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Conceptual understanding is an important aspect of learning biology because it reflects the extent to which students can internalize knowledge and relate it to real life. This study aims to analyse the level of understanding of the concept of biodiversity of students and identify supporting and inhibiting factors in the biology learning process. The research was conducted in class X of SMA Negeri 1 Pineleng with a descriptive qualitative approach. Data was collected through observation, written tests, questionnaires, teacher interviews, and documentation. Conceptual comprehension is measured using three main indicators: the ability to restate concepts, classify objects based on certain properties, and provide examples rather than definitions. The results showed that 87.5% of students had achieved a good level of understanding of classification indicators and giving examples, but only 50% were able to restate concepts completely. The supporting factors identified include learning motivation, parental mentoring, teacher learning strategies, and student absorption. On the other hand, barriers to understanding include lack of enthusiasm for learning, an unsupportive environment, and a lack of parental involvement. These findings confirm that the success of conceptual understanding is determined not only by cognitive aspects but also by comprehensive pedagogical and social support. This research makes an important contribution to the development of more contextual and participatory biology learning strategies, as well as opens opportunities for further research that explores the use of innovative media in strengthening conceptual understanding.

Inclusive education at the elementary school level requires an appropriate approach to support the learning success of students with special needs, including children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the individual guidance approach in helping children with ADHD overcome learning challenges, as well as identifying obstacles and supporting factors in its implementation in elementary school environments. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study method at SDIT Al-Ghazali Pamekasan, through data collection techniques in the form of observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The subjects of the study were grade 4 teachers and one of the students with ADHD as the main subject. Data were analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing methods. The results of the study showed that individual guidance was significantly able to improve learning focus, as well as the social and emotional skills of students with ADHD. This success was greatly influenced by teacher involvement, parental support, and adaptive learning strategies. However, challenges such as limited teacher time, lack of varied learning media, and lack of special training are still obstacles that need to be addressed systematically. These findings contribute to the development of more effective inclusive education strategies, especially in supporting students with attention and behavioral disorders in elementary school environments.

This study examines the implementation of Pancasila values-based Civic Education (PKn) learning in enhancing tolerance attitudes among fifth-grade students at UPT SD Negeri 064016. Using a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design, data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, document analysis, and tolerance attitude questionnaires involving 28 students. Results indicate that contextual strategies—such as classroom deliberation simulations and collaborative projects based on local wisdom—significantly improved students' tolerance attitudes. Conceptual understanding of diversity increased by 34.5%, empathetic attitudes rose by 29.5%, and inclusive practices grew by 23.7% (composite score +29%, Cohen’s d = 1.45). Key supporting factors included the school’s commitment to integrating Pancasila values into the curriculum and innovative media (e.g., multicultural congklak, AR cultural maps). Primary constraints were limited instructional time and student ability heterogeneity. The study concludes that Pancasila values-based learning models, supported by teacher consistency and active student participation, effectively foster inclusive school environments.  

Vocational high schools (SMK) play an important role in preparing students for the world of work. However, student learning outcomes in the subject of Electrical Lighting Installation at SMK Negeri 5 Kota Padang are still relatively low, with an average pretest score of 57.34. This study aims to test the effectiveness of the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) cooperative learning model in improving student learning outcomes. The research method used was classroom action research with 32 students from class XI TITL as subjects. Data were collected through pre-tests, post-tests, and observations of student activities during learning. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of STAD successfully improved student learning outcomes significantly, with an average post-test score of 82.19 and an N-Gain Score of 0.58 (moderate category). Academic achievement also increased from 15.6% to 75%. Further analysis revealed that collaborative interactions within groups, the reward system, and active student participation were key factors contributing to the success of this method. However, challenges such as time management and low student engagement require attention. It is concluded that the STAD model is effective in improving students' learning outcomes in the subject of Electrical Lighting Installation, both in terms of cognitive aspects and social skills. Therefore, it is recommended that teachers implement STAD with proper syntax and consider developing supporting media such as digital simulations to optimize the learning process.

This study aims to analyze the influence of core values of Morality, work facilities, and work- life balance on employee commitment, with mental well-being as a mediating variable. This study was conducted on employees in the Administrative Bureau of the Leadership of the Regional Secretariat of East Java Province using a quantitative approach. Data was collected through a questionnaire of 50 respondents and analyzed using regression tests and Sobel Test to test the mediation effect. The results of the study show that the core values of Ber-Akhlak in work, work facilities, and work-life balance have a positive and significant influence on mental well-being. In addition, mental well-being has a significant influence on employee commitment and mediates the relationship between the three independent variables and employee commitment. Work facilities provide the greatest mediation influence compared to the core values of Moral Character and Work-Life Balance, emphasizing the importance of the role of leaders in supporting the mental welfare of employees in carrying out their work. This finding gives implications that the Administrative Bureau of the Leadership of the Regional Secretariat of East Java Province can increase employee commitment by implementing the core value policy of Ber-Akhlak, supporting work-life balance, and strengthening work facilities. This research also contributes to the human resource management literature by offering a new perspective in supporting employee mental well-being as a strategic factor in increasing organizational loyalty.

The purpose of this study is to examine how fourth-grade students at MI Al Barokah An Nur Jember use teaching aids to learn about the excretory system. A qualitative descriptive method was used, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that teaching aids are crucial in helping students understand the components of the excretory system in more detail. The tools used include replicas of human excretory organs, such as the kidneys and lungs. Teaching aids serve as visual media used by teachers to attract students' attention and enhance their engagement in the learning process. They also stimulate students' motivation to learn and assist them in retaining the concepts being taught. Therefore, teaching aids have proven to be beneficial in supporting science learning in the fourth grade at MI Al Barokah An Nur Jember.

Inclusive education is an education system that is friendly to all individuals without distinguishing the diversity of their characteristics. This system provides educational services that allow children with special needs to learn with their peers in the public school closest to where they live. This study aims to examine the "Implementation of Inclusive Learning for Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) at SDN Kemuning Tarik Sidoarjo", especially in inclusive classes. This study applies a qualitative approach with data collection methods through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The research findings reveal that the implementation of inclusive learning has attempted to answer the needs of children with ADHD, although there are still a number of obstacles such as minimal training for teachers and limited supporting facilities. Strategies that have been successfully implemented include the use of an individual approach, positive reinforcement, and curriculum adaptation. Increased collaboration between parties and policy support from schools are needed for the sustainability of inclusive and effective learning.

The development of information and communication technology has encouraged the world of education to adapt to the use of digital media in the learning process. One platform that can be utilized effectively is Google Sites, a free website creation service from Google that allows teachers and students to easily create web-based learning media. This article comprehensively discusses the use of Google Sites as a learning medium, including its advantages, disadvantages, and functions in supporting digital learning. In addition, this article also explains the systematic steps in creating a learning site using Google Sites, from planning to publishing the site. The results of the discussion show that Google Sites is a practical, flexible, and collaborative solution in supporting 21st century learning, especially in the context of blended learning and distance learning. Although it has limitations in design and interactivity, the advantages in integrating Google services and ease of use make this platform worthy of adoption in educational environments.

The pattern of asah, asih, asuh is still a priority problem to be resolved in Indonesia. Prevalence data on infants and toddlers with a lack of basic needs such as malnutrition, lack of interest in coming to the integrated health post, and the absence of monitoring of infant and toddler development in Babakan Village, Ciseeng District, Bogor Regency, there are around 20 infants and toddlers who still do not get the correct asah, asih, asuh pattern. This education aims to increase public understanding, especially mothers who have toddlers, regarding the concept of Asah, Asih, Asuh as a holistic approach in supporting child growth and development. This education uses a lecture method with booklet media. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires, the results of the education obtained a p value of 0.000 (p <p = 0.05) which means that there is an influence on increasing knowledge of basic living needs for infants and toddlers asah, asih, asuh as an intervention to prevent unbalanced nutrition and a lack of basic needs for infants and toddlers. And the t value is 6.205. The conclusion of this study is that educational interventions on Asah, Asih, Asuh can increase mothers' awareness and knowledge in caring for and fulfilling the basic needs of infants and toddlers, which ultimately contributes to more optimal child growth and development. It is hoped that the infant and toddler development monitoring program can be implemented at the integrated health post and mothers can better understand the contents of the KIA book.

The use of social media in Arabic language learning is becoming increasingly significant in today's digital age. Social media has become an integral part of students' and teachers' daily lives, opening up great opportunities to create more interactive, collaborative and engaging learning experiences. WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook, YouTube and TikTok can increase students' motivation to learn, make materials more accessible, and improve students' Arabic language skills. This study aims to identify the opportunities and challenges of using social media in Arabic language learning using library research method. The results show that social media is often utilized by teachers and students to improve communication, facilitate the distribution of teaching materials, and enrich the Arabic learning experience. The use of social media has also been shown to increase student motivation to learn through active engagement in discussion and collaboration. However, there are some challenges such as unequal access to technology, high potential for distraction, limited internet quota and network problems and digital security risks. The use of social media can be an effective tool in Arabic language learning if integrated with appropriate teaching strategies and accompanied by digital literacy training for teachers and students, as well as the development of creative and safe educational content. This study recommends the development of policies and guidelines for the use of social media in schools and universities, so that the potential of social media in supporting Arabic language learning can be optimally utilized. 

Language skills are an important aspect in early childhood growth and development because they are the basis for building communication, developing mindsets, and interacting with others. The purpose of this study is to reveal the role of audio-visual media in supporting the improvement of early childhood language skills in Kusuma Cendekia Kindergarten. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings show that the use of audio-visual media, such as children's songs, educational animations, and illustrated stories, is able to encourage increased vocabulary mastery, fluency in speaking, and children's courage in communicating. The media is considered effective because it is able to present interesting, concrete, and interactive learning, and is in harmony with the developmental stage of children aged 5-6 years. Teachers also apply strategies such as singing together, role-playing, and retelling the content of the video to strengthen children's language mastery. Nonetheless, some obstacles were found, such as the limitations of facilities and challenges in selecting the right content. The results of this study recommend the use of audio-visual media as one of the creative and fun learning tools in the early childhood education environment.

The Archives and Library Office of West Sumatra Province is a government institution that serves as a center for archive management and public literacy services. This building is visited by various groups, including agency staff, students, university students, and the general public. However, based on preliminary observations, several issues were identified regarding the existing signage system in the building, which was found to be inadequate, lacking in informativeness, and in many cases, unfit for use—making it difficult for visitors to navigate the space. This study aims to design a more effective and communicative signage system using a visual communication design approach. Data collection methods included direct observation and SWOT analysis to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the current signage conditions. The design process employed the Design Thinking method, consisting of five stages: empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and test. The outcome of this process includes five primary media: pictograms, floor plan boards, ground floor information boards, directional signs, and room information signs. Additionally, five supporting media were designed: staff ID cards, lanyards, library membership cards, folder maps, and bookmarks. The developed designs were evaluated through validation and feasibility testing involving two design experts and three visitors as respondents. Based on the assessment results, the design was rated as excellent, with an average score of 4.95 from the experts, and all general respondents gave positive feedback regarding the visual aspects, legibility, and informational function of the designed signage system.

At this time the coffee shop business is growing in various cities, the phenomenon of the mushrooming of cafes in Indonesia has become a common sight in various big cities to small cities, one of which is the city of Sidoarjo. Coffee shops not only function as a place to enjoy coffee drinks, but also become a social space for young people, especially generation Z. As in the city of Sidoarjo as one of the cities with quite rapid cafe growth, cafes that are always crowded with visitors because of the live music that is the hallmark of the cafe. In supporting this research, the method used is a quantitative approach method, with data collection techniques in this study being questionnaires. the results of the study showed that the live music variable had a significant effect on purchasing decisions, the store atmosphere variable had a significant effect on purchasing decisions, and also the social media marketing variable had a significant effect on purchasing decisions, in this case merci cafe must continue to pay attention to the needs of gen z by always maintaining live music facilities, and paying more attention to the cafe atmosphere to marketing on social media.

In today's digital era, social media has become one of the most effective marketing tools, especially for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). This study aims to examine the role of social media in MSME product marketing strategies and its impact on increasing visibility and sales. Social media such as Instagram, Facebook, and TikTok provide an affordable and easily accessible platform for MSMEs to build brands, interact directly with consumers, and promote products creatively. This study uses a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews with MSMEs and social media content analysis. The results of the study show that the strategic use of social media can increase the competitiveness of MSMEs, expand market reach, and build stronger relationships with consumers. However, the effectiveness of this strategy is also greatly influenced by consistency, understanding of the target market, and the ability to manage content professionally. Thus, social media has a vital role in supporting the growth and sustainability of MSMEs amidst increasingly competitive market competition.

The No Smoking Area (KTR) is a form of protection for the community from the adverse effects of smoking, which is regulated in Regional Regulation Number 2 of 2016. This study aims to analyse the implementation of the KTR policy in the Regional Apparatus Organisation (OPD) of Merangin Regency by reviewing four aspects of policy implementation, namely communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observation, and documentation. The research informants consisted of OPD parties involved in the implementation of KTR. The results showed that in the communication aspect, KTR policies have been socialised through print and electronic media, but delivery training has not been carried out optimally. In the resource aspect, limited human resources, funds, and facilities are the main obstacles in implementing KTR. In the disposition aspect, most OPDs show commitment in implementing KTR, but have not been supported by providing incentives or awards. In the aspect of bureaucratic structure, there is no special SOP or organisational structure in each OPD for KTR implementation, so the implementation is still not running optimally. In conclusion, the implementation of the KTR policy in Merangin Regency has not run optimally because there are still weaknesses in the four aspects, especially related to coordination, human resources, and supporting institutions.

This article aims to examine the role of digital learning media in supporting mathematics learning that is aligned with the spirit of the Merdeka Curriculum. The research was conducted using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method on twenty scientific articles that discuss the use of digital media in learning mathematics at various levels of education. The results of the study show that digital learning media such as the Canva application, Wordwall, digital comics, animated videos, and educational games can significantly improve concept understanding, learning motivation, and student engagement. Digital media also supports the differentiated and contextual learning approach that is the main characteristic of Merdeka Curriculum. This study concludes that digital media is not only effective in conveying abstract material visually and interactively, but also encourages the development of students' 21st century skills, such as critical thinking, independence, and creativity. The findings are expected to be a reference for teachers, researchers, and policy makers in designing innovative and adaptive mathematics learning strategies in the digital era.

This study aims to describe the implementation of the Canva application in supporting the learning process at SDN 75 Kota Bengkulu. Canva is a digital graphic design application that offers ease in creating engaging and interactive learning media. The research employed a qualitative descriptive method with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The subjects of the study included classroom teachers, students, and the school principal. The results showed that the use of Canva had a positive impact on enhancing teachers' creativity in designing teaching materials and increasing students' learning interest. Teachers were able to create more communicative and comprehensible visual materials, while students demonstrated higher enthusiasm during the learning process. Challenges encountered included limited technological facilities and initial unfamiliarity with the application, which were addressed through ongoing training and assistance. Thus, the implementation of Canva at SDN 75 Kota Bengkulu has proven effective in supporting more engaging, interactive, and contextual learning in the digital era.

This research aims to find out how Microsoft Mathematics can serve as a supporting media in developing students' mathematics learning. The Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method was used in this study by reviewing various relevant scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025. The researcher took 10 main articles to be thoroughly analyzed. The selection of literature was done through several stages, namely identification, screening, feasibility test, and data synthesis, using predetermined inclusion and exclusion standards. The results of the analysis showed that the use of Microsoft Mathematics can improve understanding of mathematical concepts, problem-solving skills, and learning motivation. In addition, due to its interactive features, such as equation solver, scientific calculator, and 2D/3D graphs, this program is considered effective in visualizing abstract mathematical concepts.

The rapid growth of social media has significantly influenced the psychological dynamics of adolescents, particularly regarding their mental health. This study aims to examine the relationship between the five dimensions of the Big Five personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) and adolescent mental health in the digital era. Using a qualitative method with a literature review approach, the study analyzed various recent scientific sources. The findings indicate that certain personality traits, such as high neuroticism, are positively correlated with mental health issues, while others, like extraversion and conscientiousness, serve as protective factors. The interaction between personality traits and social media usage patterns also affects adolescents' levels of stress, anxiety, and tendencies toward negative behaviors such as FOMO and digital addiction. These results highlight the importance of a personalized approach in supporting adolescents, involving parents, teachers, and counselors, to prevent psychological disorders and promote mental well-being based on individual personality characteristics.

Mathematical reasoning skills are an important aspect of mathematics learning that supports students in understanding concepts deeply and logically. With the development of technology, the use of interactive learning media such as Geogebra has become a promising alternative to improve the quality of learning. This study aims to analyze the effect of Geogebra-assisted learning on students' mathematical reasoning skills through a meta-analysis approach. The method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) guided by the PRISMA guidelines, covering publications from 2015 to 2025 that meet specific inclusion criteria. The analysis of seven research articles revealed that six of them showed a large to very large effect on improving mathematical reasoning skills, while one article showed a small effect. These findings reinforce the conclusion that Geogebra is generally effective in supporting the development of students' mathematical reasoning skills and is worthy of being part of mathematics learning strategies in the digital age.