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Diana Putri

Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Kesehatan 2024 Pusat riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) in pregnant women is a major nutritional challenge in Indonesia, including in Bukittinggi. Despite proper health service utilization, the burden of CED is relatively high and has a non-economic component that includes cultural and family social support.  The influence of the husband on the nutritional status of pregnant women is frequently overlooked by prevention and control strategies. This study sought to investigate husbands' thoughts and roles in the prevention of  CED  in pregnant women in  Bukittinggi.  The present study employed a qualitative phenomenological research design including 15 husbands of pregnant women (experienced and non-experienced  CED)  and  5–7  triangulation informants  (pregnant women and health workers).  Semi-structured interviews and non-participatory observations provided the data, while  NVivo  12  was employed for thematic analysis. Source triangulation and member checking validate the data. The results indicate that the majority of husbands do not understand CED scientifically and view their support solely as financial assistance. Although emotional and informational motivations can affect positive nutritional behaviors, they are still regarded as weaknesses. Among the external barriers are costs, long hours of work, and a patriarchal culture that severely restricts husbands' ability to be involved in their wives' nutritional problems. However, some informants have indicated a value shift that prioritizes emotional involvement over intellectual focus.  The  intervention strategies for future implementation should be family-based with a primary focus on couples' nutrition education, emotional  strengthening,  and  the  inclusion  of  males  in  maternal  health  programs  (e.g.,  paternity-readiness sessions  

Bambang budiono; Ari Zaqi Al-Faritsy

JURNAL ILMIAH TEKNIK INDUSTRI DAN INOVASI 2024 CV. ALIM'SPUBLISHING

Sebuah usaha di Yogyakarta yang bergerak di bidang makanan atau minuman cepat saji adalah Restoran cepat saji X.Tujuan dari pemeriksaan tersebut adalah untuk mendapatkan kesenjangan antara harapan dan persepsi. selanjutnyamendapatkan kualitas yang diinginkan pelanggan. Dalam penelitian ini, strategi Service Quality memanfaatkan kreditaspek kualitas administrasi, khususnya tanglibel, reability, responsiveness, assurance, dan empaty terhadap survei. Daripemeriksaan gap 5 yang mempunyai nilai negatif sebagai ciri bahwa pembeli perlu melakukan perbaikan ke VoC (Voiceof customer), untuk dimanfaatkan dalam kerangka kebutuhan pembeli di HoQ yang merupakan kebutuhan QFD. Hasilpengujian menunjukkan bahwa sifat substansial yaitu kualitas kenyamanan dalam berbagai media dapat berfungsi denganbaik, untuk kemajuan dengan nilai 1,8 pada tingkat persepsi, 4,08 pada tingkat asumsi, sehingga diperoleh nilai negatifterbesar khususnya ( - 2.22).

Sevira Pahlevi Santoso; Hwihanus Hwihanus

Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Bahasa dan Pendidikan 2024 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

This research aims to explore accounting students' perceptions of professional ethics at the University of 17 August 1945 Surabaya. Professional ethics is an important foundation for accountants in carrying out their activities professionally. Using qualitative methods with in-depth interviews, this research examines the understanding, attitudes and factors that influence students' perceptions of the importance of ethics in the world of accounting. It is hoped that the research results will provide new insight into accounting students' ethical awareness and the challenges they face in implementing professional ethics. In addition, research finds that ethical perceptions have a positive impact on accounting students' decision-making behavior, where they tend to choose actions that are in accordance with ethical values ​​in facing challenges. This research recommends increased integration of ethics education in the curriculum and the need for further research on the impact of organizational culture on students' ethical behavior in the world of work.  

Asep Nizar Assaukani; Depy Muhamad Pauzy; Suci Putri Lestari

Pusat Publikasi Ilmu Manajemen 2024 Fakultas Ekonomi & Bisnis, Univ

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of price perceptions, locations and product variety on purchasing decisions at PD Gudmal Sandal Material Store. The research used is quantitative research with a survey method to 88 respondents of PD Gudmal Sandal Material Store who live in Tasikmalaya city. The types of data used are primary data and secondary data. The data analysis technique uses multiple linear regression analysis.The results of this test prove that simultaneously perceptions of price, locations and product variety have a significant influence. And partially, price perception has a significant effect on purchasing decisions, location has a significant effect on purchasing decisions, and product variety has a significant effect on purchasing decisions at PD Gudmal Sandal Material Store.

Mutmainna Ts Bullah; Wenny Hulukati; Muhamad Zubaidi

Inovasi Pendidikan dan Anak Usia Dini 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Indonesia

This study aims to understand teachers' perceptions of the implementation of a joyful transition from Early Childhood Education to elementary school, as well as to identify the obstacles in carrying out this transition. The research method employed descriptive quantitative. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires distributed to 20 respondents and interviews with 5 participants. The results showed the perception of kindergarten teachers in schools such as TK Pembina Kec. Kota Utara Kindergarten, TK Alkhairat Kindergarten, TK Al-Huda Kindergarten, TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal VII Kindergarten, and TK Aster Kindergarten were categorized as "good" with 78%. Meanwhile, the perception of elementary school teachers in schools such as SD 59 Kota Timur Elementary School, SDN 94 Kota Utara Elementary School, SDN 97 Kota Utara Elementary School, SDN 75 Kota Tengah Elementary School, and SDN 88 Sipatana Elementary School was in the "very good" category with 83%. The results indicated that the participants provided positive responses regarding their perceptions of implementing the joyful transition from PAUD to elementary school.

Kusuma Putra, Rengga

Jurnal Bisnis Kreatif dan Inovatif 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen dan Bisnis Indonesia

This research, titled "OVERVIEW OF THE INFLUENCE OF STORE ATMOSPHERE, EXPERIENTIAL MARKETING, AND VALUE PERCEPTIONS ON CONSUMER LOYALTY WITH CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE" (Case Study at Teman Semeja Coffee & Space Pekalongan), aims to analyze the effects of store atmosphere, experiential marketing, and perceived value on consumer loyalty, with customer satisfaction as an intervening variable. Data were collected through questionnaires from a sample of 100 respondents using a non-probability sampling method and purposive sampling technique. The study utilized validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, hypothesis testing (t-test), determination coefficient, path analysis, and the Sobel test with IBM SPSS 20.0. The results show that the store atmosphere has no significant effect on consumer loyalty (tcount = 1.901 < ttable = 1.984; Sig. = 0.060 > 0.05). Experiential marketing also shows no significant effect on consumer loyalty (tcount = 0.089 < ttable = 1.984; Sig. = 0.929 > 0.05; direct effect < indirect effect). However, perceived value has a significant effect on consumer loyalty (tcount = 2.046 > ttable = 1.984; Sig. = 0.044 < 0.05). Regarding the indirect effects, store atmosphere significantly affects consumer loyalty through customer satisfaction (Sobel test: tcount = 9.745 > ttable = 1.984; Sab = 0.0029 < 0.05), as does experiential marketing (Sobel test: tcount = 17.054 > ttable = 1.984; Sab = 0.0028 < 0.05) and perceived value (Sobel test: tcount = 34.191 > ttable = 1.984; Sab = 0.0029 < 0.05). Additionally, customer satisfaction has a significant direct effect on consumer loyalty (tcount = 4.889 > ttable = 1.984; Sig. = 0.000 < 0.05).

Sry Nola Manik

Sinar Kasih: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat 2024 Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Injili Arastamar (SETIA) Ngabang

This study aims to analyze the perceptions of the congregation of GKPPD Sangga Beru regarding the foundation of marriage in building a harmonious family. In Christian teachings, marriage is not just a bond between two individuals, but a divine institution designed to form a family based on faith, love, and mutual trust. However, factors such as the wrong foundation in marriage, economic problems, poor communication, and cultural pressures often threaten family harmony.Using a descriptive approach, this study identified the congregation's perceptions of the foundation of marriage and the factors that cause disharmony in the household. From the results of interviews with 10 informants, it was found that the three main foundations of Christian marriage are faith in Jesus Christ, loving and caring for each other, and trusting each other. Faith serves as a foundation in facing various life challenges, while love ensures emotional warmth, and trust binds couples in joy and sorrow.However, the results of the analysis also show that some couples marry for reasons of matchmaking, social influence, or simply to have children, which often triggers conflicts such as lack of understanding between partners, lack of trust, comfort, openness, and problems related to the presence of children. In an effort to create a harmonious family, values ​​such as mutual understanding, open communication, and cooperation are very important. The church plays a crucial role in guiding the congregation through faith teachings and counseling services. However, in GKPPD Sangga Beru, the lack of an effective counseling program is an obstacle in providing optimal support to couples in facing the challenges of marriage.

Anadiya Pingki; Dodi Aprianto; Mira Yanuarti

Botani : Publikasi Ilmu Tanaman dan Agribisnis 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Tanaman Dan Hewani Indonesia

The younger generation plays an important role in agricultural development. Based on the Central Statistics Agency (2020), the most popular jobs for young people aged 16–30 years in the last 5 years are the Services sector, followed by Manufacturing and Agriculture. Food security in Rejang Lebong Regency is a multifaceted issue influenced by various factors including agricultural practices, economic conditions, and government policies. The purpose of this study was to determine Gen-Z's perception of Food Security in Rejang Lebong Regency. The respondents of this study were Gen-Z who were in the birth range of 1997-2012. Likert Scale Analysis was used in this study. Gen-Z's level of understanding of food security is quite good, this is known by the average value of this indicator, which is 4.11. Access and availability of food are important things that can guarantee food security with an average indicator value of 3.95. For food consumer behavior, it is an indicator related to Gen-Z consumption so that it can support food security with an average indicator value of 4.01. So it can be concluded that Gen-Z's perception of food security is in the average range of 3.90 with the conclusion that Gen-Z agrees and understands about food security in Rejang Lebong Regency.

Alifia Putri Darmansyah; Shinfi Wazna Auvaria; Eva Agustina

Publikasi Hasil Pengabdian dan Kegiatan Masyarakat 2024 Asosiasi Periset Bahasa Sastra Indonesia

The increase in population has an impact on increasing waste, including cooking oil waste known as used cooking oil. This used cooking oil is not always thrown away, but can also be reused. However, improper disposal of waste cooking oil can cause environmental problems. Used cooking oil is a type of waste that can pollute the environment by increasing COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) levels in the water. Apart from that, this oil can also cause an unpleasant odor due to the biological degradation process. Currently, used cooking oil is often thrown directly into the drain. This research was conducted in Wonorejo Village, Surabaya, with data collection methods in the form of questionnaires, field observations and interviews as primary data, as well as a general description of the area and related literature as secondary data. The results of the analysis show that there are variations in views and practices in managing used cooking oil among respondents. The level of public awareness about the importance of managing used cooking oil to support the zero waste concept varies. The majority of respondents (64%) stated that the main responsibility for managing used cooking oil lies with the users themselves.

Eriek Rahmat Kuncoro; Shobirin Noer; Hudallah Hudallah

Presidensial : Jurnal Hukum, Administrasi Negara, dan Kebijakan Publik 2024 Asosiasi Peneliti dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Elections serve as a crucial pillar of democracy, allowing citizens to participate in the selection of leaders and shaping national policies. In Indonesia, the General Election Commission (KPU) is responsible for organizing elections, ensuring that the process is transparent, fair, and accountable. Understanding public perceptions of the KPU's performance is vital for evaluating the success and legitimacy of the democratic process, particularly in regions like Benowo District, Surabaya, which reflects the broader dynamics of local democracy. This study employs a qualitative methodology to explore and interpret the views and experiences of the public regarding the KPU's performance in the 2024 Election. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with community leaders and direct observation of the election process. The qualitative approach allows for a comprehensive analysis of the complex and nuanced perceptions held by the community. The findings reveal that the public in Benowo District generally holds a positive perception of the KPU's performance, appreciating the orderliness, transparency, and efficiency of the electoral process. However, challenges such as logistics management were identified, indicating areas where the KPU can improve in future elections. These insights are crucial for enhancing the quality of electoral administration and strengthening the democratic process in Indonesia.

Icha Lulita; Titi Sri Suyanti; Tati Karyawati

Jurnal Praba : Jurnal Rumpun Kesehatan Umum 2024 STIKES Columbia Asia Medan

Mental health is the realization of harmonious mental functions, which allows one to face challenges, feel happy, and feel capable. A healthy soul includes self-actualization, a positive attitude towards oneself, progress, and a realistic perception of adaptation (Oktaviani & Apriliyani, 2022). Hallucinations refer to phenomena when individuals experience sensory changes in response to stimuli that are objectively absent (Refnandes et al., 2023). The purpose of this paper is to determine and provide mental nursing care to Mrs. S with the main problem of sensory perception disorders: auditory hallucinations due to paranoid schizophrenia in the Dewaruci ward of dr. Amino Gondohutomo Mental Hospital, Central Java Province in accordance with nursing standards. The method used is a descriptive method in the form of interviews, observations, documentation studies, literature studies and literature. From the case review, it was found that the patient’s main complaint said “I heard a whisper telling me to leave the house, sis”. There are 4 nursing problems, namely the risk of violent behavior, sensory perception disorders: auditory hallucinations, social isolation and self-care deficits. Interventions are designed based on TUM and TUK and on the client’s condition and can be implemented.

Firnanda Mutiara Herlita; Titi Sri Suryanti; Tati Karyawati

Jurnal Mahasiswa Ilmu Kesehatan 2024 STIKes Ibnu Sina Ajibarang

Mental health is a condition of mental, physical and emotional health where individuals have positive things in terms of self-actualization, perception according to reality and skills in adapting to the environment. Schizophrenia is a form of long-term mental disorder with communication disorders and blunted affect that affects the individual's normal daily activities with hallucinations (Puspitasari & Astuti, 2024). The purpose of writing this work is to find out and implement nursing care for Mrs. I with the main problem of sensory perception disorders, auditory hallucinations due to paranoid schizophrenia in the Arimbi Room, RSJD dr. Amino Gondohutomo, Central Java Province. The preparation method uses a descriptive approach with case studies as a writing plan. The case review obtained was that the main problem was that Mrs. I heard a man's voice saying bad things and often seemed to be talking to herself. The nursing problem tree shows sensory perception disorders: auditory hallucinations as the core problem, then self-care deficits, social isolation and risk of violent behavior. Interventions are structured based on implementation strategy guidelines aimed at clients and families which will later be implemented and evaluated immediately as documentary evidence.

Naufal Nur Sahid; Nurul Hikmah; Mughofur Dela Prayoga; Alvian Hidayat; M. Rouful Husna +2 more

Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat dan Transformasi Kesejahteraan 2024 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

This research aims to reveal the perception of the people of Kebonagung Village towards the Real Work Lecture (KKN) program and its impact on the socio-cultural aspects of Kebonagung Village. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. The results of the study show that public perception of KKN varies, ranging from positive to skeptical. Factors that affect this perception include direct experience with the KKN program, the level of education, and the level of involvement in village activities. In addition, this study also found that KKN has a positive impact on the socio-cultural aspects of the village, such as increasing public awareness, changing behavior, and strengthening mutual cooperation values.

Tri Puji Handayani; Nova Anggrainie

Journal Economic Excellence Ibnu Sina 2024 STIKes Ibnu Sina Ajibarang

The development of technology has brought many changes, especially in the field of digital technology. One of the innovations of this development is Financial Technology or fintech. Fintech introduced electronic wallets or e-wallets, for example Flip. By using trust as an intervening variable, this study attempts to investigate the influence of perceptions of ease, benefits, and security on the interest in using Flip e-wallets in Kota Bekas. This study provides respondents with an online questionnaire to generate primary data for further analysis. Respondents were selected from a non-probability sampling method with a purposive sampling technique, resulting in 175 respondents with 35 statements. The research findings show that perceptions of ease, benefits, and security influence the interest of Kota Bekas residents in using Flip e-wallets. In addition, the level of trust in Flip e-wallets in Kota Bekas is also influenced by these three factors. Trust acts as an intervening variable to moderate the impact of views of ease of use, benefits, and security on the interest in using Flip e-wallets, where the findings prove that trust influences people's desire to use Flip e-wallets in Kota Bekasi.

Ardyansah, Teguh

JURNAL ILMIAH PENDIDIKAN KEBUDAYAAN DAN AGAMA 2024 CV. ALIM'SPUBLISHING

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan motivasi, kepemimpinan transformasional, Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) guru, dan kinerja guru di SMKN Rengel Tuban dan menganalisis Pengaruh Motivasi Dan Kepemimpinan Transformasional Terhadap Kinerja Guru Melalui Organizational Citizenship Behavior di SMKN Rengel Tuban. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian eksplanatori. Responden terdiri dari 79 guru SMKN Rengel Tuban, yang meliputi PNS, PPPK, dan honorer. Sensus atau sampling total adalah teknik pengambilan sampel. teknik pengumpulan data dengan Studi Literatur dan Daftar pertanyaan (questionaire). Teknik Analisis Data menggunakan PLS-SEM. Temuan utama penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa persepsi guru terhadap kinerja dan OCB mereka termasuk dalam kategori tinggi, sedangkan motivasi dan kepemimpinan transformasional kepala sekolah dianggap sangat tinggi. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan adanya pengaruh signifikan motivasi terhadap OCB guru serta kepemimpinan transformasional terhadap OCB guru. Selain itu, terdapat pengaruh signifikan motivasi secara langsung terhadap kinerja guru, namun tidak ditemukan pengaruh langsung yang signifikan antara kepemimpinan transformasional dan kinerja guru. Selanjutnya, OCB guru terbukti berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja guru, dan motivasi secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi kinerja guru melalui OCB. Begitu juga dengan kepemimpinan transformasional, yang secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi kinerja guru melalui OCB.

Putri Nurmala Aprilia; Hari Setiono; Muhammad Bahril Ilmiddaviq

Jurnal Publikasi Ekonomi dan Akuntansi 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ekonomi dan Akuntansi Indonesia

This research raises the issue of the phenomenon of tax evasion amidst the increase in tax revenue realization in the last three years. This study aims to determine the effect of money ethics and tax morale on student perceptions of tax evasion with hedonism as a moderating variable. The object of this research is the cadre of the Mojokerto National Student Movement (GMNI) organization. This study uses a quantitative approach with primary data sources and uses a survey method through google form with a Likert scale measuring instrument. The population in this study were 115 cadres of the Mojokerto GMNI organization. The sampling technique used purposive sampling to get 65 respondents. The data analysis technique uses descriptive statistical analysis with the Structural Equation Modeling- Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) method. The test tool used is SmartPLS software version 4.1.0.2 with outer model and inner model. The results showed that money ethics has a positive and significant effect on student perceptions of tax evasion, tax morale has a negative and significant effect on student perceptions of tax evasion, and hedonism is able to moderate the influence of money ethics and tax morale on student perceptions of tax evasion.

Moch Altof Egan Nugroho; Ambardi Ambardi

Jurnal Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Teknologi 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

Plastic waste is damaging the environment and encouraging people to choose eco-friendly products. Indonesia's waste problem is urgent. Companies are starting to develop products that are safe for the environment. Consumers are turning to chemical-free products to safeguard their health and the environment. CLEO, a drinking water brand from PT Sariguna Primatirta, has been managing this since 2004. CLEO is known for its prices and product quality. This study looks at how green marketing, brand image, and price perceptions affect buying interest in CLEO products among consumers in Tangerang. It uses quantitative methods and a questionnaire. The data analysis is multiple regression analysis. This study shows that green marketing and brand image affect buying interest in CLEO products, but price perception does not. All three variables affect buying interest in CLEO products.

Sahrul Mubarok; Asep Purwo Yudi Utomo; Mu’allimatin Najihah; Alfiyani Nur Safitri; Ngabiyanto Ngabiyanto +2 more

Dinamika Pembelajaran : Jurnal Pendidikan dan bahasa 2024 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

One of the most important things in the teaching and learning process is learning that is creative and fun because it can help students to succeed in learning. For a teacher, mastery and knowledge in utilizing technology is a competency that must be mastered in order to support the improvement of the learning process and the delivery of material to students. Facts on the ground show that Indonesian language teachers still use conventional learning method as well as the use of technology which is limited to using LCD media and laptops to convey material and give assignments. In addition, smartphones have not been used optimally as learning media. The purpose of this study was to determine students' perceptions of the use of Kahoot-based interactive learning media on learning outcomes. This research was total sampling basis are all number of the population are used as samples.  The samples of this research involves 30 people. Data collection used in this research is questionnaire. This study used a quantitative approach and data were analyzed using an independent sample t-test to determine the level of Kahoot application as an interactive learning media for Indonesian subjects in descriptive text material. The results showed that students tended to have very good perceptions of 46.67% regarding the use of Kahoot media in learning Indonesian. The benefit of this research is to provide additional knowledge and information to teachers, especially Indonesian language educators, in the use of Kahoot-based interactive learning media.

Sopia Barira; Ramadhan Lubis; Nurhayani Nurhayani

Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Bahasa dan Pendidikan 2024 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

The research conducted was entitled "Students' perceptions of counseling guidance at SMK Negeri 1 Southeast Aceh", which was based on the fact that only a small percentage of students had the initiative to provide counseling to guidance and counseling teachers at SMK Negeri 1 Southeast Aceh. This research method uses a descriptive qualitative research approach aimed at describing, writing and explaining in detail the problems to be researched and studying an individual or a group. The subject selection technique is based on the criteria set by the researcher. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews and field notes. Data analysis uses data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing to test the validity of the data using primary data and secondary data. The research results revealed that (1) that students' perceptions of good counseling guidance were characterized by a good response in following the lessons delivered by counseling guidance through orientation services. Apart from that, there are still students who show bad attitudes towards the guidance and counseling teacher. The guidance and counseling teacher's efforts are also complemented by a service delivery plan (RPI) and carrying out routine evaluations of students both individually and in study groups. (2) The BK teacher takes steps to prevent the decline in students' trust in counseling guidance before students' trust in counseling guidance. The guidance and counseling teacher coordinates with the school principal and then the school will take action by bringing in lecturers from outside the school to rebuild students' declining confidence. (3) The time that Bk teachers have to enter Rombel is also limited so that BK teachers experience difficulties in carrying out orientation. Guidance and counseling teachers can only rely on the time provided by the school for students and what class they go to if a class teacher is absent because they are absent. Apart from that, the guidance and counseling teachers in schools are also lacking, making it difficult for guidance and counseling teachers to handle large numbers of students.

Fira Rahma Putri Arya; Marlini Marlini

RISOMA : Jurnal Riset Sosial Humaniora dan Pendidikan 2024 Asosiasi Ilmuwan Pendidikan, Sosial, dan Humaniora Indonesia

This research aims to analyze the public's perception of the Community Reading Garden (TBM) as a means of knowledge and skills in SKB 1 Tanah Datar. The type of research used is quantitative with descriptive research methods. The population used was 983 with a sample of 91 people. Based on the results of the analysis, it shows positive perceptions in three aspects: cognitive, affective and conative. The cognitive aspect obtained an average score of 2.79 indicating a good understanding of TBM, but the collection of books for skills activities needs to be improved. The affective aspect obtained an average score of 3.05 indicating high enthusiasm for TBM activities, especially the skills program. The conative aspect obtained an average score of 2.93 indicating high interest in participating in TBM activities, even though the frequency of borrowing books is relatively low. In conclusion, TBM at SKB 1 Tanah Datar has great potential as a community learning center, but still requires development in terms of book collections, skills programs, and strategies to increase interest in borrowing books.