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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Ngawi Nomor 13 Tahun 2019 tentang Perlindungan dan Pemberdayaan Petani serta mengidentifikasi faktor penghambat pelaksanaannya dalam mendukung ketahanan pangan daerah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum empiris yang mengkaji hukum tidak hanya sebagai norma tertulis, tetapi juga sebagai praktik pelaksanaannya dalam masyarakat. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan aparatur Dinas Ketahanan Pangan dan Pertanian Kabupaten Ngawi, penyuluh pertanian, serta petani. Selain itu, penelitian juga menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan berupa peraturan perundang-undangan, buku, jurnal ilmiah, serta dokumen resmi pemerintah daerah. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan membandingkan ketentuan hukum dengan kondisi di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan telah dilaksanakan melalui beberapa program perlindungan dan pemberdayaan petani, seperti bantuan sarana produksi berupa benih unggul, pupuk bersubsidi, alat dan mesin pertanian, pelaksanaan program Asuransi Usaha Tani Padi, perlindungan sosial melalui BPJS Ketenagakerjaan, penyediaan sarana dan prasarana pertanian, serta kegiatan pelatihan dan penyuluhan bagi petani. Namun pelaksanaan kebijakan tersebut masih menghadapi beberapa hambatan, antara lain belum diterbitkannya Peraturan Bupati sebagai regulasi turunan, keterbatasan anggaran daerah, rendahnya partisipasi petani, serta koordinasi antarinstansi yang belum optimal sehingga pelaksanaan kebijakan belum berjalan secara maksimal dalam mendukung ketahanan pangan daerah.

This research is entitled The Influence of Japanese Pop Culture on Children’s Toys Trends in Indonesia, 1980-2010. The study employs the historical method, which consists of four stages: heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography.John Fiske’s (2011) theory of popular culture and  Joseph Nye’s concept of soft power is used to analyze how Japanese popular culture, particularly through entertainment media and toy products, was disseminated persuasively and received by Indonesian children. Since the early 1990s, mass media such as television and children’s magazines have played an important role in introducing Japanese anime and characters, which subsequently encouraged the emergence of toy trends based on Japanese popular culture. The object of this research focuses on children’s toys influenced by Japanese popular culture that circulated in Indonesia between 1980 and 2010, including Tamiya, Beyblade, Tamagotchi, Crush Gear, B-Daman, and yo-yo. These toys not only developed as commercial products, but also contributed to the formation of children’s play patterns, communities, and social identities. However, during the period from 2008 to 2010, these toy trends began to decline due to the advancement of digital technology, changes in children’s consumption patterns, broadcast censorship policies implemented by Indonesian Broadcasting Commission (KPI), and increasing competition from popular culture of other countries such as Korea, the United States, and China. This condition reflects a shift in children’s play culture from physical toys to more modern forms of digital entertainment.

Curriculum reform in Indonesia has repeatedly emphasized flexibility, deep learning, and student-centered instruction. Nevertheless, many reforms have not been translated effectively into classroom practice. Existing studies tend to focus on teacher competence and policy readiness, while the deeper dimension of teacher beliefs remains underexplored. This study aims to unpack how teacher beliefs shape responses to curriculum reform and to identify the belief-related factors that influence the success or failure of curriculum innovation. A qualitative descriptive design was employed using pre-Delphi reflective questionnaires and Focus Group Discussion data involving senior secondary school teachers and educational stakeholders. Data were analyzed thematically to identify recurring patterns of belief, challenge, and adaptation. The findings reveal that teacher beliefs constitute the most decisive factor in curriculum implementation. Three major themes emerged: (1) a persistent gap between curriculum policy and classroom practice, (2) the difficulty of transforming teachers’ mindsets from fixed to growth-oriented perspectives, and (3) the construction of an ideal teacher identity characterized by reflection, adaptability, collaboration, and moral commitment. More importantly, teachers viewed curriculum change not merely as a technical demand, but as a moral and spiritual responsibility. Curriculum reform will remain ineffective unless it addresses teachers’ internal beliefs. Sustainable transformation requires professional development that integrates cognitive, emotional, and spiritual dimensions of teaching.      

Money laundering is a derivative crime that is frequently associated with corruption and has the potential to cause significant losses to state finances. Efforts to recover assets derived from criminal activities constitute an essential aspect of law enforcement aimed at restoring state losses and creating a deterrent effect for perpetrators. This study aims to analyze the authority of public prosecutors in the investigation of money laundering crimes as well as the mechanisms for state asset recovery based on the authority of the Indonesian Attorney General’s Office. The research method employed is normative juridical research using statutory and case approaches. The results of this study indicate that the Attorney General’s Office possesses clear and legally valid authority to conduct investigations into money laundering crimes as regulated under Law Number 8 of 2010 concerning the Prevention and Eradication of Money Laundering and the Law on the Attorney General’s Office. Prosecutors are authorized to trace, seize, confiscate, and recover assets derived from criminal acts without first proving the predicate offense. This study further emphasizes that although the authority of the Attorney General’s Office has been normatively regulated, in practice, state asset recovery continues to face various obstacles, both in substantive and procedural law, such as inconsistencies in statutory regulations and the suboptimal implementation of non-conviction-based asset forfeiture. Therefore, strengthening regulations and harmonizing legal policies are necessary to ensure that state asset recovery through the handling of money laundering crimes can be carried out more effectively and provide legal certainty.

UMKM Digital transformation in local governance is an important instrument in realizing the principles of good governance, especially in regions with complex geographical challenges. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of e-government implementation at the district level in encouraging community participation in the local development planning process, using a case study of the Fof District Office, Tambrauw Regency. The methods used were descriptive qualitative through field observations, in-depth interviews with district officials and community leaders, and analysis of development documents. The data was analyzed through the stages of reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that the implementation of e-government in Fef District is in a transition phase. Bureaucratic digitization improves administrative efficiency and transparency of public information. However, its effectiveness in expanding community participation is still low. The main obstacles include limited telecommunications infrastructure in several villages and low community digital literacy. As a result, participation in Musrenbang remains dominated by conventional mechanisms, while digital platforms serve primarily as a means of one-way reporting. This study emphasizes that the success of digital transformation depends on the readiness of infrastructure and community capacity, so a hybrid approach that integrates technology with local wisdom is needed to strengthen participation in regional development.

Adoption is an act of adopting a child which, according to legal regulations, transfers the rights and responsibilities of the child from their biological parents to their adoptive parents. This study aims to examine the legal framework governing the legal determination of adopted children. This research was conducted using a juridical-normative research approach. This study focuses on reviewing the status of an adopted child, including their position in obtaining inheritance rights, using a review of the Civil Code and other applicable regulations. Based on the analysis that has been carried out, the position or status of a child adopted by adoptive parents has a legal status if it is carried out through applicable legal procedures, which means that the child has equal rights to biological children. This research is expected to contribute to providing references for firmness in family law that is more certain and does not harm any party.

Inequality in Indonesia remains significant, particularly due to the concentration of wealth among high-net-worth individuals (HNWIs). Emphasizing the importance of addressing this disparity can motivate policymakers to pursue equitable solutions, thereby promoting social justice through wealth taxation. Using a literature review and an empirical legal approach, this research analyzes relevant regulations, policy discussions, and academic literature on wealth taxation in Indonesia. The study also evaluates institutional readiness and potential challenges in implementing such a policy. The results indicate that the wealth tax has considerable revenue potential, ranging from IDR 54 trillion to IDR 155.3 trillion, depending on the tax model applied. Highlighting this potential can empower policymakers and foster optimism about the tangible benefits of implementing such a policy.

The role of ports as crucial nodes in the global supply chain positions the maritime sector as one of the most dynamic industries worldwide. This research analyzes the strengthening of business law support maritime sector integration to enhance port operational efficiency and the role of business law instruments in realizing the principle of fair competition within ports. This research employs a normative legal approach focusing on the study of existing legal norms and regulations governing port management and maritime integration. The strengthening of business law in the maritime sector plays a crucial role in improving port operational efficiency. A strong and well coordinated business law framework will create ports that are more efficient, competitive, and adaptive to the changing demands of the global market. Several key principles must be developed. First, rules on information disclosure and accountability to ensure transparency in port governance. Second, prohibitions against abuse of dominant positions and oversight of vertical integration to prevent anti-competitive practices. Third, clear contractual norms and governance structures for public private partnerships (PPP), including proportional risk-sharing mechanisms to ensure fairness and efficiency in infrastructure development. Fourth, multi-level governance alignment across national and regional authorities to prevent incentive distortions.

The resolution of juvenile cases in Indonesia requires a restorative justice approach as outlined in Law Number 11 of 2012 on the Juvenile Criminal Justice System (UUSPPA). However, Article 7, paragraph (2) restricts diversion to crimes punishable by less than seven years, excluding repeat offenders. This presents challenges for minors involved in serious crimes, such as rape, leading to concerns over child protection and fairness in the justice system. The implementation of diversion in the Syari’ah Court follows national juvenile justice protocols but faces challenges, especially in maintaining consistency across law enforcement agencies and regions. The study employs an empirical juridical approach and explores the challenges of implementing diversion in the Aceh Sharia Court. Findings reveal that diversion efforts are often inconsistent and rely on the discretion of authorities. Although the Child Criminal Justice System Law mandates diversion for cases involving crimes with sentences under seven years and non-recidivists, its actual application varies. For instance, rape cases between 2020 and 2023 show that some were excluded from diversion due to their serious nature, while others still pursued diversion despite the potential for sentences exceeding seven years.

The rapid development of information and communication technology has led to the emergence of various forms of digital-based crimes, including the dissemination of electronic information containing online gambling content through social media. This situation poses challenges for criminal law enforcement, as the parties involved are not limited to gambling operators but also include individuals who promote and facilitate access to online gambling platforms. This study aims to examine criminal liability for perpetrators who disseminate electronic information containing gambling content and to analyze judicial considerations in sentencing, referring to the Decision of the Tanjung Karang District Court Number 823/Pid.Sus/2024/PN Tjk. The method used is normative juridical research with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. Data were collected through literature studies of relevant regulations, criminal law doctrines, and court decisions, and then analyzed using a descriptive qualitative method. The results show that the elements of criminal liability are fulfilled, including the existence of a criminal act, intent, capacity to be responsible, and the absence of grounds that eliminate criminal liability. Furthermore, the panel of judges’ considerations reflect a balanced assessment between juridical and non-juridical aspects, resulting in a decision that embodies legal certainty, justice, and utility. This study is expected to contribute to the development of criminal law, particularly in addressing online gambling crimes in the digital space.

The revocation of business licenses by the President of the Republic of Indonesia against 28 companies proven to have violated forest utilization regulations signifies a shift in environmental law enforcement from a predominantly punitive criminal approach to preventive administrative measures. This article aims to analyze the legal basis of the President’s authority to revoke business licenses related to natural resource utilization, to position license revocation as an instrument of environmental law enforcement within Indonesia’s legal system, and to assess its implications for environmental protection and legal certainty for business actors. This study employs a normative juridical research method using statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that Presidential license revocation possesses juridical legitimacy within the framework of the rule of law and environmental and forestry legislation. Nevertheless, the implementation of such a policy requires clear administrative procedural standards to ensure legal certainty and to prevent potential abuse of power. This article concludes that license revocation can function as an effective environmental law enforcement instrument provided that it is accompanied by adequate oversight mechanisms and due process of law.

The implementation of a reward and punishment system is considered capable of improving employee work discipline. Rewards are given to encourage employee morale, while punishments are given as a reminder of the consequences of misconduct. This study aims to describe the implementation of the reward and punishment system in the Civil Service. Through a qualitative approach with in-depth observation, structured interviews with employees, and documentation studies. The results of the study found that the implementation of the reward and punishment system has been carried out well, with rewards given based on the level of discipline and performance of employees, while punishments are given based on the type of violation committed. The rewards given include Additional Employee Income, the Satyalancana Karya Satya award, exemplary employee awards, internship certificates, and retirement awards. Meanwhile, the punishments given include verbal warnings, written warnings, deductions from Additional Employee Income, and severe sanctions for employees with serious violations.  

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Papua Special Autonomy policy in improving the welfare of indigenous communities by reviewing the achievement of policy objectives, integration and coordination between institutions, and policy adaptation to the socio-cultural conditions of the local community. The approach used is qualitative with the Qualitative Secondary Analysis (QSA) method, utilizing various secondary data sources such as policy documents, government reports, and relevant research and academic journals. The results of the study indicate that the Papua Special Autonomy policy was designed as an affirmative policy aimed at accelerating regional development, improving community welfare, and recognizing the rights of indigenous communities. This policy has produced several positive results, especially in increasing regional fiscal allocations, developing infrastructure, and expanding community access to education and health services. In addition, the establishment of special institutions such as the Papuan People's Assembly provides space for the representation of indigenous people's culture in the regional government system. However, the study also shows that the Special Autonomy policy faces several challenges, including suboptimal inter-institutional coordination, limited institutional capacity of local governments in managing Special Autonomy funds, and the incomplete integration of indigenous socio-cultural values ​​in the planning and implementation of development programs. Therefore, strengthening policy governance, increasing accountability in fund management, and expanding indigenous community participation are crucial factors in enhancing the effectiveness of Papua's Special Autonomy policy. This research provides theoretical contributions to public policy development, particularly in the context of implementing asymmetric decentralization and culture-based development policies.

Regional financial accountability is a fundamental principle in good governance. However, the management of regional finances still faces various challenges, particularly related to the potential occurrence of fraud and the suboptimal functioning of internal control systems. This study aims to analyze the role of the Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus (APIP) in strengthening regional financial accountability through the implementation of internal oversight based on Fraud Risk Control. This research employs a qualitative approach using the Qualitative Secondary Analysis (QSA) method, which utilizes secondary data from various scientific literature, previous research findings, and policy documents relevant to internal oversight in the public sector. The results indicate that internal oversight is a crucial mechanism in preventing fraud in public sector financial management. The implementation of Fraud Risk Control plays a role in identifying, assessing, and controlling fraud risks, thereby enhancing the transparency and accountability of regional financial management. Furthermore, APIP has a strategic role through internal audit functions, risk-based oversight, and providing consultation to improve regional financial management systems. Strengthening APIP’s capabilities, enhancing the maturity of the Government Internal Control System (SPIP), and ensuring the independence of internal supervisors are essential factors in realizing transparent and accountable regional financial governance.

This study aims to analyze innovations in official travel administration based on information technology in supporting the efficiency of regional government budgets. This research employs a qualitative approach using the Qualitative Secondary Analysis (QSA) method by utilizing various secondary data sources, such as policy documents, government reports, and relevant research and academic journals. The results indicate that the implementation of an information technology-based official travel administration system has successfully transformed bureaucratic processes from manual to digital systems. The submission, approval, execution, and reporting of official travel, which were previously carried out through physical documents, can now be conducted through an integrated electronic system. The digitalization of administrative processes has had a significant impact on improving the efficiency of administrative service time. Employees no longer need to go through lengthy bureaucratic procedures to obtain travel approval, as the entire process can be conducted online through an application system. This aligns with the concept of digital transformation in government, which emphasizes the utilization of information technology to enhance the efficiency of public organizations. The implementation of an information technology-based official travel administration system also increases transparency and accountability in managing official travel budgets. The digital system allows all administrative processes related to official travel to be systematically recorded and electronically documented. With a digital system in place, the potential for misuse of official travel funds such as fictitious trips, duplicate activities, or manipulation of expense reports can be minimized.

This study analyzes the implementation of Good Governance in enhancing consular services at the Consulate General of the Republic of Indonesia in Tawau, using a qualitative approach with a case study paradigm. The findings reveal several key points: First, transparency in consular services is achieved through openness about procedures, fees, and service time standards via official platforms like websites, social media, and notice boards. This transparency reduces information asymmetry, prevents maladministration, and builds trust. Second, service accountability is reflected in the timely execution of passport renewals, Emergency Travel Documents, and document legalization, following Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). Accountability is further demonstrated through performance reports, complaint channels, and service evaluations. Third, public participation is fostered through two-way communication, complaint mechanisms, and collaboration with Indonesian citizen and migrant worker communities. The mobile consular service program also enhances accessibility. Finally, consular services are based on clear legal frameworks, ensuring the legitimacy of services and protection for Indonesian citizens and migrant workers. Overall, the study concludes that the implementation of Good Governance principles at the Consulate General of Indonesia in Tawau significantly improves the quality of consular services.

This research examines the implementation of mobile public services in archipelagic contexts, where dispersed settlements, dependence on sea transportation, weather uncertainty, and limited digital connectivity significantly constrain service access and continuity. Although digital government has developed rapidly, most previous studies focus on urban or mainland settings and rarely consider geography as a determining factor. This creates a gap in understanding how archipelagic conditions interact with governmental capacity, governance structures, and frontline practices. The study aims to explain the mechanisms of mobile service implementation under these constraints and to develop an Archipelagic Implementation Framework that integrates context, capacity, governance, and outcomes. Using a qualitative single-case study approach in Raja Ampat Regency, Indonesia, data were collected through in-depth interviews, policy documents, and limited observation, then analyzed using hybrid thematic analysis. The findings reveal that archipelagic constraints lead to frequent rescheduling, hybrid online–offline service delivery, increased coordination demands, and connectivity challenges. Service sustainability depends on staff rotation, portable infrastructure, and adaptive strategies by frontline actors. The proposed framework highlights how contextual constraints shape administrative capacity, coordination, and service outcomes, offering practical insights for resilient public service delivery.

Public services are a state obligation to meet the basic needs of the community and have a strong legal basis through various laws and regulations in Indonesia. However, in practice, the implementation of public services still faces various problems such as slow service processes, unclear procedures, lack of transparency in costs and service times, and maladministration. This study aims to analyze the gap between the normative concept of public services and their implementation in practice and to identify factors that influence the low quality of public services. The research method used is a qualitative approach with library research through analysis of various literature, laws and regulations, and data from public service supervisory agencies. The results show that the main problems in public services in Indonesia are related to the weak implementation of service standards, low transparency and accountability, and suboptimal professionalism of the apparatus. In addition, maladministration practices such as prolonged delays and procedural deviations are still common. Digital transformation through the implementation of e-government is one effort to improve service quality, although its implementation still faces obstacles in human resources, infrastructure, and bureaucratic culture. Therefore, strengthening public service governance, increasing transparency, and optimizing oversight are necessary to ensure public services are more effective, accountable, and oriented toward the public interest.

Public service performance serves as a crucial measure of how effectively government agencies provide services to the public. Rising expectations from the public compel governments to ensure that services are delivered in an efficient, open, responsible, and responsive manner. Within the realm of public administration reform, the standard of public services has emerged as a key issue for governments looking to enhance public confidence and governance. The Indonesian government has created the Public Service Index (Indeks Pelayanan Publik/IPP) as a tool to assess the performance of public services. The IPP functions as an all-encompassing measurement system to evaluate the quality, efficiency, and responsibility associated with public service provision across government entities. This research intends to explore the definition of public service performance, the legal framework that regulates public services in Indonesia, and the metrics employed for calculating the Public Service Index. The study uses a qualitative descriptive method and a literature review approach, evaluating various pertinent books, regulations, and scholarly articles concentrating on public service management and performance evaluation. The results indicate that the Public Service Index plays a vital role in assessing service quality, institutional effectiveness, and the degree of public satisfaction. Additionally, the application of the IPP measurements fosters transparency, bolsters accountability, and encourages ongoing enhancements in public service delivery. Therefore, enhancing public service performance necessitates robust regulatory backing, institutional dedication, and the utilization of clear and quantifiable performance metrics to guarantee enduring improvements in service quality.

The economy of a country, including Indonesia, is a system that encompasses all production, distribution, and consumption activities occurring within the country. In the economy, problems often arise that can affect the welfare of society. The problem formulation in this study is: How is the regulation and supervision of both internal and external banks carried out to prevent customer personal data leakage in credit agreements? And how is the responsibility of BPR Karya Sari Sedana towards the leakage of customer debtor data? The research method used is empirical legal research. The conclusion in the study is the protection of customer data against personal data leakage by understanding the forms of supervision from both internal and external parties conducted by the banking institution and referring to the OJK regulations that have been established, in order to minimize the recurrence of similar incidents and allow the public to conduct transactions safely without worrying about their personal data. Leaked by irresponsible individuals. The responsibility carried out by the banking sector currently, namely the Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 22 of 2023 concerning Consumer and Community Protection in the Financial Services Sector, also regulates consumer protection in the financial services industry. Forms in policies related to regulations in the banking world ensure that the public does not worry about their personal data.