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One of the main pillars of effective democracy is freedom of speech, which allows everyone to express their opinions and perspectives freely without fear of facing repressive actions or unjustified barriers. Everyone is entitled to the freedom of association, assembly, and speech, as stated in Article 28E (3) of the 1945 Constitution. The aim of this research is to study the legal aspects of the existence of hate speech on social media. This study examines the current legal framework governing freedom of speech and efforts to protect human rights in relation to racial harassment by reviewing existing legal regulations. The research method employed is literature review (bibliographical study). In legal research, the normative jurisprudence method is based on legal provisions such as human rights books' regulations, as well as information from research journals related to the research subject. Initial research findings suggest that hate speech is not a form of freedom of speech, and society should not respond to hate speech with more hateful speech. Instead, they can report hate speech content to the Ministry of Communication and Informatics for removal. The Information and Electronic Transactions Law (ITE Law) can serve as a resolution due to the existence of hate speech on social media by proving the occurrence of hate speech, whether it involves defamation or hate speech against Ethnicity, Religion, Race, or Inter-group relations.   Keywords: HAM, ITE Law, Hate Speech

This research aims to find out what democratic values ​​are implemented in PPKn subjects at SMPN 19 Malang, the factors inhibiting the implementation of democratic values ​​at SMPN 19 Malang, and how democratic values ​​are implemented in PPKn subjects using the inquiry method at SMPN 19 Malang. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive qualitative research type. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews and documentation. The analysis technique uses triangulation techniques to obtain validity of the data, while the data analysis used in this research is reduction, display and verification. The research results show that, 1) Democratic values ​​have been implemented for a long time and are running well at SMPN 19 Malang. These values ​​consist of: tolerance, cooperation, responsibility, and deliberation to reach consensus. 2) Factors inhibiting implementation are students who violate school regulations and the existence of active and inactive student groups. 3) The implementation of democratic values ​​in PPKn subjects using the inquiry method at SMPN 19 Malang has apparently not been implemented by PPKn teachers. Because students are not yet able to study independently, students lack confidence and are embarrassed when asked to present in front of the class, as well as limited time in teaching and learning activities which means Civics teachers have not implemented learning using the inquiry method.

The direct election of a regional head will produce a regional head and deputy regional head who are qualified, competent and have integrity, according to democratic ideals and the will of the people. In comparison with the pattern of electing regional heads through the election of the Regional People's Representative Council, the pattern of electing regional heads directly requires a lot of funds, the regional government must prepare as well as competing candidates as participants. This study examines the Formation of Reserve Funds for the 2024 Simultaneous Regional Head Elections in Pekalongan Regency, using a qualitative method. The author finds that the Regional Regulation concerning the Establishment of Reserve Funds for the 2024 Concurrent Regional Head Elections is urgently needed, because the costs of holding Regional Head Elections are quite large and need to be budgeted for more than one fiscal year, a Reserve Fund is needed, the budgeting of which is allocated for two years.

Preventing criminal acts of money politics in general elections is an important effort to maintain election integrity and the sustainability of democracy. The practice of money politics can threaten democratic principles, such as justice, participation and accountability. To overcome this problem, public education, information campaigns and community involvement play a crucial role in building public awareness of the dangers of money politics. This article discusses several key issues related to money politics, including factors that influence people to become involved in money politics, the negative impact of money politics on the integrity of elections and democracy, as well as effective strategies for building public awareness. Apart from that, this article also highlights the important role of public education, information campaigns and community involvement in preventing money politics in the 2024 elections. Through this collaborative effort, it is hoped that the public can be actively involved in honest, fair and transparent elections and avoid the rise of politics. Money.

Issuance of General Election Commission Regulation Number 10 of 2023 concerning the Nomination of Members of the DPR, Provincial DPRD and Regency/City DPRD, special wabil Article 8 paragraph (2) raises a new polemic because it is felt to deny the value of the struggle for democracy and the rule of law principle which has been painstakingly built so far sucks. The regulation is considered to reduce and distort the instrument of struggle for women's groups known as the affirmative action quota for women's representation of 30% in Parliament. The purpose of this study is to describe the problems that occur and discuss them in depth through methodological analysis. The research method that the author uses in this work is normative-juridical research with a library research approach which is coupled with gender theory and democratic principles and which is linked to the theme of this research discussion and uses qualitative methods. Research results Based on the description above, the authors conclude that Article 8 paragraph (2) PKPU 10/2023 is contrary to the principles of non-discrimination and the substantive equality and justice approach because it is not in line with the spirit of The Convention on the elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW ) which is further regulated in Law no. 7/1984 concerning the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. Furthermore, the PKPU is not in line with the idea of ​​equality contained in the body of the 1945 Constitution of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia such as Article 27 paragraph (1), Article 28D paragraph (3), Article 28H paragraph (2), and Article 28I paragraph (2). Article 8 paragraph (2) PKPU 10/2023 does not follow up on the essence of the legal norms of Article 245 Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections.  

Based on the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Indonesia is a unitary state that has a democratic government system. The democratic system in Indonesia is listed in Article 1 paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Democracy is a form of state implementation system based on people's sovereignty. Democracy is a government of the people, by the people and for the people. The State of Indonesia is a unitary state which is divided into several regions, for example provinces, districts, cities and villages. The embodiment of the democratic system in Indonesia, which has many regions, is by way of the people from each region holding general elections to determine a government.

The existence of political parties plays a strategic role in the development of democracy and the nation is faced with a number of issues that create a negative impression on these organs, some of which include; first, the problem of involvement of political parties in various cases of corruption and money laundering crimes that have an impact on the fall of public image and trust in the organization; second, the problem of pro and contra accountability of political parties involved in cases of corruption and criminal acts of money laundering before the law; and third, the issue of imposing criminal sanctions on political parties as the subject of corporate offenses known in corruption and money laundering. This research belongs to the typology of juridical normative legal research with secondary data types in the form of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The approach taken includes the comparison, conceptual, statutory, and philosophical approaches, and analyzed descriptively qualitatively through literature. The results of the study show that; first, the justification of political parties as corporations in criminal acts of corruption and criminal acts of money laundering can be seen in five basic perspectives, namely philosophical foundation, juridical basis, historical basis, sociological basis, and political foundation of criminal law; second, the ideal concept of political party punishment as a corporation is carried out with a reconceptualization of the subject of corporate delictions in the affirmation of two types of corporations, namely corporations in the form of private and special corporations or in the form of public with different provisions on punishment arrangements. The need for an amendment to some provisions of the Corruption Law and the TPPU Law related to corporations in accommodating the two types of corporations into a forum for the implementation of ideas, of course issuing a law that contains specific provisions regarding special corporate punishment can be the answer to a myriad of issues regarding criminalization

Youth are an important part of society and have a very strategic role in shaping the future of the country. However, youth are often less involved in the country's political and economic affairs, this creates problems that impact the quality of life of the community. Policies taken by the government often do not have a positive impact on youth, and do not prioritize their interests. This causes youth to not understand the importance of their role in shaping the future of the country and solving the problems they face. This activity aims to provide education to youth about democracy that is healthy, peaceful and in accordance with the time. Therefore, it is important to seek the role of youth in realizing democracy and a stable political economy, so that youth can play a more active role and have a positive impact on society.                                                                                                                               

In Indonesia, science has been taught from an early age, starting from kindergarten to university, which emphasizes on critical thinking skills. Short film is one of the literary works in the form of audiovisual which is considered capable of helping improve students' critical thinking skills. In collaboration with the Dialectika Institute, a mass media institution engaged in civil society studies, research and development, especially focusing on the fields of religion, culture and democracy, this Community Service (PkM) activity was carried out for 3 days starting from the 22nd until February 24, 2023 which aims to improve participants’ critical thinking skills through training related to narrative and cinematographic elements in short films. In order to maximize training results, this PkM activity used several methods, including the Lecture-based Teaching style and the mentoring method in delivering training materials. In addition, the PkM team delivered questionnaires containing questions about the training material and opinions regarding the PkM to the participants in order to measure and see the results before and after the training. The results of the activity showed that this PkM activity was able to attract enthusiasm and was also able to improve the participants' critical thinking skills as seen from the results of the questionnaires delivered. In addition, this activity is able to make them see works from different perspectives than just seeing them as a means of entertainment.

The changing era has made awareness of democracy and constitutionalism growing rapidly. With these amendments or changes, it is hoped that the 1945 Constitution can become the basic rules of the constitutional system under the conditions of a growing Indonesian state. The constitutional system is defined as the arrangement of elements in the organizational structure of the state that are interrelated. The vast territory of Indonesia requires that the central government hand over some of its authority to local governments. Regional governments specifically have functions, duties, and authorities in managing their own government affairs in their regions. In accordance with their roles and duties, local governments must also be able to handle various cases or problems that could occur unexpectedly, such as an outbreak or corona virus that suddenly attacked the country of Indonesia and resulted in a decrease in people's living standards, especially in the economic, social and law which is also included in the constitutional composition of the Indonesian government. Thus, the central and regional governments in this case have important roles that are interrelated in dealing with problems that occur in Indonesia. This is carried out using the principle of autonomy which is the basic rule of the government in exercising authority in its area. And by using the principle of decentralization, the central government can evenly distribute welfare, quality of life, and progress in infrastructure development in every region in Indonesia.

. In the practice of democratic state administration, the presidential election and regional head elections are certainly one of the country's focuses in the future to find leaders who will take care of this nation, of course it is hoped that the elected leaders are leaders who really carry out this great mandate as well as possible. Based on the choice of the community, this leader will be elected through the democratic system of elections, but there are still many problems that often occur in its implementation. The purpose of this research is to analyze the law of democracy in the implementation of presidential and regional elections in a presidential system country. This research method is normative juridical research with the basis of research using a statutory approach. The results of this study are that the Presidential System, especially in Indonesia, is still often weakened by the provisions of public office and the constitution on the powers of the head of state and the law, supervision in the general election system must certainly be carried out as cleanly as possible in order to create leaders who really have high integrity.

Mr. Joko Widodo, The President of the Republic of Indonesia, has recently been inseparable from various hot issues that have been debated in the community during his tenure for two terms. In recent years, there have been  discussions for postponing elections  made by a range of political figures, and people who support the issue. The big impact caused by this discourse includes demonstrations and resistance from the community. The stability of a country is also affected by an increasingly tense political situation. The danger of democracy allowing its people's freedom to speak raises political turmoil, which can undermine the values of constitutional sovereignty and democracy. The article investigates Indonesia's laws governing the delay of national elections and the recommendations for the implementation of the discourse on postponing the general election against the sovereignty of the constitution and democracy as well as the consequences of its implementation. The study's methodology is normative juridical with a legislative and conceptual focus. Data were gathered through a literature review of secondary legal materials, such as the general election law, secondary sources in the form of journals and books, and tertiary sources in the form of articles from websites. The conclusion of the findings of this article in the form of a constitution does not regulate or require the prorogation of the general elected. However, to strive for the agenda, there is a method of forming a Government Regulation in Lieu of Law that involves a mismatch in the periodization of the position of state stakeholder described in the 1945 Constitution and is an indication of contraindications to constitutional sovereignty. Constitutional amendments are the second option that can pose a threat to the sustainability of electoral principles that are part of a form of democratic sovereignty.

Democracy as the basis of state life allows recognition that, at the last level, the people regulate the main issues that concern their lives, including evaluation of state policies because they determine their lives. ) to the Constitutional Court regarding Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections regarding an open proportional system. The purpose of this study is to examine the closed proportional system discourse which is suitable to be reapplied in the 2024 General Election from a democratic perspective. The research methodology used is a normative juridical approach. Implications A closed or open proportional system cannot be said to be ideal for several reasons, namely, (1) In an open proportional system many candidates engage in money politics by secretly distributing money to the public. However, in a closed system, one cannot guarantee that this practice will be prevented and gain internal support within one's party. (2) Very suitable, each party can provide the best candidate in accordance with the development and progress of community needs. However, it is possible for the party to create other objectives for its own interests. (3) The principle of open proportionality, anyone who has fame and popularity but without proper background can easily be elected to a seat in parliament.

The democratic party in the State of Indonesia is realized through the General Election mechanism, which is carried out at various levels from the village to the district. Democracy is often interpreted as the people, by the people, and for the people, or more clearly, the term democracy is the overall highest power in the hands of the people. This type of research is a descriptive research and qualitative research approach. This research was conducted in Kalianget District, Sumenep Regency. There are three strategies for preventing crime violations, the first is Primary Crime Prevention, the second is Secondary Crime Prevention, and the third is Tertiary Crime Prevention. Of the three concepts, the Primary Prevention Strategy is more effective in conducting political socialization. This strategy aims to increase public awareness and knowledge through political socialization so that money politics in society does not occur during the General Election process in Kalianget District.

This article discusses the poem "Democracy" by Agam Wispi through a semiotic approach. According to Tinarbuko (2008), semiotics is the study of signs in order to find out how these signs function and produce a meaning. Meanwhile, according to Christomy and Yuwono (2004), argue that semiotics is the study of signs (signs), sign functions, and sign production. In semiotics there is a signifier (signifier) ​​which is a sign that can be seen by the eye, visible form / physical form while the signified (signified) is the meaning contained in the message that has the concept, function, and value contained in the sign. So the purpose of this study is to find out the signs of meaning in the poem "Democracy" through the method. In this study using semiotic analysis. Semiotic analysis is a qualitative data analysis technique that aims to find or analyze symbols or signs in a text systematically. And the conclusion in this study is that based on the analysis above, it can be concluded that the poem "Democracy" by Agam Wispi strongly ties its meaning to Indonesian political life. In discussing the poem, it tells about the people's struggle to burn and replace the rights they should have received for the hard work and sacrifices that have been made.

The purpose of this study is to examine specifically related to the governance and accountability of cooperatives that have been carried out in Indonesia. This study used a qualitative design, with a population of 125 journals and through purposive sampling, a sample of 35 journals was obtained. The results of the journal review can be concluded: (1). The trend of research on governance and accountability of cooperatives in Indonesia is mostly done with a qualitative design, obtained the concept: to improve governance can be done through socialization and training on SPI to managers; comply with ethical principles and rules; the accountability aspect must be audited by KAP; the role of government; principles of transparency, accountability, responsibility, independence and fairness. Measurement of the dimensions of democracy, the quality of human resources, transparency, accountability, responsibility, independence and fairness. Good financial planning, transparency and accountability in financial management, increasing management commitment, knowledge, understanding of the duties and authorities of management regarding business risks and communication. Factors of members, administrators and supervisors as well as honesty and understanding; Sharia good corporate governance requires supervision from the Supervisory Board. Understanding of the important role of cooperatives for improving the community's economy, consistency in preparing financial reports. (2). Based on the quantitative design, it is concluded: cooperative governance and accountability have a positive and significant effect and accountability as a mediating variable on cooperative performance, there is no difference between financial accountability performance before and during the pandemic, cooperative reform has a positive and significant effect on cooperative governance and cooperative governance has no effect on the effectiveness of lending.  

The implementation of democracy in the management of public services is an important part that must be carried out by the bureaucracy. In its implementation, it must uphold democratic principles that are in line with the state constitution, namely freedom/equality, people's sovereignty, and open and responsible government. Better and more satisfying services for the community must be carried out by public service providers. The government's attitude is still inclined to only provide good services to certain people, who have the same political views and thoughts as the government. The paradigm of the management of the administration of the public service bureaucracy must be changed, which initially "regulates" the community to "serve" the community. because the public service bureaucracy is the main benchmark in assessing the performance of the central government and local governments in serving the community. Keywords: Bureaucratic Reform, Public Service, Democracy, Constitution.

In the legislative system, Pancasila is a basic norm (staatsfundamental), which successively then verfassungnorm UUD 1945, grundgezetznorm or MPR provisions, and gezetznorm or the Act. But in reality, Pancasila is equalized and equated with the 1945 Constitution, the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, which is then referred to as the Four Pillars of Nation and State. The Constitutional Court as the constitution gatekeeper institution returns the position of the Pancasila as the state foundation through the Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 100/PUU-XI/2012. The decision is part of the implementation of the authority of the Constitutional Court which has 4 (four) authorities and 1 (one) obligation as stipulated in Article 24C paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution. In addition to being a guardian of democracy ) The Constitutional Court is also the Protector of the state's foundation and legal source.

Abstract :as one the elements of democracy, kaw should be the foundation of transparent, accountable and responsive governance, establishment of an honest and fair, general election system, protection of human rights and the existence of a democratic and contident society. Law should be able as well to guarantee  that the state administrators transparently do obey the rule of law in exercising their tasks. Law enforcement within a state should correspondent to the ideal of law of nation concerned. It means that the law enforcement should be in accordance with the philosophy, way of life, norms  and principles followed by the society concerned. Key word : Democracy. Law enforcement.