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The Rwandan genocide in 1994 was one of the worst humanitarian tragedies in modern history, killing an estimated 800,000 people in less than 100 days. This event not only left deep wounds for the Rwandan people, but also had a significant impact on the development of international humanitarian law. This abstract examines how the Rwandan genocide prompted a revision and strengthening of international legal principles, including enforcement mechanisms, refugee protection, and trials for international crimes. Through an analysis of UN Resolutions, the establishment of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), and developments in the Geneva Conventions, the article shows that the Rwandan genocide has influenced the way the international community has responded to future armed conflicts and human rights violations.

Information technology (IT) plays an important role in supporting various aspects of modern life and industry. This research used quantitative methods with purposive sampling technique for sampling. Respondents were taken from members of the Seal Online Gladius community in an application called Discord totaling 298 members with a sample of 58 respondents. The research results showed that the contribution of the independent variable influence to the dependent variable was 13.8%, while partially the experiential value and the promotion did not have a significant effect on players’ loyalty. However, the player satisfaction has a significant effect on their loyalty.

This research examines the opportunities and challenges in the development of Buddhist traditions in Indonesia, with a specific focus on the role of Tri Dharma (三教 Sam Kauw) as a tradition-strengthening element in fortifying Buddhism in Singkawang City, West Kalimantan. The research is grounded in the dynamic development of Buddhism in Indonesia, which has been influenced by modernity and diverse interpretations of teachings. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive method through observation, interviews, and document analysis with religious leaders and Buddhist adherents in Singkawang City, particularly at the historic Vihara Tri Dharma Bumi Raya (established 1873-1878), the findings reveal that the Tri Dharma tradition—integrating Buddhism (佛教), Confucianism (儒教), and Taoism (道教)—holds significant potential in strengthening religious identity and practices through values of wisdom, virtue, and harmony integrated into daily life. The research identifies key opportunities including strong cultural identity, vibrant ritual traditions (Cap Go Meh festival, Tatung rituals), community support structures, and religious tourism potential. However, challenges include limited deep understanding of Tri Dharma teachings among younger generations, influences of popular culture that erode traditional values, pressures of globalization, and modernization impacts. The research implications emphasize the necessity of systematic efforts in socializing and internalizing Tri Dharma teachings through formal and non-formal education, digital media engagement, youth involvement in Vihara activities, tradition documentation and preservation, and inter-Vihara collaboration to ensure Buddhist traditions continue to develop and strengthen their existence in Indonesia's pluralistic society.

Local wisdom functions as a bridge between spirituality and sustainable living, especially in rural communities such as Wates Village. This article explores the integral role of local wisdom in maintaining cultural heritage and environmental balance in villages. Through in-depth study of traditional practices, such as the ritual of recitation of petilasan, earth almsgiving, and others. this research highlights how these customs are deeply rooted in spiritual beliefs that encourage ecological conservation. This paper argues that local wisdom in Wates Village not only strengthens cultural identity but also provides practical solutions for sustainable development. By examining how spirituality influences conservation efforts and community resilience, this research highlights the broader implications of local wisdom in addressing modern challenges. These findings show that the application of traditional knowledge systems can make a significant contribution to cultural continuity and environmental sustainability, as well as providing valuable insights for communities facing the pressures of globalization and environmental degradation. This research uses an interview method by going directly to meet the community and mingle so they can find out about the local wisdom that exists in this place. The aim of this research is to find out how much local wisdom exists in this village so that we KKN 102 students understand more about the culture in this village.

This paper investigates the impact of social media platforms on language usage and communication patterns in Kazakhstan, Monaco, and Indonesia. With the rise of digital platforms, language is constantly evolving, and new linguistic trends are emerging. The study looks at the interplay between online communication, youth culture, and the blending of languages, focusing on how social media serves as a medium for linguistic innovation and cultural expression in these three countries.

This study aims to explore the role of marine fisheries students in the hotate aquaculture internship program at the Hotate Business Fishery Cooperative Association in Japan. This internship program is designed to provide practical experience and in-depth knowledge of the hotate aquaculture industry, one of the important fisheries sectors in Japan, especially in Hokkaido. Students who participate in this program are directly involved in various aspects of hotate cultivation, including seed selection, environmental maintenance, catching, processing, and distribution. This study uses a qualitative method with in-depth interviews and participatory observation to collect data from participating students, mentors, and program managers. The results of the study showed that participation in the internship program provided significant benefits for students, including improved technical skills, an understanding of best practices in hotate farming, and the ability to adapt to modern technologies and methods in the fishing industry. In addition, the program also strengthens the relationship between educational institutions and industry, as well as opens up career opportunities for students in the global fisheries sector.This study concludes that the internship program at the Hotate Business Fishery Cooperative Association has an important role in developing quality and competitive human resources in the fishing industry, as well as contributing to sustainability and innovation in hotate cultivation in Japan.

Background: Prevention efforts and the impacts caused by drug abuse in the modern era and today's advanced technology remain a priority. This increase is indicated by the increasing number of drug users from various groups, especially students. The aim of community service is to provide counseling or education on the risks and prevention efforts of drug abuse to students at SMKN 7 Lhokseumawe city. Method:This activity uses the socratic method. Data based on the pre-test and post-test were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques. The activity was held on March 18 2024 at SMKN 7 Lhokseumawe City with a total of 35 male students ranging in age from 15 – 18 years. Results: the results obtained from pre-test data were low knowledge about types of drugs where 20% of students mentioned marijuana, 5% said crystal methamphetamine and 75% had heard of but did not understand drugs. Meanwhile, the post-test results showed that students were able to explain the meaning of drugs with a score of 93 and very low results were not able to explain the signs and symptoms of drug users with a score of 75. Conclusion: the conclusion was that there was an increase in students' knowledge about drugs. This is proven by the fact that 25% of students were able to explain the types of drugs when the pre-test increased to 90% compared to the post-test, with a maximum score of 100, an average score of 80 was obtained.

Hypertension is defined as an increase in systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure >90 mmHg, often triggered by unhealthy modern lifestyles. In the Working Area of Puskesmas Tumbang Talaken, Gunung Mas Regency, there was an increase in hypertension cases in 2021. Interviews with 10 patients revealed that 5 had a family history of hypertension and poor dietary habits, 3 were active smokers, and 2 rarely exercised and often felt tense due to work-related stress. The high number of hypertension cases warrants research into the factors associated with the incidence of hypertension in this area. The aim of this study is to analyze the factors related to hypertension incidence in Puskesmas Tumbang Talaken. Method: A correlational study with a cross-sectional approach. Data were collected using observation and questionnaires (physical activity, diet, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, and smoking habits). The sample consisted of 180 respondents visiting Puskesmas Tumbang Talaken, selected using accidental sampling, and data were analyzed using the Chi-square correlation test. Results: The study showed significant relationships between genetic factors (p-value = 0.000), diet (p-value = 0.000), physical activity (p-value = 0.000), stress (p-value = 0.000), and smoking habits (p-value = 0.000) with the incidence of hypertension in the Working Area of Puskesmas Tumbang Talaken, Gunung Mas Regency. Conclusion: The focus of hypertension control programs should be integrated and include comprehensive services, such as promotive and preventive services through health promotion activities, as well as curative and rehabilitative services. Behavioral changes should focus on avoiding cigarette smoke, adopting a healthy diet, and engaging in regular physical activity.

The modern lifestyle is a vibrant on the society. The research background of this research is the contemporary youth has enthusiastically embraced the dynamics of market economy and less on the faith formation. The objectives of this research find that the contemporary youth is energetic, idealistic, and courageous, on the other hand, the youth is confused, dazed by the forces of consumerism. This situation calls for preparation the catechist so that they will make a good contribution for faith and character formation. The finding this research open awareness about the significant journey with the youth of today, joining their quest for a meaningful and purposeful life, the mission of the Church looks for an effective formation program  for catechists grounded in the teachings of the Magisterium. Hence, this research has grounded implications on reflecting for effective present formation program. With a solid theological foundation, a clear goal, and a renewed method, journey with youth as new generation towards the human maturity, towards a faith-filled life, empowers the youth to respond God’s call with a right life-choice and stimulates their intensified participation in the society and other communities.

The transformative dialogue model of Jesus in the Gospel of John 1-4 portrays Jesus Christ's consistent evangelistic interaction through dialogues with various figures in different contexts, leading to changes in understanding and spiritual transformation both individually and collectively among those He encountered. This study aims to identify and analyze the transformative dialogue model employed by Jesus Christ in John 1-4 to achieve transformative goals, fostering relationships conducive to faith growth among His listeners and bringing people to faith in Him. The research methodology involves qualitative descriptive and exploratory text analysis with a hermeneutical approach to understanding the cultural and theological contexts underlying each effective mission dialogue. The study analyzes six dialogues in John 1-4 involving Jesus Christ conversing with four different groups of people. Dialogues are communication tools for bringing about deeper spiritual truths and change. The findings illustrate that Jesus Christ used various dialogical strategies to effectively communicate the Gospel message to people from diverse social backgrounds, building relationships that facilitate faith growth. The transformative dialogue model of Jesus Christ in John 1-4 demonstrates wise and open dialogue in evangelism, providing valuable guidance for modern evangelistic practices and emphasizing the need for adaptation to individual social contexts for maximum effectiveness in bringing people to Christ.

The Integrated Islamic School concept represents an educational approach that integrates a secular curriculum with Islamic values ​​in an educational environment. This approach aims to create a holistic learning environment, where students' academic, spiritual and moral aspects are the main focus. This research explores the implementation and impact of the Integrated Islamic School concept, highlighting how the integration of religious values ​​in the curriculum can influence students' overall development. The research method used for analysis is descriptive from literature and case studies from several Integrated Islamic Schools that have implemented this concept. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide a deeper understanding of the importance of integrating religious values ​​in the context of modern education.    

Pancasila, as the state foundation and ideology of the Indonesian nation, not only functions as a guide to national and state life, but also as a philosophical system that underlies the outlook on life, ideals and values ​​held by Indonesian society. As a philosophical system, Pancasila contains five interrelated principles and forms an integral framework for thinking. These five precepts reflect universal noble values ​​and contain moral principles that can be applied in various aspects of life. This study aims to analyze Pancasila as a philosophical system, explore the deep meaning of each principle, and understand its relevance and application in the context of modern life. Through a philosophical approach, it is hoped that this research can strengthen understanding of Pancasila as a moral and ethical foundation, as well as a guide in developing a just, prosperous and dignified society.  

Waste management is a critical component in modern-day living, especially with rapid urbanization and significant waste production. Improper waste management practices can lead to environmental pollution, public health issues, financial losses, and depletion of natural resources. This study focuses on Jatirejo Village, Nganjuk, facing serious challenges related to poorly managed waste disposal practices. Through descriptive-qualitative methods, the research identifies that villagers tend to burn or dispose of waste into rivers due to inadequate infrastructure. Additionally, local policies such as establishing waste bins at the Village Hall and issuing Village Regulations (SK Perdes) have been introduced as solutions to enhance awareness and behaviors in waste management

The Middle Ages in Islamic history is a century filled with thinkers and ideas from various fields. One of the experts at that time was the genius Islamic thinker Ibn Khladun who is famous among modern intellectuals. Ibn Khaldun is considered an expert in the fields of history, sociology, and politics. This research uses a literary method approach to explore the concept of asabiyah in Ibn Khaldun's thought and its implications for the formation and management of the state. Data is collected from various written sources such as books, journals, literature and scientific publications. Ibn Khaldun's view states that asabiyah which contains the spirit of brotherhood and group solidarity can be the key to the success of a country when utilized positively. But if directed negatively to unlimited fanaticism, asabiyah can threaten the stability and justice of government. Ibn Khaldun also underlined the importance of a leader who fulfills the characteristics of Imamah, namely strength, wisdom and the ability to lead fairly in accordance with his religious beliefs. Through understanding the idea of ashabiyah and the principles put forward by Ibn Khaldun, this study highlights the process of forming the state and government by the community. In addition, Ibn Khaldun divided his views on politics into two main components: the state and the leader. He asserted that a state will continue to develop from primitive times to more civilized times, with the expectation of production, civilization, wisdom, and strength that can overcome complex political situations. Therefore, asabiyah is not just an abstract concept, but also has a strong and real influence on the social and political dynamics of society and the people. Ibn Khaldun's work remains an important source of learning in both Western and Eastern countries to this day.

This study investigates the adaptation process carried out by the Kuta Traditional Village community towards their culture amidst the dynamics of modernization. Kuta Traditional Village is a cultural entity rich in traditions and noble values, but faces significant challenges in maintaining its identity in the contemporary era. This research explores how the Kuta Traditional Village community interacts with social, economic and technological changes that change their lifestyle, while still maintaining their unique cultural heritage. Qualitative methods are used to explore the dynamics of this adaptation, providing insight into the strategies and responses they apply in facing changing times.    

Meskipun berasal dari ilmu alam, filsafat ilmu semakin banyak digunakan untuk menggambarkan berbagai cabang studi. Beberapa bidang termasuk akuntansi, telah melakukan kajian dengan menggunakan metodologi ilmiah dalam penelitian. Pada bagian ini, kita akan melihat bagaimana akuntansi syariah dan ilmu akuntansi dapat dibangun di atas landasan filsafat ilmu. Setelah mengumpulkan bahan referensi yang relevan, penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dalam bentuk tinjauan pustaka (literature review) dengan pendekatan analisis deskriptif untuk mengkaji literatur yang ada mengenai penelitian.

Changes in the social behavior of the Kuta Traditional Village community are becoming increasingly significant along with the impact of the ongoing modernization era. Kuta Traditional Village, a community rich in traditions and cultural values, is experiencing transformation in various aspects of their daily lives. This study explores how modernization affects the social behavior patterns of the Kuta Traditional Village community, from traditions to their social interactions. Through an in-depth qualitative approach, the results of this research describe the dynamics of social change occurring in this traditional village and seek an understanding of how they adapt to the ever-evolving modern era.    

In this modern era, technology plays a crucial role in facilitating learning and enhancing understanding of academic material. This study focuses on Arabic language learning through the YouTube channel Arab Podcast, particularly on the video content of the book "Takalam Al-Arabiyah Volume 1". The research aims to provide a comprehensive overview of Arabic language learning through this channel, to understand the concept of content presentation, and to assist individuals in learning Arabic more easily. The study employed a qualitative literature review method with content analysis and discourse analysis techniques. Findings indicate that Arab Podcast not only serves as an effective learning resource but also fosters an active learning community through interactions in the comment section and positive feedback. By employing the As-Sam’iyah As-Syafahiyah presentation method and communicative approach supported by direct methods, systematically presented videos help learners understand and apply the material effectively, thereby creating an interactive and supportive learning community.

Crime or criminal acts, apart from being a humanitarian problem, are also social problems, they are even stated to be the oldest social problem . When carrying out crime prevention efforts, it must be seen in the context of overall social policy, the aim of which is to provide community protection and achieve community welfare. The aim of this research is to find out and analyze the relationship between criminal policy and social policy. This research was conducted descriptively analytically. Criminal policy is one of the fields of modern criminal law ( modern criminal sciences ) which consists of several components, namely criminology, criminal law, science and at the same time art . . Criminal policy as an effort to overcome crime has the main objective of protecting and creating community welfare. Achieving a level of social welfare and social protection is a national goal in implementing social policy .

Management Information Systems (MIS) are an integral part of modern enterprise operations. This article discusses the application of SIM in improving company efficiency. This research uses a qualitative approach to analyze how SIM can optimize management processes, decision making, and operational control. The results show that effective implementation of SIM can help companies to increase productivity, reduce operational costs, and improve customer satisfaction. In addition, this article also discusses the challenges and barriers that may be faced in SIM implementation as well as strategies to overcome them.