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The author's background in taking this problem is because reading ability is one of the most important parts of the learning process in continuing students' academic levels in the future. This research shows the following results (1) Students in grades 4, 5, and 6 have different reading learning abilities in each class. (2) The teaching and learning process for students in grades 4, 5, and 6 who have difficulty learning to read differs depending on the teaching method and the actions taken by the teacher in the classroom. (3) Supporting and inhibiting factors for students at teaching campus 6 in overcoming difficulties in learning to read for students in grades 4, 5 and 6 at SDN Sumbersalak 02. The problems that students have are also different and the same among other students. (4) Efforts for students to teach. 6 to overcome students' difficulties in learning to read.

the main problem in this study is how the learning difficulties of children doing tutoring for Grade II students have difficulty reading in UPT SPF SD Negeri Mannuruki Kec.Tamalate Makassar City. This study aims to know the difficulty of the implementation of learning to Read Indonesian language learning students UPT SPF SD Negeri mannuruki Kec. Tamalate Makassar City. This type of research is a qualitative study to describe the implementation of the difficulty of learning to read students in Indonesian learning class II UPT SPF SD Negeri Mannuruki. The research procedure includes a sample of students in this study were second grade students with a total of 27 students. Data collection techniques were conducted by interviews, documentation and questionnaires. The collected Data were analyzed qualitatively. The results of qualitative research showed that the results of the test data analysis of reading learning difficulties obtained through the rubric of student learning difficulties in reading ability that there are 2 students (15%) who have difficulty reading while (84%) who do not have difficulty reading.in general, the factors that become learning difficulties for Class II students of UPT SPF SD Negeri Mannuruki in Reading are classified into two factors, namely factors contained within the student or externally. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the factors causing the difficulty of Grade II students UPT SPF SD Negeri Mannuruki in reading difficulties are: physical factors, physicological, socio-economic factors and factors that are not appropriate education providers

This study aims to improve the ability to read, memorise and understand the Qur'an among children and adolescents at Thamstamp Wittya boarding school, Pondok Satae, Narathiwat, Southern Thailand. Running from 5 July 2023 to 3 September 2023, the programme involved 19 students with activities held twice a day after dawn and evening prayers. The methods used included the delivery of tajweed materials, Qur'an recitation practice using the sorogan method, and short surah memorisation assignments. The tajweed materials covered the laws of nun sukun and tanwin, waqof signs, and qolqolah. This approach aims to improve reading techniques, understanding of tajweed, and memorisation of surahs. Initial results show that most students have difficulties in recitation techniques and memorisation, but with intensive assistance, significant improvements in the ability to read and understand the Qur'an are expected, in line with spiritual improvement and Islamic religious education.

Duha prayer is a sunnah prayer that is carried out in the morning starting from the rising of the sun until it is time for the dhuhur prayer. At SD Negeri 1 Cibeber, the dhuha prayer is taught during Islamic religious education (PAI) lessons, but students do not master the lafadz reading the dhuha prayer. The purpose of this study was to educate students of SD Negeri 1 Cibeber grade 3 so that they have the ability and understanding of the dhuha prayer both reading lafadz and procedures for dhuha prayer in accordance with applicable regulations. This service implementation method uses the PAR method which is carried out in stages: Problem identification is carried out as a first step to formulate what will be used as material for system planning and materials in educating in this service activity. Conducted a survey of SD Negeri 1 Cibeber  where the activities were carried out. Then carry out the interview and discussion process with the teacher at SD Negeri 1 Cibeber  to identify problems. The implementation of the solution or idea was carried out on 14 until 21 February, 2024 in the form of educating grade 3 students. perform the Duha prayer properly. By using this habituation method, it can improve students' ability to memorize the lafadz reading the dhuha prayer.

This type of research is experimental research in the form of Pre-Test Post Test Design, namely an experiment which in its implementation only involves one class as the experimental class without any comparison class (control class). The sampling technique used was a saturated sample, using the population as a sample, namely 20 students. Data collection techniques in this research used tests and observation. The data analysis used is descriptive data analysis and inferential data analysis. The results of inferential statistical analysis using the t-test formula show that the t value obtained is 10.52 with a frequency of dk = 20-1 = 19, at a significance level of 0.05, t table = 1.729. So, tcount > ttable or the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (H1) is accepted. This means that the use of snack packaging media influences initial reading ability in class I Indonesian language subjects at SD Inpres Tamattia, West Bajeng District, Gowa Regency.

The main problem in the research is identifying the factors that hinder the initial reading learning process for class I UPT SPF SD Inpres Jongaya students, Tamalate District. The research aims to analyze the factors inhibiting beginning reading in class I UPT SPF SD Inpres Jongaya, Tamalate District. The type of research is qualitative research with descriptive methods. Researchers collect data through observation, interviews and documentation. The subjects in the research were 5 students in class I UPT SPF SD Inpres Jongaya, Tamalate District, who were classified as having low initial reading ability. The results of the research show that there are two factors that hinder the initial reading learning process at UPT SPF SD Inpres Jongaya, Tamalate District, namely internal factors and external factors. Internal factors include children's lack of memory, children's slow understanding of learning, students' lack of attention to learning in class, excessive pressure on children, and children's lack of motivation and interest. External factors include lack of parental attention, lack of learning media available at home, lack of teacher skills, students never attending PAUD, lack of focus on reading activities at students' previous school (TK), limited time and attention of the community as well as the use of gadgets and playing excessive online games. Thus, it can be concluded that these factors hinder the initial reading learning process for class I students at UPT SPF SD Inpres Jongaya, Tamalate District.

The purpose of this study was to describe the results of implementing the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) model on students' ability to write negotiating texts. The method used in this research is an experiment with one group pretest-posttest. The sample of this study was students of class X Science and Social Sciences at SMA Al Washliyah Pasar Senen. The data in this study were obtained through documentation, interviews and tests. Based on the results of this study, the results showed that the ability of students in writing negotiating texts that received the application of the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) model increased. The results of the pre-test showed that the average student score was 63, as many as 37.5% or nine students who completed and 62.5% or 15 students who did not complete. While the results of the post test showed that the average student score was 79, as many as 95.83% or 23 students and 4.17% or 1 student who did not complete. So, there is an increase in the ability to write negotiating texts for class X SMA Al Washliyah Pasar Senen by applying the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) model.

Background: Disturbance soul or mentally experiencing significant increase, according to WHO 2023 Mental disorders with Hallucinations in Indonesia as much as 9.8% to 10.35% occurred in DKI Jakarta. Hallucinations is affecting mental disorders function perception or perception to environment without any real stimulus so that interpret something that doesn't real without stimulus or stimulation from outside (Stuart, 2021). One of method divert hallucinations with Application Intervention read Surah Al- Fatihah besides giving therapy pharmacology. Objective Work Scientific: Knowing the Application of Nursing Care to Hallucination Patients by Providing Al- Fatihah Reading Intervention Against Changes in Sensory Perception. Method: work scientific This use method study data collection case in a way observation, interviews, documentation, as well as using study instruments case with the Fostering format Nursing And Intervention Reading Al- Fatihah. Results: Results Work scientific end Nurse obtained analysis Care Nursing after done intervention for 6 days obtained that Action nursing And innovation intervention get results positive, symptom hallucinations client experience decline And ability client divert with read Surah Al- Fatihah increase, client capable do interventions taught _ in a way independent And with correct procedure. _ Role nurse in handle hallucinations patient in the orphanage or at home Sick Wrong the only one do application Intervention Reading Surah Al- Fatihah. Conclusion: After SP was carried out for 6 days and the Al- Fatihah reading therapy showed that the client remained in the controlling phase where in this phase the client had signs of moderate scale auditory hallucinations, which means the client still had hallucinations that were controlled by intervention. read Surah Al- Fatihah based on measurements using PSYRAT.

Reading skills are very important for elementary school students to master. To improve reading skills in elementary school is to use global methods. This research aims to determine the beginning reading ability of grade 2 students in elementary school. Based on the author's initial observations of the initial reading skills of grade 2 students at State Elementary School (SDN) 117830, low results were obtained. This can be seen from the symptoms that occur in learning, such as students being less active, not understanding letters, not understanding punctuation marks and students' low reading skills. This research is classroom action research. It consists of several main aspects of treatment and observation, namely increasing initial reading skills using global methods which were implemented at SDN 117830, involving 28 students consisting of 15 girls and 13 boys who were registered in the 2023/2024 academic year, using a research design Kemmis and Mc. Taggart which consists of two cycles. Each cycle is held twice in class and each cycle consists of four stages, namely planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The results of the research showed that in the first cycle of action, the average ability of students to read at the beginning reached 66% and the ability of students to read classically was 54%. In the second cycle of action, there was an increase in the initial reading ability to reach 87%, while the classical reading ability was 93%. Thus, it can be concluded that the application of the global method can improve the beginning reading skills of grade 2 students at SDN 117830.   

The main problem in this research is how to improve initial reading ability by applying the Synthetic Structural Analytical method to class II students at SD Inpres Tamarunang. This research aims to improve initial reading skills using the Synthetic Structural Analytical method in class II students at SD Inpres Tamarunang.This type of research is class action research (PTK) which consists of 2 cycles, each of which is carried out in 3 meetings. Research procedures consist of planning, implementing actions, observing and reflecting. The subjects in this research were 23 class II students at SD Inpres Tamarunang. The research instruments used were observation sheets (students and teachers), evaluation test sheets. The data collection techniques in this research are observation and tests. The data collected is then analyzed using qualitative analysis.The results of the research showed that after using the SAS method, grade 2 students at SD Inpres Tamarunang had improved their initial reading skills in cycle I. The initial data percentage of completeness was 47.82% or 11 students out of 23 and an average score of 70%. In cycle II there was an increase in the number There were 19 students who reached the KKM out of 23 students or 82.60% completed. Based on the results of the research above, it can be concluded that the application of the Synthetic Structural Analytical method can improve reading skills at the beginning of class II at SD Inpres Tamarunang.

The background of this research is the low literacy culture of students, this can be seen from the reading interest of Indonesian children which is still relatively low. According to a UNESCO survey, Indonesian children only read 27 pages a year and the dominant reading time of around 0-2 hours per day is 63%, while reading longer than 6 hours per day is only 2%. The purpose of this study was to find out the application of the storytelling method in increasing children's literacy in Indonesian language subjects. This study used descriptive qualitative research, while data collection techniques were carried out through interviews and observation. The results of this study indicate that literacy has a broad scope, not only talking about reading and writing letters, but the ability to capture information with logical and critical thinking, which is ultimately able to use it effectively to achieve certain goals. One method of increasing literacy in children is the storytelling method. The conclusion of this study is that there is a change in verbal ability, creativity and critical thinking in contributing ideas and imagination in the classroom.

Students are slow to memorize prayer readings because the learning methods used by teachers are still conventional. As a result, students are not interested in learning prayer readings. The objectives of this research are as follows: (1) create interactive learning media that can be used, easy to use, and suitable for individual learning; and (2) find out how effective the media is in teaching prayer. The Smart App Creator application is used to provide Android-based interactive media. Education must be able to develop the potential of every child in line with current developments in science and technology (IPTEK). Student potential can be developed according to the teacher's ability to manage learning. The material provided must be interesting and not make students bored.

Study This aim For describe aspect mental characters and the educational value of characters in fairy tales. This research is a qualitative descriptive research with content analysis method (content analysis). The literary psychology approach used is theory psychology David Krech. The research data sources are: (1) Text 5 Fairy Tales Children of the World by Dedik Dwi Prihatmoko, (2) relevant literature books. Technique collection data with technique read And technique write. Technique validation data with triangulation data And source. Technique analysis data with model analysis interactive. Based on results analysis can concluded that: (1) There is aspect mental in theory psychology literature that emphasizes the emotional condition of each character in the fairy tale child by Dedik Dwi Prihatmoko. The psychological theory used is theory according to David Krech which is divided into four, including emotions basic, emotions related to self-evaluation, emotions that related to sensory stimulation, and emotions related to person other. (2) 5 Fairytale Child World work Dedik Bi Prihatmoko load mark education character based on Profile Student Pancasila. Found mark moral glorious, diversity global, mutual cooperation, independent, creative and critical reasoning. (3) 5 World Children's Tales by Dedik Bi Prihatmoko worthy used by Teacher For develop students' reading ability and provide an understanding of emotions And mark kind.

Abstract: The aim of this research is to apply analysis of Sigmund Freud's theory, namely personality structure, namely Ideas, Ego, Super Ego to literary works. The work is based on the novel genre with the title El Verano by Pia Devina. This research uses a literary psychology approach with reading and analyzing analysis techniques. This research method is qualitative, based on Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory. The results obtained show that the idea of ​​the character Afa has a strong id, seen from the many id impulses that appear in him, such as impulses to act aggressively, avoid responsibility, attack others, express emotions directly, and avoid fear. The ego of Afa's character is quite good, seen from his ability to control his id impulses, express his emotions naturally, make realistic decisions, understand other people's feelings, build relationships with other people, and achieve satisfaction. Super Ego The character Afa has a developed superego, which can be seen from his ability to feel various kinds of moral emotions, such as feelings of guilt, regret, shame, wanting to be a better person, wanting to forgive, wanting to be a strong person, and feelings of satisfaction.

This exploration is expected to describe the internal and external elements apart from the reason for the low language skills in PAUD KB DURRATUL HIKMAH Balantak Area. This exploration is a fascinating test. The test subjects consist of superiors and subordinates. Data collection techniques are equipped with perceptions, interviews. The research results show that 1) the factors causing the low reading ability of teenagers include: a) Understanding of teaching staff and training in relation to the development of school education. b) students. 2) External factors that cause students' low reading ability include: a). the family climate is less stable, especially interest in reading in the family is still low and most parents rarely take their students to the bookstore h. b) less creative experts. c) the child himself. d) the impact of sitting in front of the TV and using a cell phone.  

The era of globalization demands the ability to read quickly as a crucial skill in facing the rapid growth of information. Speed reading is not just about speed, but also maintaining understanding of the reading content. This journal reviews the concept of speed reading, inhibiting factors, benefits, and strategies for increasing reading speed. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a focus on data collection and analysis. The results show that speed reading involves speed without compromising content understanding. Inhibitory factors involve vocalization, lip movements, head movements, finger pointing, regression, and subvocalization. Strategies to overcome inhibition include reducing physical movements, minimizing vocalizations, and strengthening self-confidence. The goals of speed reading involve efficiency in getting a general impression, finding specific information, and saving time. Increasing reading speed can be achieved through applying methods, focusing on relevant aspects, and avoiding inhibiting habits. This journal presents a comprehensive view to help individuals optimize their speed reading skills.  

The purpose of this study is to examine how much critical reading skills affect individuals in their life. Critical reading becomes an essential skill to distinguish between reliable information and not, as well as to understand the implications and consequences of a decision. By reading critically, one can identify different perspectives, consider relevant facts, and develop a deeper understanding of an issue before making a decision. The method of writing this article uses library research, a method of collecting data by understanding and studying the theories of various literature related to research. Decision-making ability cannot arise naturally, but needs to be built and trained in children early. One effective method for improving decision-making ability is to train critical reading skills. Critical reading is a process of analysis of the content of the text, in which the reader uses the critical thinking process to evaluate and decide whether to accept or reject information submitted by the author.

This classroom action research aims to improve reading skills through Jigsaw type cooperative learning for class VI students at SD Inpres, Sungguminasa, Gowa Regency. The subjects of this research were 40 grade VI students at SD Inpres Multilevel Sungguminasa, Gowa Regency. Academic Year 2023/2024. This PTK consists of 2 cycles, each consisting of 3 meetings. Data collection was carried out using the results of students' work when carrying out actions and observation sheets. The collected data was analyzed using quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. The results achieved were: (1) students' reading ability before the action was held was in the low category with an average score of 4.88 from the highest possible score of 10. (2) Students' reading ability after taking action in the form of Jigsaw type cooperative learning in Cycle I was in the high category with an average score of 8.04 from the highest possible score of 10. (3) Students' reading ability after taking action, in the form of learning by applying models Jigsaw type cooperative learning in Cycle II was in the very high category with an average score of 8.84 from the highest possible score of 10. (4) There was an increase in the percentage of student attendance. (5) Students' interest, attention and motivation in participating in the learning process using the Jigsaw cooperative model has also increased, this can be seen from the increase in student activity in the learning process. The results of this research also show changes on the teacher's side, initially teachers were less creative in using various Jigsaw type cooperative learning strategies, which had a good impact, apparently being able to motivate and increase teacher interest in developing effective learning.    

This classroom action research aims to improve reading skills through Jigsaw type cooperative learning for class VI students at SD Inpres, Sungguminasa, Gowa Regency. The subjects of this research were 40 grade VI students at SD Inpres Multilevel Sungguminasa, Gowa Regency. Academic Year 2023/2024. This PTK consists of 2 cycles, each consisting of 3 meetings. Data collection was carried out using the results of students' work when carrying out actions and observation sheets. The collected data was analyzed using quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. The results achieved were: (1) students' reading ability before the action was held was in the low category with an average score of 4.88 from the highest possible score of 10. (2) Students' reading ability after taking action in the form of Jigsaw type cooperative learning in Cycle I was in the high category with an average score of 8.04 from the highest possible score of 10. (3) Students' reading ability after taking action, in the form of learning by applying models Jigsaw type cooperative learning in Cycle II was in the very high category with an average score of 8.84 from the highest possible score of 10. (4) There was an increase in the percentage of student attendance. (5) Students' interest, attention and motivation in participating in the learning process using the Jigsaw cooperative model has also increased, this can be seen from the increase in student activity in the learning process. The results of this research also show changes on the teacher's side, initially teachers were less creative in using various Jigsaw type cooperative learning strategies, which had a good impact, apparently being able to motivate and increase teacher interest in developing effective learning.    

This research aims to find a solution to the problem of difficulties in improving language skills in terms of early reading in early childhood in group A1 in Hidayatus Shibyan Surabaya. The research method used in this research is the research and development method or often called Research and Development (R&D). The subjects of this research are students in group A1 of the Hidayatus Shubiyan Kindergarten for the 2023-2024 academic year with a total of 15 students with an average age 4-5 years old, consisting of 9 female students and 6 male students. The results of the research presented data on the differences between the use of Flipchart-based Pop Up learning media and increasing initial reading ability in group A1 of Kindergarten Hidayatus Shibyan Surabaya. From the table above, the result is tcount = - with a significance level of 0.000. Because the significance level is smaller than 0.05, Ha is accepted, and Ho is rejected. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that "There is an influence of the use of Pop Up learning media on increasing the initial reading ability of children in group A1 of Kindergarten Hidayatus Shibyan Surabaya"