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Lesson study builds a learning community among teachers, learners, academics and education observers. Transcript Based Learning Analysis (TBLA) model is one of the models used to analyze learning transcripts in more depth. This research aims to describe the lesson study learning pattern in science learning through TBLA analysis. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research method to describe the phenomena that take place as it is. The research was conducted in class VIII A MTs ABU AMR Tambakrejo, human respiratory system material, with a cycle of plan, do, see. This research instrument is a video and audio recorder and a researcher's field note sheet. Data collection is done through 3 ways, namely documentation, observation and discussion. The data collected in this research is in the form of transcripts of Lesson study Learning Community learning.The data analysis technique uses TBLA analysis model. The results of the study describe the conversations that occur between teachers and students, linear patterned learning, the category leads to Student Center Learning. The conclusion of this research is that science learning of human digestive system material has a linear pattern that describes learning getting stronger to achieve learning goals and SCL categories that are student-centered. This research suggestion can be used as a reference for reflection in developing teacher professionalism to shape more effective learning.

Empowerment activities at the Al Falah Kemayoran Foundation are a positive step in improving the quality of life of disadvantaged children. This article reflects an introduction to empowerment innovations through drawing, coloring and general knowledge questions and answers in orphanages. The activity implementation method involves a training and mentoring approach, by providing theory, direct practice, and question and answer sessions. The results of the drawing and coloring activities show the participants' success in carrying out these activities neatly. Meanwhile, general knowledge question and answer activities also went well, showing the children's active participation. During the activity, the empowerment team aims to make a positive contribution by increasing the skills, knowledge and creativity of orphanage children. Material assistance, providing new skills, and creating a positive environment are the focus of the team. Awareness of the need for donations and support from the community was also raised as an important aspect. The conclusion of this activity emphasizes that through collaboration between the orphanage, the empowerment team, and the community, an environment that supports the development of orphaned children can be created. Financial and material support is a key factor in ensuring the education and welfare of children at the Al Falah Kemayoran Foundation. Thus, this empowerment activity can be considered a positive step in creating changes that have an impact on the quality of life of children in orphanages.

The quality of learning depends on the instructor, serving as a basic calculate in deciding its adequacy. This think about points to create a educator competency show through Lesson Consider (LS) exercises. Show competence alludes to the direction of Indonesian Service of Instruction and Culture No 6565 in 2020. This consider connected the subjective graphic inquire about plan. It utilized the lesson consider approach in creating EFL teacher's proficient information competence, proficient learning hone competence, and career proficient advancement. The members included four EFL Instructors at Senior Tall School 10 Ternate City Indonesia. They comprised of one male and three females. Four EFL instructors were chosen through purposive examining with four criteria: (a) sex, (b) age, (c) instructing encounter (d) instructive foundation, and, (e) work status. Moreover, the think about information were gotten through three LS stages (arrange, teach/do, and reflect/see) for four cycles. A 4-point Likert scale ((1=Thriving; 2= Competent; 3 = Worth; and 4 = progressed) was utilized to degree lesson consider profile perspectives on the improvement of EFL Teachers' Demonstrate competencies and it is an impact on students' communication and basic considering abilities. Information was picked up by a 4-point Likert scale calculated with recurrence and introduction equation through Microsoft Exceed expectations Windows 10. The result appeared that LS exercises affected the improvement of information competencies, proficient learning hones, and proficient advancement of EFL instructors in learning English. It too moves forward communication, basic considering, and understudy excitement for English learning in lesson. This consider gives openings for instructors to share information, great learning hones, and encounter, as well as reflect and learn to collaborate professionally. This think about speaks to a oneof a kind commitment by joining three models of educator competence as an exertion to alter the Autonomous Educational programs.

The goal and main issues discussed in this research are how the Organizational Structure influences Performance in the Livestock Farming Area of Al Amin Science and Industrial Park (Living Lab) Glugur Rimbun. This study uses a qualitative associative method, conducting a review of theories and literature, as well as surveys and observations, and collecting opinions from academic community members, especially professors specializing in Human Resources. The research results state that organizational structure is a framework or arrangement that regulates relationships, responsibilities, and authorities within an organization. In management, organizational structure can be considered the foundation or operational framework of an organization. It is a fundamental element that forms the basis for organizing and directing organizational activities. There are several types of organizational structures that can be applied, and the selection of such a structure depends on the organization's goals, size, complexity, and needs. The choice of organizational structure should consider the organization's strategic goals, size, external environment, and the culture to be established. Moreover, organizations can change their structure over time to adapt to changing needs and business dynamics. The importance of organizational structure is reflected in its operational efficiency. By systematically mapping tasks and responsibilities, the structure creates a regular workflow, avoids unnecessary overlap, and establishes a foundation for optimal efficiency.

Individualism and consumerist culture are inherent in the contemporary era, self-interest emerges. The meaning of love has been reduced, personal interests have become basic needs, this is fundamentally the root of the Gray Divorce phenomenon. In this research, researchers used qualitative and descriptive methods. Erich Fromm's perspective invites individuals who decide to choose Gray Divorce to turn over a new leaf and share love with others. Get out of the shackles of individualism and give love to those around you. When we give love, we also get love.

Gradual changes in time change the perspective and behavior of human life. The development of global capitalism and consumer culture has led individuals or teenagers to a style of hedonism that is oriented towards materialistic concepts or pleasure because of material things. This research uses qualitative methods with a literature study approach. The result of this discussion is that contemporary era hedonism is very different from Epicurean hedonism. Hedonism in Epicurus' view is oriented towards spiritual pleasure as a balance to material pleasure. Christian teenagers who orient themselves towards contemporary hedonism will enter the area of ​​attachment, while teenagers who self-reflect and pursue spiritual pleasure will be free from attachment, living in happiness in simplicity.

Indonesian students' character is greatly shaped by Christian Religious Education, but in an age of globalisation and religious diversity, PAK practices must be updated and adjusted to the changing social environment. This study applies insights from educational sociology to analyse successful PAK tactics. The ideas of Christian education and sociological theories of education are used to emphasise difficulties and barriers in putting the PAK strategy into practice through qualitative library study methodologies. The results highlight the significance of comprehending ideological disputes in societies, changing curricula to reflect cultural and technological advances, and focusing on the symbolic interaction between teachers and students. The findings lay the groundwork for the creation of more pertinent and potent religious instruction.

Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan dan wawasan kepada mahasiswa mengenai strategi menghadapi soal-soal dalam TOEFL sehingga dapat mempersiapkan diri dalam menghadapi tes TOEFL yang sesungguhnya. Penguasaan kemampuan bahasa Inggris khususnya TOEFL harus dilakukan sebagai salah satu alternatif solusi bagi mahasiswa dalam mempersiapkan kelulusan dan pekerjaan. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah pelatihan, pembinaan, monitoring dan evaluasi. Kegiatan ini telah mencapai tujuan yang diharapkan yaitu meningkatkan pengetahuan dan wawasan mahasiswa mengenai cara cepat dan tepat yang dapat diterapkan dalam menjawab soal-soal TOEFL. Berdasarkan pengamatan tutorial selama kurang lebih 3 bulan mengikuti pelatihan TOEFL, menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman mahasiswa dalam menguasai materi TOEFL mengalami peningkatan yang cukup signifikan

The rapid expansion of digital platforms has transformed the issuance of fatwa in Southeast Asia, enabling Islamic legal opinions to be accessed widely and quickly. This shift challenges traditional patterns of religious authority, which were previously centered around formal institutions and face-to-face scholarly deliberation. While digital fatwa mechanisms enhance accessibility and responsiveness, they also raise concerns about legitimacy, legal accuracy, and public trust. This study examines the effectiveness of digital fatwa issuance mechanisms in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Brunei Darussalam, using a qualitative comparative research approach. Data were collected through content analysis of official digital fatwa portals, focusing on accessibility, authority, validation, and legal consistency. The findings reveal that digital platforms increase access speed and broaden public reach, enabling religious institutions to address emerging legal issues more effectively. However, variations in verification procedures and legitimacy frameworks across countries reflect differences in governance and state involvement. Key challenges include the authentication of mufti authority, standardization of ijtihad methodologies, and consistency in legal substance. Digital fatwa contribute to improving Islamic legal literacy but risk authority fragmentation due to the proliferation of digital sources. The study concludes that integrating the efficiency of digital platforms with the authoritative safeguards of traditional institutions is crucial for developing an accountable model of digital fatwa governance.

Islamic education holds a strategic position in shaping students’ moral character and social attitudes within multicultural societies. However, Islamic educational curricula are frequently perceived as prioritizing normative-textual transmission and doctrinal compliance, leaving limited room for interfaith dialogue and the cultivation of inclusive dispositions. This study critically assesses Islamic educational curriculum orientations and examines how sharia-based moral pedagogy can foster interfaith tolerance among students. The study also responds to the limited empirical linkage between sharia moral education and measurable developments in tolerance, inclusivity, and dialogic competence in Islamic schooling contexts. Using a qualitative design with descriptive-critical analysis, the research draws on curriculum document analysis and classroom observations across several Islamic educational institutions. Data are analyzed thematically to identify how three key curricular dimensions-akhlak (ethical conduct), maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah (higher moral objectives), and Islamic civilization history-are embedded and enacted in teaching practices, as well as how these elements shape students’ attitudes toward religious difference. The results indicate that akhlak-centered learning supports empathy, mutual respect, and non-discriminatory behavior by framing morality as lived practice rather than abstract instruction. Integrating maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah strengthens students’ inclusive orientation by emphasizing public good, justice, and human dignity as guiding principles for social relations. Additionally, teaching Islamic civilization history-especially narratives of coexistence-enhances students’ awareness of interfaith engagement and positions dialogue as compatible with Islamic identity. A comparative analysis suggests that sharia-based moral pedagogy is more effective than normative-textual curricula in building tolerant and inclusive student dispositions, mainly because it enables reflective learning, contextual moral reasoning, and dialogic interaction.

This research aims to improve students' speaking skills through the mind mapping method for fifth grade students at SDN NO. 18 Bababulo Majene Regency. The subjects used in this research were 15 students. This research procedure consists of 4 stages per cycle, namely planning, implementing actions, observing and reflecting. The indicator of learning outcomes in this research is increasing speaking skills. The data collection was carried out using observation, evaluation and documentation techniques. The results of this study showed that there was an increase in student activity, namely in the first cycle 61.9%, an increase in the second cycle to 82.4%. There was an increase in learning outcomes from cycle I, obtaining an average score of 61.06% with learning completeness of 53.33%. In cycle II the average score was 75.4% with learning completeness 86.67%. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of the mind mapping method can improve speaking skills in class V students at SDN NO. 18 Bababulo Majene Regency.

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (UMKM) MEFs Foods & Snacks is one of the MSMEs engaged in processing snacks which are packaged in such a way that they follow developments and people's tastes. In order to improve financial management at MEFs Foods & Snacks MSMEs, MEFs Foods & Snacks MSMEs are expected to be able to make financial reports so that MSME finances can become more accountable. The results achieved in this service are changes in the presentation of financial reports compared to the previous period, this is because MSME managers already understand how to record transactions, carry out records correctly so that the presentation of financial reports becomes more accurate and reflects the financial condition of MEFs Foods & Snacks MSMEs. Actually

This research aims to improve students' speaking skills through the mind mapping method for fifth grade students at SDN NO. 18 Bababulo Majene Regency. The subjects used in this research were 15 students. This research procedure consists of 4 stages per cycle, namely planning, implementing actions, observing and reflecting. The indicator of learning outcomes in this research is increasing speaking skills. The data collection was carried out using observation, evaluation and documentation techniques. The results of this study showed that there was an increase in student activity, namely in the first cycle 61.9%, an increase in the second cycle to 82.4%. There was an increase in learning outcomes from cycle I, obtaining an average score of 61.06% with learning completeness of 53.33%. In cycle II the average score was 75.4% with learning completeness 86.67%. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of the mind mapping method can improve speaking skills in class V students at SDN NO. 18 Bababulo Majene Regency.

This research aims to describe the application of the Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) learning model in improving the learning outcomes of class XI-4 students at SMA Negeri 6 Surabaya, especially on the subject of vectors. The background to this research is strengthened by the fact that motivation to learn mathematics tends to be low, especially when studying complex material such as vectors. This is supported by initial observations which show that students often have difficulty understanding these concepts, which is reflected in the low learning outcomes, with a percentage of only 73%, and classical completeness of only 40%. This research is classroom action research carried out in two cycles. The research subjects consisted of 36 students. Data is collected through tests and observations. Data analysis was carried out using qualitative and quantitative descriptive techniques. The results in cycle 1 showed a significant improvement, with learning outcomes reaching 97% and classical completion increasing to 94%. In cycle 2, learning outcomes reached 98% and classical completion reached 100%. Thus, it can be concluded that the application of the STAD learning model is effective in improving the learning outcomes of class XI-4 students at SMA Negeri 6 Surabaya.        

his research aims to discuss the problems in fulfilling the quota for women's political participation in the legislature and the efforts of state institutions to increase women's participation in general elections. This research uses a qualitative method with a normative juridical approach. That is an approach based on the main legal material by examining theories, concepts, legal principles, and laws and regulations related to this research. The results of the study show an increase in women's representation in the legislature, but the representation rate is still far away because the last legislative election practice system in 2019 used an open proportional system, and there is still a low level of public understanding of women's representation in the legislature which is a form of gender equality. The efforts made by the relevant institutions, namely the KPU and Bawaslu, in improving these problems are to ensure the fulfillment of the 30% quota of women's representation in the nomination of legislative members and to provide strict sanctions for those who do not fulfill it. This effort reflects the need for strict supervision to ensure the implementation of rules in achieving the goal of women's representation. Thus, improving the electoral system, increasing public knowledge, and applying strict sanctions are necessary to achieve the affirmative targer of women in politics in Indonesia.

This paper explores the views of religious moderation and inclusivity in the evangelizing mission of Paul, a major apostle in early Christian society. Through analysis of Paul's letters, especially those related to evangelism, this paper aims to understand how the principles of religious moderation, inclusive attitudes, and the love of Christ became the foundation of Paul's mission of evangelism. This paper also explores the relevance of these principles in the context of evangelism in the modern era. The Apostle Paul's views on religious moderation in the context of evangelistic missions, with a primary focus on the central role of Christ's love in shaping and supporting early Christian evangelistic efforts. Through analysis of Paul's letters, research findings highlight that the views of moderation and inclusiveness promoted by Paul reflect the principles of unconditional love. The love of Christ, at the center of Paul's views, is not only a theological theme but also an intrinsic attraction that influences the hearts and souls of individuals. Paul's inclusive and moderate attitude formed the foundation of a Christian community that was open and welcoming to all levels of society. The implications of this view are highly relevant in designing modern evangelistic strategies that incorporate the love of Christ as a central force.

Christian religious education plays an important role in the development of complete personality and spiritual maturity in future generations. This article examines the role of Christian religious education in developing spritual maturity and a complete personaltiy. By using literary analysis anad a philosophical approach, this artikel highlights the importance of Christian religious education in helping people understand their identity and life goals in the broader context of existence. Christian religious education strategies that encourage personal reflection, spritual experience and the application of moral values in daily life are seen as efforts to develop strong and resilient personalities. Thus, this article provides an overview of how Christian religious education can become a pillar in developing the spiritual maturity and integrity of future generations.  

The aim of creating this final work is to visualize self-reflection by using it as an idea in creating a work of surrealist painting. As well as as a means to deepen the concepts and techniques of painting work. The creation of this final work applies a creation method that is carried out in stages. Starting from the preparation stage, elaboration stage, synthesis stage, concept realization stage, and completion stage. Based on the method that has been carried out, ten work titles were obtained, namely: "Transformation and Regeneration", "Like Time, Wings", "Balance", "Explorer", "Adaptation", "Wading Bats", "Peering Behind the Wings”,“Break through”, “Sleep”.  

The National Police of the Republic of Indonesia (Polri) is a government institution whose main task is to ensure law enforcement, security and public order, provide services as well as protect and develop. Therefore, the National Police plays an important role in ensuring security and public order and enforcing the law to create peace and justice for all Indonesian people. In every criminal case, criminal investigations must be carried out professionally, transparently and responsibly to uphold the supremacy of law that reflects a sense of justice. (1) (5) The Criminal Procedure Code explains that an investigation is a series of investigative actions used to search for and discover an incident that is suspected of being criminal in order to determine whether an investigation can be carried out according to the Criminal Procedure Code.

This qualitative study examines the acquisition and understanding of syntax in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) at the undergraduate level. The research explores students' perceptions of syntax, classroom instruction methods, challenges encountered, and the role of context and practice in developing syntax understanding. Data collection methods include classroom observations and semi-structured interviews with undergraduate students enrolled in EFL programs. Thematic analysis is used to identify patterns and themes in the data, providing insights into the complexities of syntax acquisition in EFL contexts. The findings reveal diverse perceptions of syntax among students, highlighting the need for tailored instructional approaches. Classroom observations demonstrate the use of various teaching methods and materials, emphasizing the importance of a balanced approach to syntax instruction. Students report challenges in acquiring syntax, such as understanding complex structures and applying grammar rules accurately, underscoring the need for targeted interventions and support. The study also emphasizes the role of context and practice in developing syntax understanding, with students valuing real-life examples and interactive activities. Based on the findings, the study suggests several implications for EFL instruction, including the need for diverse instructional strategies, an integrated skills approach, the use of authentic materials and contexts, and individualized support. Future research directions are proposed, including longitudinal studies, comparative analyses, investigations into the effectiveness of instructional strategies, and the exploration of technology-enhanced learning. By addressing these research gaps, scholars can contribute to the development of evidence-based practices that support EFL learners in mastering syntax and achieving proficiency in English.