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This study aims to improve social skills based on entrepreneurial motivation in the processing of sambal sagel at PKBM Plamboyan Gorontalo City with four main objectives: knowing the objective conditions of developing social skills, designing a conceptual model for developing social skills, implementing the model for developing social skills, and evaluating the effectiveness of the development model. social skills. This study uses a qualitative and quantitative approach with the R and D method and post-test evaluation showing the effectiveness of developing an empowerment model by increasing learning achievement of members and entrepreneurial behavior

This service aims to implement the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) teaching method on PAI material at the high school level. This service uses a qualitative descriptive method which is carried out in class XI, totaling 35 students which is carried out through the preparation, implementation and evaluation stages. The problems faced by students when learning tend to use the lecture method, especially in PAI lessons, students are only listeners without having to express students' opinions, this results in a decrease in student interest and activity when receiving lessons. The results of this service prove that students have empathy during the learning process and can express creativity in explaining material, hone students' confidence in expressing opinions and train students' cohesiveness with other students which makes the method effective. This model can be a stimulus for educators who want to apply the PAI learning method in the classroom.

Based on observations made at SMA Negeri 1 Gunuang Omeh District, the problem found was the low interest in learning of students in PAI and BP subjects due to the large number of students who did not pay attention to the teacher's explanation, and the lack of use of learning models and media used in learning , one of which is the Problem Based Learning learning model. The role of the learning model is very important, because using visual media will be able to influence students' learning interests. The purpose of this study was to find out the use of the Problem Based Learning learning model in increasing students' learning interest in PAI and BP subjects on Da'wah Strategy and Islamic Development in Indonesia Class XII.MIPA at SMA Negeri 1 Gunuang Omeh District. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (PTK). The process of implementing PTK has four main components, namely planning, action, observation and reflection carried out in 3 cycles. The results of data analysis obtained the percentage of students' learning interest using the Problem Based Learning learning model of 44.83% in cycle I. The process of applying the Problem Based Learning learning model in PAI and BP learning increased in cycle II by 65.52% and 79.31 % in cycle III. So it can be concluded that the implementation of PAI and BP learning by using the Problem Based Learning learning model can increase students' learning interest.

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya hasil belajar PAI siswa di kelas XII IPA 1 di SMA N 1 Koto Balingka pada soal ilmu tajwid, yang disebabkan kurang maksimalnya dalam mengunakan media pembelajaran. Ini dibuktikan dengan siswa yang tidak bisa menjawab pertanyaan berhubungan dengan ilmu tajwid dan sangat kaku dalam membaca Al- Qur‟an. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah pertama, untuk mengetahui ketercapaian penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Basic Learning pada materi al-Qur‟an surat Luqman ayat 13 dan 14 terhadap siswa kelas XII IPA 1 di SMA N 1 Koto Bilingka, kedua, untuk mengatahui hasil belajar materi al-Qur‟an surat Luqman ayat 13 dan 14   siswa Kelas XII IPA 1 di SMA N 1 Koto Bilingka setelah penerapan model Pembelajaran Problem Basic Learning. Penelitian ini berbentuk Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK), dengan menjadikan siswa kelas XII IPA 1 di SMA N 1 Koto Bilingka , sebagai sumber datanya. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua siklus. Hasil penelitian adalah pertama, Pelaksanaan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan Model Problem Basic Learning apabila dilakukan dengan perencanaan dan penguasaan konsep yang baik akan dapat berjalan dengan baik, sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. kedua, siswa menjadi aktif dalam pembelajaran dan mulai terlatih dengan pola berfikir tingkat tinggi. Ketiga, Model Pembelajaran Problem Basic Learning terbukti dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Pada siklus satu ketercapaian hasil belajar siswa pada rata-rata kelas sebesar 71,82, dan pada siklus dua rata-rata kelas 87,72. Sementara yang mencapai ketuntasan belajar pada siklus satu 64 persen, dan pada siklus dua 90,9 persen. Ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan model Pembelajaran Problem Basic Learning mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan, dan penelitian terkait penggunaan Model Pembelajaran Problem Basic Learning dianggap berhasil.

This study examined the average student mathematics learning outcomes when the Blended Learning Model was applied to learning integer material. The study design used was: Posttest Only Control Group Design. The population in this study was all of class VII at SMP Negeri 6 Tondano. In contrast, the samples in this study were class VII B, with 21 students as the experimental class and class VII A as the control class with 21 students. This study's analysis showed that the experimental class's average posttest score was 84,76, while the average posttest score for the control class was 74,28. The study results were analyzed using the T-test statistic at s significant level of 0,05, namely Tcount = 3,636 > Ttable = 1,725, so that H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. The Blended Learning Model can improve student learning outcomes based on these results.

Abstract. This research approach uses quantitative methods. The population of this study was all students of class IX MTs Darunnajah 2 Cipining Bogor which consisted of 7 classes with a total of 225 students. The sampling technique in this study used Simple Random Sampling, namely the class that became the sample was class IX E-IX J and IX L as many as 34 students. The data collection technique is using a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used is simple linear regression. It is known that the results of statistical calculations using SPSS 22 show the results of research that there is an influence between teacher pedagogic competence (X) on student learning interest (Y) at MTs Darunnajah 2 Cipining, it is proven that the results of the coefficient of determination in the summary model table value R square = 0.202, to determine the amount the effect of variable x on variable y is 20%. So the results of the coefficient of determination show that 20% of the teacher's pedagogic competence contributes to student interest in learning, while the remaining 100% - 20% = 80% is influenced by other factors.     Keywords: Teacher Pedagogic Competence, Student Interests, Citizenship Education.  

Penelitian ini dilakukan karena aktivitas belajar siswa belum optimal sehingga siswa terlihat kurang antusias dalam mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran. Selain itu, alokasi waktu yang dibutuhkan guru masih kurang sehingga mengakibatkan transfer pengetahuan kepada siswa tidak optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh learning cycle 5E terhadap aktivitas belajar pendidikan agama islam siswa kelas XI IPS di SMA Negeri 4 Kota Bukittinggi. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah quasi experiment. Populasi penelitian ini adalah semua siswa kelas XI di SMA Negeri 4 Kota Bukittinggi dan sample di ambil dari 2 kelas XI yaitunya XI IPS 2 dan XI Ips 3. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan observasi angket. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan uji t untuk pengujian hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan rata-rata posttest kelompok eksperimen adalah 81,14 dan rata-rata posttest kelompok kontrol adalah 69,23. Hasil analisis dengan menggunakan Independent Sample T-test antara kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol diperoleh nilai t-hitung sebesar 89,779 dan nilai t-tabel sebesar 2,750, serta taraf signifikansi sebesar 0.000. Jadi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa aktivitas belajar siswa yang belajar menggunakan model pembelajaran learning cycle 5E berpengaruh aktif dan lebih baik daripada aktivitas belajar siswa yang belajar menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional di kelas XI di SMA Negeri 4 Kota Bukittinggi.

Kesulitan belajar yang terlihat saat observasi di SMA Negeri 1 Tompaso menjadi pemicu dilakukannya penelitian ini. Masalah muncul dari beberapa kendala, seperti kemungkinan peningkatan hasil belajar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi hasil penggunaan model Problem Based Learning berbasis blended learning. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimen dengan menggunakan desain kelompok eksperimen pra dan pasca tes. Sampel diambil dari kelas XI MIPA 3 dan XI MIPA 1 yang masing-masing berjumlah 22 siswa. Kelas-kelas ini normal dan homogen dan masing-masing berfungsi sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan kontrol. Dengan menggunakan uji-t untuk menguji data penelitian, diketahui bahwa nilai thitung = 3,7598 > ttabel = 1,6819 dengan taraf signifikansi = 0,05 menunjukkan menolak H0 dan menerima H1. Konsekuensinya, keefektifan model blended learning problem based learning berdampak pada hasil belajar siswa.

Berdasarkan pertanyaan tersebut, tujuan yang ingin dicapai dari permasalahan yang akan dikaji adalah: 1) Mengetahui hambatan belajar (learning obstacle) berdasarkan koneksi matematis siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal operasi hitung bilangan bulat. 2) Mengetahui desain didaktis untuk meminimalkan terjadinya hambatan belajar (learning obstacle) siswa dalam menyelasaikan operasi bilangan bulat.Dalam penelitian ini, metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan model penelitian Desain Didaktis atau Didactical Design Research (DDR). Subjek penelitian pertama merupakan siswa kelas 8 yang telah mempelajari bilangan bulat. Sedangkan sunjek kedua adalah subjek observasi yang akan dilakukan pada siswa kelas 7 yang  sedang mempelajari materi bilangan bulat untuk melihat bagaiman proses pembelajaran dan situasi di kelas. Berdasarkan hasil pembelajaran dengan desain didaktis yang sudah peneliti susun dalam mencapai tujuan pembelajaran yaitu siswa dapat memahami dan menemukan konsep-konsep yang berkaitan dengan sub bab bilamgam bulat dapat tercapai meskipun belum sepenuhnya. Karena masih ada kelompok yang tidak menemukan konsep-konsep tersebut dalam mengerjakan kerja proyek. Berdasarkan data yang peneliti peroleh dalam penilaian validator melalui angket dan wawancara yang telah dipaparkan sebelumnya, dapat disimpulkan secara global bahwa bahan ajar ini dalam bentuk LAS dengan 3 kegiatan di dalamnya layak digunakan dengan beberapa perbaikan.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Pembelajaran Kontekstual  Dan Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kualitatif. Pendekatan yang dipakai adalah penelitian murni kepustakaan (library research). Data diperoleh dari bahan bacaan yang diperoleh peneliti dari buku-buku, artikel-artikel yang termuat dalam cetak. Data dikumpulkan dan dipilah-pilah untuk mengisi jawaban dari pertanyaan penelitian yang dirumuskan. Analisa menggunakan pendekatan analisis isi (content analysis) untuk mendapatkan informasi terkait Pembelajaran Kontekstual  Dan Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning. Adapun kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah Pembelajaran kontekstual merupakan suatu pembelajaran yang mengkaitkan kontekstual sehari-hari pada materi pembelajaran sehingga siswa mampu memaknai pengetahuan/ ketrampilan yang dipelajarinya serta secara fleksibel dapat menerapkan pengetahuan/ ketrampilan yang dimilikinya dari suatu permasalahan/konteks ke permasalahan yang lainnya. Pendekatan kontekstual melibatkan tujuh komponen utama pembelajaran kontekstual, yaitu : konstruktivisme (contruktivisme), menemukan (inquiri), bertanya (question), masyarakat belajar (learning comunity), pemodelan (modeling), refleksi, penilaian yang sebenarnya (aunthentic asesment). Pembelajaran berbasis masalah (Problem-based Learning) merupakan salah satu model yang tepat dikembangkan  dalam pembelajaran teknologi untuk merespon isu-isu peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran teknologi dan antisipasi perubahan-perubahan yang terjadi di dunia kerja. Karakteristik dan Tahapan Pembelajaran Model Problem-Based Learning. Pembelajaran berbasis masalah dikembangkan terutama untuk membantu siswa mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir, pemecahan masalah, dan ketrampilan intelektual, belajar tentang berbagai peran orang dewasa dengan melibatkan diri dalam pengalaman nyata atau simulasi, dan menjadi pembelajar yang otonom dan mandiri.  

This research was structured with the aim of improving students' reading skills using the library-based learning model for students in class III B MI Nu Nurus Shofa, Bae, Kudus Academic Year 2022/2023. Learning activeness referred to in this study, namely physical activity and mental activity. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (CAR), in which the teacher is the executor of learning while the researcher is the observer. The design of this study uses the Kurt Lewin model. This research was carried out in an odd semester of the 2022/2023 academic year, namely in November 2022. The subjects of this study were students of class III B MI Nu Nurus Shofa Karangnegara Bae Kudus with a total of 37 students where there were 23 male students and 14 students. female student. The object of research is students' reading ability. Data collection techniques using observation and interviews. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented in tabular form. The results showed that there was an increase in students' reading ability, namely in the first cycle of 64.8% (good category), then in the second cycle it increased to 89.1% (very good category). This means an increase of 24.3%. Thus the use of the library-based learning model in Indonesian subjects can improve the reading ability of class III B MI Nu Nurus Shofa Karangnegara Bae Kudus.

Early age is a golden age which is very effective in instilling various beneficial knowledge. The importance of character education in early childhood requires teachers to be creative and innovative in using learning media. Various learning media motivate children to learn. Not only forming a smart character but also being able to instill good values. This study aims to analyze various types of learning media in shaping the character of children in RA Normal Islam Rakha. This study used a qualitative method by taking the research location at RA Normal Islam Rakha. This type of research is descriptive research. Data collection was carried out using observation, documentation and interview methods. The results of the study show that teachers have a big role in children's character education. As role models as well as mentors in building children's character, teachers provide references or tools that can foster curiosity and not get bored in learning. The concept of playing while learning that children like is very effective when using a variety of learning media. The results of the research findings at RA Normal Islam Rakha carried out the formation of children's character through various learning media through educational toys and teaching aids.

The objective of this research is to analyze the improvement in quality values between classes that use the Cooperative Learning Method tipe TGT (Team Games Tournament) with the DirectInstruction class at Jakarta 51 High School grade XI MIPA conduct research from april until may 2019. This research method used the quantitative research methods type of quasi experimental thatfocus on the mastery of Elasticity concept in science in seeing the influence of cooperative learning models using the TGT type. The results of the study are described using a purposive sampling that compares the differences in 2 (two) classes, namely the experimental class through the Team Games Tournament learning model and the control class through the Direct Learning model in students and then measures the mastery level of Elasticity concept.

This study aims to find out whether there is an influence of the Problem Based Learning-Computational Thinking (PBL-CT) model on analytical thinking skills in terms of students' interest in Natural Sciences subjects. This research was conducted at the Kalam Kudus Christian Middle School in Malang in the 2022/2023 academic year. The design used in this study was a non-equivalent group design quasi-experiment. Retrieval of data using ten essay questions which are made according to indicators of analytical thinking ability and students' interest in science is measured by using a questionnaire.  Data analysis was carried out by the Two Way Anova parametric test. Based on the results of the analysis carried out, the results were obtained: (1) there were differences in analytical thinking skills between students who were taught using the Problem Based Learning and Problem Based Learning - Computational Thinking (PBL-CT) learning models with a significance <0.05. (2) there is no difference in the ability to think analytically between students who have a high, medium, and low interest in learning science as shown by a significance value of 0.748 > 0.05. (3) there is an interaction between Problem Based Learning - Computational Thinking (PBL-CT) on students' analytical thinking skills in terms of students' interest in natural science subjects with a significance value of <0.05

21st century learning has had a huge impact on students and teachers. Students must be guided to be able to think critically to overcome various kinds of problems that occur. Furthermore, teachers as education play an important role in honing problem solving skills in their students. The problem solving learning model is a learning model that directs students to solve problems in the learning process. In addition, the problem solving learning model is not fully capable of being applied by science teachers. Although, in the 2013 curriculum in Indonesia a teacher is required to be able to apply the problem solving model in conducting science learning. Not only that, the limited experience of teachers in applying variations of these learning models is still the main obstacle in learning science. So, teachers in Indonesia must have extensive experience in adopting problem solving learning models. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the problem solving learning model in learning science in Indonesia. This research is a kind of meta-analysis research. The research sample came from analyzing national and international journals published from 2010-2022. The selection of data used as samples was carried out very strictly and thoroughly. Searching for this research sample through Google Scholar, Eric, Hindawi, Sage, Springer, Proquest, IEEE, DOAJ, and Wiley. The sample selection technique is a purposive sampling technique. In this technique, the data that is used as a sample must have a relationship with the research variable. In searching for sample keywords, namely problem solving learning models in learning science (Biology, Chemistry and Physics) in various schools in Indonesia. Data analysis is descriptive statistical analysis with the OpenMEE application. Data analysis was performed by calculating effect size, standard deviation (SD), average value (mean), and N-gain. The results of this study concluded that the application of the problem solving learning model was very effective in learning science in Indonesia. This learning model is able to increase student learning outcomes with an average score of 86 students in the experimental class and 65.5 in the control class, the effect size value is 1.39 in the high category and N-Gain is 0.55.

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan perbedaan pengaruh antara keterampilan menulis naskah drama dengan menggunakan model Circuit Learning dan Direct Instruction pada siswa kelas VIII SMP N 3 Curug. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen bersifat kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP N 3 Curug. Teknik pengambilan sampel digunakan teknik simple random sampling. Terpilih siswa kelas VIII.1 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VIII.3 sebagai kelas kontrol. Data penelitian berupa lembar hasil kerja siswa dalam menulis naskah drama yang diberikan pada saat pretest dan posttest. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang sangat kuat dalam penerapan model Circuit Learning terhadap keterampilan menulis naskah drama, dengan rata-rata skor pretest sebesar 62,43 dan skor posttest sebesar 80,5. Sedangkan, pengaruh model Direct Instruction terhadap keterampilan menulis naskah drama dengan rata-rata skor pretest sebesar 59,26 dan skor posttest sebesar 72,3. Berdasarkan data hasil pembelajaran memiliki peningkatan pada nilai posttest di kelas eksperimen yang memiliki selisih 8,2 point, dari hasil tersebut terlihat adanya perbedaan yang signifikan yakni nilai yang menggunakan model Circuit Learning lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang menggunakan model Direct Instruction terhadap hasil menulis naskah drama. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa model pembelajaran Circuit Learning lebih baik dibanding dengan model Direct Instruction untuk meningkatkan keterampilan menulis naskah drama.  

Seluruh daerah Indonesia mengalami dampak dari covid-19 di semua sektor terutama sektor pendidikan. Pada saat ini telah memasuki pembelajaran pasca covid-19 yaitu new normal, yang memasuki pada pembelajaran secara tatap muka atau nomal serta tetap memadukannya dengan pembelajaran virtual / daring dengan tetap menerapkan protokol kesehatan. Penerapan Blended Learning, memiliki lima kunci proses, antara lain: Live-Event yakni mampu mengintegrasikan proses pembelajaran dengan jadwal pembelajaran luring dengan daring. Tujuan kegiatan Pengabdian pada Masyarakat ini adalah memberikan pengetahuan dan pelatihan pendidik agar peser terbiasa  dengan pembelajaran tatap muka dan tatap maya. Pendidik dapat mengemas dengan 2 cara  yaitu daring dan luring belum pendidik terlatih dalam menciptakan model pembelajaran yang melibatkan teknologi informasi secara tatap muka secara langsung dan tatap muka maya. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian ini adalah melalui pelatihan dan angket. Pelatihan ini berlangsung selama 2 hari. Hasil angket sebelum dilakukan pealtihan menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman peserta masih sangat kurang, sedangkan hasil angket setelah dilakukannya pelatihan menunjukkan pemahaman peserta sangat baik selama pelatihan. Dampak pelatihan ini memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap peserta yaitu 1) Pendidik dapat mengemas pembelajaran yang melibatkan teknologi informasi secara daring dan luring, 2) Pendidik menjadi terbiasa menerapkan model pembelajaran daring dan luring dengan baik.

Covid-19 pandemic that hit almost all countries and no exception beloved our country Indonesia, has resulted in destruction and the collapse of the community’s economy. At the same time there is information about the covid-19 virus that still needs to be questioned about the validity of the source. With the development of technology in today’s era, it is easier for us to filter information that has valid sources so that there are no misunderstandings about the information obtained. So on this basis, this study aims to develop a chatbot model regarding Covid-19 in a relevant and fast manner according to the questions and statements entered. Chatbot itself is an Artificial Intelligence-based program or we can call it a digital assistant, which can simulate user conversations or chats like humans through an application either based on Android or the web. By using chatbot technology, users can get valid and relevant answers whose sources are clear so as not to cause anxiety and also make it easier for users to get information about the Covid-19 virus.   Keywords: Covid-19; Technology; Chatbot; Artifical Intelligence

              The objectives of this study were to: (1) find out how the implementation of anti-corruption education in order to strengthen the value of honesty character in class VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Mojolaban (2) find out whether the implementation of anti-corruption education is correct to strengthen the value of honesty character in class VIII students. (3) Knowing the factors that support and hinder the implementation of anti-corruption education in order to strengthen the value of the character of honesty in class VIII students.This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 1 Mojolaban. The subjects of this research include principals, vice principals, PPKn teachers, and students. The data source uses primary data sources and secondary data sources. Data was collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. The validity of the data was tested by technique triangulation and source triangulation. The research data were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive analysis technique with an interactive model.             The results of the study can be concluded that: 1) SMP Negeri 1 Mojolaban has provided anti-corruption education lessons because anti-corruption education is very important to learn with anti-corruption education in the curriculum can teach students to be honest, responsible and teach things about the dangers of committing crimes. corruption, so that students in the future of our country can be free from corrupt behavior. 2) True anti-corruption education is a reinforcement of the character value of honesty. 3) there are 2 influencing factors, namely: a. supporting factors: teacher commitment, adequate school infrastructure, parental support, conducive environment, cooperation of all components, teachers working together, the role of BK teachers in dealing with students; b. Inhibiting factors: The Covid-19 outbreak, lack of motivation, differences of opinion, teachers feel overwhelmed, the ability of teachers to choose subjects, anti-corruption education has not been fully implemented, there are still some teachers who have not integrated, and students' low interest in learning.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membedakan hasil belajar PAI peserta didik kelas VII melalui model discovery learning dan problem solving di UPTD SMP Negeri 1 Kecamatan Suliki, serta untuk mengetahui pemilihan model yang sesuai pada materi Sholat Jama’ dan Shalat Qasar. Populasi penelitian ini melibatkan seluruh siswa kelas VII, dan sampelnya juga di ambil dari keseluruhan populasi. Sehingga diperoleh 2 kelas sampel, yaitu kelas VII.1 (model discovery learning) dan VII.2 (model problem solving).. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar PAI Peserta didik kelas VII UPTD SMP Negeri 1 Kecamatan Suliki yang menggunakan model pembelajaran discovery learning yang terbanyak diperoleh oleh siswa siswa pada rentang nilai 77 sampai dengan 85 dengan frekuensi 9. Sedangkan yang menggunakan model pembelajaran problem solving dapat disimpulkan bahwa nilai yang terbanyak diperoleh oleh siswa siswa pada rentang nilai 55 sampai dengan 64 dengan frekuensi 7. Model discovery learning dan problem solving terdapat perbandingan hasil belajar dan juga dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar PAI peserta didik. Peningkatan tersebut dapat dilihat dari hasil analisis uji thitung. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diperoleh thitung = 2,025 dan ttabel = 2,022. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar PAI peserta didik menggunakan model discovery learning dengan menggunakan model problem solving.