiral approach which involves several cycle stages. The first stage involves creating a deep learning model using the Deep Learning Life Cycle method which consists of several steps. In the second stage, deep learning models are provided as a service that can be used by other applications through application programming interfaces (APIs). For smartengine implementation, Google Colab with Keras API and TensorFlow backend is used. This smartengine has the ability to detect coffee beans and also allows the retrain process if needed. Testing is carried out using the blackbox method, where the feature functionality of the smartengine is tested. This research succeeded in developing a smartengine that can detect Arabica and Robusta coffee beans.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the causes of learning difficulties for elementary school students in learning mathematics, and to find out what materials students think are difficult to understand in learning mathematics. This study uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. The aim of the research is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method to evaluate, review and recognize relevant research so as to be able to answer questions on the specified research. The results of the study show that the factors causing learning difficulties for elementary school students in learning mathematics are, that internal factors include (1) Interest, students who are less interested in participating in mathematics learning, plus students in the class who are less focused and serious in participating in the teaching and learning process as seen by students always leads to the outside of the class when the teacher explains the material, (2) Factors of students' learning habits, less precise learning of students who only study when there is a test (3) Health factors of students, can affect the level of concentration of students in learning mathematics, if the student body is lacking healthy then it can affect student learning outcomes.

The purpose of this study was to improve student achievement in class XI AK.2 SMK St. Willibrodus Betun in Accounting subject through the application of peer tutoring learning methods. The problems faced are the lack of student interest in accounting subjects, and the difficulty of maintaining focus during class. This has a negative impact on their academic performance. The proposed solution involves utilizing the peer tutoring method, whereby students receive assistance from their classmates in understanding accounting concepts. The research was conducted using the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method and involved 20 students as research subjects. The results showed that there was a significant increase in student achievement after the application of the peer tutoring method. In cycle I, 13 students successfully completed their studies with an average formative test score of 74.50 and a percentage of learning completeness of 65.00. In cycle II there was an increase in the number of students who completed their studies, with a total of 18 students. The average score of formative tests also increased to 88.00, and the percentage of complete learning reached 90.00. The conclusion drawn is that peer tutoring is an effective learning method in improving the academic achievement of Accounting students.

This article discusses the teacher's perception of Problem Based Learning to improve students' thinking skills. Critical thinking is something that every individual has in developing abilities. This model can be applied to increase student excellence in thinking to find a way out of a problem through direct experience and student knowledge. Problem Based Learning is a learning model that is given based on problems, where students are given a problem and asked to solve the problem critically. Researchers use descriptive qualitative because the information collected is in the form of verbal. Samples were taken from fifth grade elementary school teachers. This study states that students' ability to think in grade V elementary school increases by implementing PBL-based learning. Before using the PBL model in class V students, learning was too monotonous, lack of enthusiasm and passivity, and students also had difficulty understanding the material, less sharp dexterity of opinion, students' excess in thinking was less developed and less flexible. However, after using the PBL learning model, students' ability to think in class V is increasing in solving problems, students also become more responsive to the essence of the problem, students also become creative, active and critical and are increasingly able to find solutions to a problem, as well as students' thinking skills. growing and flexible.

This study aims to analyze the causes of writing skills. Grade IV elementary school students involved in this research. In this case the author uses the library research method, which is research conducted by analyzing and making written literature in scientific journals as well as the main source. Writing difficulties are also known as dysgraphia. One of the internal factors that causes students to have difficulty writing is weak fine motor skills, weak visual memory skills, low interest and motivation to learn. And external factors that cause students to have difficulty writing, namely: lack of attention from parents to students, unsupportive home atmosphere, strategies for dealing with writing difficulties through participatory learning in schools that are used by teachers, namely first to provide motivation to students. Second, use interesting learning media in learning to write.

This study aims to analyze reading difficulties in class ll students at SD Negeri 1-7399 Bandar Khalifah and find out the strategies of class ll teacher at SD Negeri 107399 Bandar Khalifah. This type of research uses descriptive qualitative research mothods. The qualitative method is a research method that focuses on in depth observations of the object of research. The subject of this research of this research at SD Negeri 107399 Bandar Khalifah named Mrs. Yustika. In addition, the method of data collection was by interviewing Mrs Yustika at Sd Negeri 107399 Bandar Khalifah. The result showed that students reading difficulties were caused by: 1) Difficulty in recognizing letters, 2) Spelling letters, 3) Lack of understanding of the contents if the reading so that it makes them stammer. The classroom teacher strategy used is: 1) By routinely practicing reading every day and being listened to by the teacher, 2) Give students a reading assignment at home for at least 5 minutes and then repeat ut again at school, 3) Do random guessing games so students will recognize these letters better, 4. Proovide motivation continuously to students, inviliting students to learn to read while playing for example playing word cards and choosing books whose words are easy for students to understand.

Difficulty reading in the lower grades of elementary school is a common problem faced by a number of students. The process of learning to read at this early stage is an important foundation for their future literacy development. Some factors that can affect reading difficulties include intelligence, physical health, sensory abilities, interests, family environment, motivation. In dealing with reading difficulties in the lower grades of elementary school, a holistic and diverse approach is needed. Teachers need to use learning methods that integrate vocabulary understanding, and student interests. In addition, involving parents in providing support and creating an environment that supports reading at home is also important. With the right approach and collaborative effort, students can overcome their reading difficulties and improve their literacy skills. This study aims to understand in depth the factors that cause reading difficulties in the lower grades of elementary school. This article uses a literature study to collect data which is carried out using literary literacy. Methods of data collection using various theoretical references in the field of reading difficulties in low grades related to research. The data sources in this study are in the form of books, journals, research report articles, and internet sites.  

This study aims to find out the difficulties experienced by students in learning English in elementary schools. Analysis of student difficulties was taken from the perspective of observing the teacher when students were learning English in elementary schools. Data collection techniques were carried out through questionnaires via the G-Form, which were distributed via social media with a target of 150 teacher respondents. From the questionnaire carried out by elementary school teachers, it can be concluded that the difficulties experienced by students in learning English at elementary school are inferred. achievement is the unachievedness of students who are not in accordance with the desired target. The difficulty factor in learning English is influenced by internal and external factors. From the results of this study a solution can be found that can be carried out by education in the future. Because English in this globalization era has an important role in various aspects.

The purpose of this study was to find out what strategies were used by students who were active in the UNJ FIS Student Executive Body (BEM) organization. This research was conducted by making a questionnaire which would be answered by students who were active in the UNJ BEM FIS organization. The analytical method used in this study is a qualitative method with a questionnaire model. The results of the study stated that most of them had a good schedule and regular time and some admitted that they sometimes had difficulty managing time. From the results of this study, the average learning strategy they used was to compare priority scales and do the most prioritized things first.

Christian religious education has become an integral part of the education system in many countries around the world. However, with the development of digital technology, new challenges arise in providing relevant and effective Christian religious education to the digital generation. This study aims to investigate the contribution of Christian religious education in facing the digital era. This study uses a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews with Christian religious educators and analysis of related documents. The results of the study show that Christian religious education can make a significant contribution in the digital era by utilizing technology as a learning and communication tool. Christian religious education approaches that are centered on Christian beliefs, values, and teachings remain relevant in the digital era. Technology can be used to access a wider range of Christian religious texts and materials, connect students to the Christian community virtually, and provide platforms for more interactive discussion and reflection. However, this study also identified several challenges in implementing Christian religious education in the digital era, such as the risk of misuse of technology, the tendency to use it passively, and the difficulty in integrating the spiritual dimension in a virtual environment. In order to optimize the contribution of Christian religious education in the digital era, this research recommends adequate training for Christian religious educators in the use of technology, developing relevant and meaningful digital content, and careful monitoring of the use of technology in Christian religious education.

Pondok Pesantren Nurul Qarnain is a pesantren with approximately 3000 students. 65% of these students are students with junior high education who are sitting in Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTS) and Madrasah Diniyah Muadalah Tsanawiyah (MDMT), in other words more than half of the total number of students are children aged 12 to 15 years. Santri, who have just entered adolescence, seem to have difficulty distinguishing between primary, secondary and tertiary needs so that in some findings their consumption behavior tends to be wasteful. This study aims to look fully at how the consumption behavior of students aged 12 years to 15 years who are in the Block E dormitory environment in the view of Imam Al-Ghazali considering that the dormitory is the location of the basic level of yellow book learning at Nurul Qarnain Islamic Boarding School. This research is a phenomenological qualitative research because the type of data explored in the form of information, comments, opinions, or sentences about the phenomenon of consumptive behavior of students of Madrasah Diniyah Mu'is Tsanawiyah Nurul Qarnain Jember Islamic Boarding School, not the views of researchers. First, consumption behavior has three levels or levels of needs, namely: the needs of daruriyat (primary), hajiyat (secondary) and tahsiniyat (tertiary). Second, students of Madrasah Diniyah Muadalah Tsanawiyah in fulfilling their needs give more priority to primary needs, this can be seen from their behavior in meeting school needs such as stationery and uniforms, bathing and washing needs, and paying tuition fees. Secondary needs are met by laundry uniforms by some students who are afraid of being switched, besides that other students prefer to be careful so that uniforms are not lost or switched. The tertiary needs of students are met when they have clothes or supporting products such as perfume and handbody.

Abstract consist of the background of the problem, The results of the interviews also explained that teachers had difficulty making teaching aids or learning media so that they experienced obstacles in providing material to students. Based on the background of the problem and needs analysis, the formulation of the problem is the validity of Exploding Box 3D Audio Visual media, practicality of Exploding Box 3D Audio Visual media, Effectiveness of Exploding Box 3D Audio Visual media. Based on data analysis and discussion of research results, then associated with the formulation of the problem and research objectives, it was concluded that the validation of the media developed by the researchers received an assessment of 94%, meaning that the reliability of the media obtained results worthy of slight revisions. Validation of the material developed by researchers received an assessment reaches 89%, meaning that the reliability of the material in the media gets decent results with a little revision, the practicality validation of the media developed by researchers gets an assessment from the teacher validator reaches 95%, it means that the practicality reliability of the media gets decent results with a little revision, the practical validation of the media developed by researchers gets an assessment From the responses of the students, it was obtained that the percentage mode was ≥ 80% with the category suitable for use. Validation of the effectiveness of the media developed by researchers. From the 10 questionnaire statements, the mode percentage was obtained ≥ 90% with the category suitable for use, and the results of critical thinking test questions from the pretest value of 54% with the value of the increase in the posttest from the value of 95%. Therefore it can be concluded that the pretest data for students' critical thinking skills is very good because they have reached the specified KKM

This research was conducted due to the inaccuracy of SMP Negeri 5 Pati educators in using the learning model used in learning descriptive text writing skills. The application of the lecture-based Discovery Learning model has a negative effect on students becoming inactive and having difficulty describing an object quickly. The learning outcomes obtained by students were also unsatisfactory. Seeing this situation, I am encouraged to seek the application of other learning models to support the success of learning descriptive text writing skills for class VII students of SMP Negeri 5 Pati. The learning model used is the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition model. The data collection method applied is a qualitative method. This research was in class VII B SMP Negeri 5 Pati with a total of 32 students. Data collection techniques applied are test techniques and non-test techniques. From the research conducted, it is explained that learning the skills of writing descriptive text with the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition model can make it easier for students to describe or describe objects quickly. From the research data, the highest score was 86 - 100 (very good) for 24 students and 76 - 85 for 8 students.

This study aims to provide an overview of the suitability of machining engineering majors in the world of work. When the Covid-19 case is on the increase, especially in Indonesia, many graduates of vocational high schools have difficulty finding jobs according to the majors they are interested in, especially in the field of machining engineering expertise. This research method uses descriptive quantitative methods with field data obtained from the results of questionnaires distributed to vocational high school students in the field of machining engineering expertise so that 33 respondents can be analyzed. The results of the study show that there is suitability and incompatibility in finding work due to the impact of Covid-19, factors that can cause this such as students' lack of understanding of distance learning when affected by the Covid-19 outbreak and remote practicum which hinders the growth of students' competence that should be obtained to enter the world of work. In addition, the lack of information related to the world of work was also felt by students when the Covid-19 outbreak attacked Indonesia. Therefore, this research was conducted to find out how suitable graduates of vocational high schools are in finding jobs and in accordance with what they are interested in in their areas of expertise

In Indonesia, English is the first foreign language that is studied as a compulsory subject from junior high school to university. English is a very basic and important requirement in Indonesia. This is evident in the development of the current education system, English has been included as one of the subjects tested in the national exam. Based on the observations of class IX students at SMP Negeri Sukadana, in preparation for the national exam, many students still had difficulty answering English questions: reading skills. One of the causal factors of these student problems is the lack of practice by applying strategies to answer questions and do not have the skills to easily predict questions that will appear during the national exam. In addition, the lack of interest in learning English is also a major factor in learning English. Based on the results of the community service activities, it was shown that class IX students at SMP Negeri Sukadana were motivated so that they could optimize their abilities and skills in answering English questions: reading skills. Thus it can be concluded that in this service program students have gained experience in implementing strategies for quick predictions in identifying the right answers.