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PAK is an education that focuses on teaching Christian values and doctrines to students. The aim is to help students understand the teachings of Christianity, deepen their relationship with God, and form good character and morals. However, the fact is that some students do not understand Christian values. Students often only understand Christianity theoretically without being able to apply it in everyday life. This can hinder the development of student independence. In this study or study the authors used qualitative research methodologies and literature studies. The results of the study show that PAK can make a positive contribution to the development of student independence. Through teaching Christian values that encourage self-awareness and responsibility, students can acquire skills and attitudes that support independence, such as the ability to make decisions, be independent in learning, and play an active role in society. In the context of an independent curriculum, students can be integrated into the curriculum to support the development of student independence.

The formulation of the research problem is, "Is there a relationship between teacher teaching skills and student learning outcomes at UPT SD Negeri 1 Center Pattallassang, Takalar Regency". Thus this study aims to determine the relationship between teacher teaching skills and student learning outcomes at UPT SD Negeri 1 Centere Pattallssang, Takalar Regency.This type of research includes correlational research which aims to determine the relationship between teaching skills and student learning outcomes at UPT SD Negeri 1 Center Pattallssang, Takalar Regency. The sample used was sixth grade UPT SD Negeri 1 Center Pattallssang Takalar Regency as many as 32 students. Given that this population is large, the authors used purposive sampling. In collecting data used are questionnaires and documentation.The results showed that the teaching skills of teachers and student learning outcomes at school had a close and distinct relationship in the very high category, and there was a positive relationship between teacher teaching skills and student learning outcomes at school.

Efforts to Increase Child Entrepreneurship in PAUD/TK institutions. Everyone needs to have an entrepreneurial spirit, including children at an early age. Entrepreneurship education is not just about educating prospective entrepreneurs or teaching children how to make money from an early age, but also about growing and developing the character that already exists in children. The purpose of this study was to: find out whether there are changes in children's habits and attitudes after doing fun activities in farming and increasing entrepreneurial spirit from an early age. This research uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method by collecting and analyzing journals related to the word key. Based on the literature study conducted, it was found that the importance of planting and increasing understanding of the concept of entrepreneurship from an early age starting from early childhood education, this implementation needs examples in the form of activities carried out by playing to provide a good understanding of students. Another problem, students are less motivated to look for reference materials related to the material provided. Based on the analysis of learning tools, the entrepreneurship material being taught is still not sustainable so that the expected competencies are not clear. In addition, learning activities are still centered on the teacher. The results of the analysis of reference books to see the contents of the material, especially the main economic activity material. Instilling an entrepreneurial spirit from an early age makes children have a strong business spirit, sense of responsibility and independence. Efforts to Increase Child Entrepreneurship in PAUD/TK institutions. Everyone needs to have an entrepreneurial spirit, including children at an early age. Entrepreneurship education is not just about educating prospective entrepreneurs or teaching children how to make money from an early age, but also about growing and developing the character that already exists in children. The purpose of this study was to: find out whether there are changes in children's habits and attitudes after doing fun activities in farming and increasing entrepreneurial spirit from an early age. This research uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method by collecting and analyzing journals related to the word key. Based on the literature study conducted, it was found that the importance of planting and increasing understanding of the concept of entrepreneurship from an early age starting from early childhood education, this implementation needs examples in the form of activities carried out by playing to provide a good understanding of students. Another problem, students are less motivated to look for reference materials related to the material provided. Based on the analysis of learning tools, the entrepreneurship material being taught is still not sustainable so that the expected competencies are not clear. In addition, learning activities are still centered on the teacher. The results of the analysis of reference books to see the contents of the material, especially the main economic activity material. Instilling an entrepreneurial spirit from an early age makes children have a strong business spirit, sense of responsibility and independence.

The background of this research is that some students have a low level of awareness in participating in PAI learning activities, especially about historical material. Students are less enthusiastic in participating in learning and students are less involved in the process of teaching and learning activities. From the problems that exist, researchers are interested in examining the application of the time line method in PAI learning at SMAN 1 Tanjung Mutiara and its inhibiting factors. This study aims to find out how the application of the Time line learning method and its inhibiting factors. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research which describes the application of the time line method in PAI learning at SMAN 1 Tanjung Mutiara. In collecting data researchers used observation techniques, interviews and documentation. Meanwhile, to analyze it, the researcher uses data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. Researchers checked the data that had been obtained from various research instruments, namely teachers, principals and students using source triangulation, researcher triangulation and method triangulation. So as to produce a credible conclusion. From the research that has been done, it can be concluded that the application of the time line method in PAI learning at SMAN 1 Tanjung Mutiara starts with teacher planning in preparing lessons by making lesson plans which serve as teacher guidelines in teaching and learning activities carried out in the classroom. The application of the Time Line method in learning is carried out through three activities, namely preliminary activities, core activities and closing activities. The essence of applying the time line method is that students observe, analyze and discover for themselves related to learning in discussion activities. The inhibiting factors found were the short time allocation, the teacher's ability to link learning, students playing around during discussions, and female students being more active than male students.

Based on research on guitar music training for youth in church (GKSI) one of the goals is to help increase the independence of congregations for worship. teaching youth to play the guitar is in the ministry at the GKSI EBENHAEZER BAWUAYA church. One of the methods that will be held by God's servants for youth is one of the approaches. the method of approach used by God's servants in training skills/proficiencies for young people learning to play music (guitar) and so that it produces good and correct music playing techniques. in guiding mentoring and also teaching playing music (guitar) both done individually and collectively for the music team with the aim of increasing self-confidence to worship so that activities to learn to play music (guitar) can be carried out patiently and happily. In the process of learning to play the guitar, it is carried out using the training and mentoring method. through this method is done either orally or also in theory and also in practice. In training activities, results are assessed. We can do it together with the music training team with the song leader in the last music (guitar) playing activity carried out by the trainer.

RKAS is a set of school action plans that cover planning, coordinating, implementing, and monitoring teaching and learning activities in the future. From this it can be concluded that the RKAS covers all parts of budget management, from planning to accountability. The School Activity and Budget Plan (RKAS) must be designed in accordance with established procedures. The procedures are (1) taking inventory of school programs/activities for the following year; (2) compiling action programs according to their types and priorities; (3) determine the work program and program details; (4) Prepare working papers and spreadsheets, set financial goals and budgets and bring them into standard RKAS format. This preparation procedure was also carried out at SMAN 13 Surabaya. In carrying out the procedures for preparing the Activity Plan and School Budget SMAN 13 Surabaya also includes teachers and school committees to take part in the discussion process regarding the planned school activity program design. The RKAS reporting process is also important in order to uphold the principles of accountability and transparency in an educational institution. This is also done by SMAN 13 Surabaya, this school uses two reporting processes, including mandatory reporting through an application that has been provided by the government in the form of the SIPLAH and ARKAS applications. This application is intended to oversee the management and planning of learning in schools, not only that at SMAN 13 Surabaya also do manual reporting, namely reporting to the school committee.

Learning strategies can be interpreted as an outline of a course or general patterns of activities carried out by an educator and students in the embodiment of teaching and learning activities to achieve the goals outlined. There are several problems found by researchers in research locations, especially in the learning process of Akidah Akhlak at MTsS Miftahul Huda Silikuan Hulu Village, Ukui District, namely, students are not able to directly absorb the material presented by the teacher, lack of enthusiasm of students in class when learning Akidah Akhlak which causes some students to not care about the material presented by the teacher, and the teacher's lack of understanding of the application of learning strategies which can be seen from the learning process the teacher only uses monotonous learning strategies so that it does not increase the learning enthusiasm of students in the classroom. This research includes qualitative research, the data collected is in the form of words and pictures, in this case it is explaining how teachers use learning strategies. Researchers collected data through interviews, documentation, and field notes. Data were analyzed in three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. Techniques for guaranteeing the validity of the data are source triangulation, technical triangulation, and time triangulation. Based on the results of the research that the researchers conducted, it can be concluded that: (1) The strategies used by the aqidah moral teachers in class VIII semester 2 of MTsS Miftahul Huda Siliuan Hulu Village, Ukui District, namely problem-based strategies, discovery learning strategies, and cooperative learning strategies (2) Steps -Steps for implementing learning strategies in the subject of Aqidah Akhlak a. Opening learning activities, b. Explain the competence to be achieved, c. Educators help students define organizing tasks. d. Educators and students arrange tasks together. e. Students collect information according to the problem being discussed. f. Educators supervise the course of learning activities g. The teacher gives an explanation of the material. (3) Obstacles faced in implementing the implementation of the learning strategy of aqidah morals at MTsS Miftahul Huda Silikuan Hulu Village, namely the lack of teacher preparation in implementing learning, for the learning process to be carried out suddenly.

This study aims to develop a Teaching Factory planning strategy to enhance the entrepreneurship skills of students at SMK Darut Taqwa. The SWOT analysis method was used in this study, with data collected through observation, interviews, and literature review. The SWOT analysis results indicate that Teaching Factory can strengthen the relationship with stakeholders and the community, and provide opportunities for students to develop entrepreneurship skills and insights. However, there are several limitations and weaknesses in implementing this strategy, such as limited resources and a lack of technology and digital platforms to support student entrepreneurship development. To address these issues, this study recommends several strategies, such as developing entrepreneurship training programs for students, identifying new resources to support student entrepreneurship development, and utilizing technology and digital platforms to support student entrepreneurship development. These strategies can help SMK students develop the necessary entrepreneurship skills and insights to compete with established businesses in the market. It is hoped that the results of this study can serve as a reference for educational institutions and the government in planning effective and sustainable entrepreneurship learning programs in the future.

This study aims to examine the effect of the science and social studies module on story material in the area where I live on the learning outcomes of IV grade students at SDN Lebakrejo IV Purwodadi. This type of research is quantitative using experimental research methods, the form of Quasi Experimental Design research and the design of this research, namely Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The instrument used in this research is the test instrument. The population in this study amounted to 27 students. The instrument includes a pre-test and post-test using the t-test statistical analysis technique. The results showed that there was a significant influence from the use of the science teaching modules which had been developed according to the needs and characteristics of students, namely the t count (3.52) was greater than the t table (2.06), so it could be concluded that the difference between the mean post-test scores of the two groups were statistically significant.

   This study aimed to investigate the effect of inquiry model on students' learning outcomes in social studies at the elementary school level. The study employed an experimental research design, using a sample of 23 sixth-grade students from SDN Trawas 1. The results showed that the use of the inquiry model in social studies significantly improved students' learning outcomes compared to the conventional method. In teaching social studies, the inquiry model can be applied by choosing topics that are interesting and relevant to students' daily lives. Thus, the use of the inquiry model in teaching social studies at the elementary school level can provide significant benefits to students, such as improving their learning outcomes and motivating them to learn independently and creatively.  

One of the most crucial language components that students should master is vocabulary. It is caused vocabulary is always used in everyday activities. Nevertheless, the students have difficulty when learning vocabulary and the lack of ability of students in remembering new vocabulary in English. Based on the problems, as a resulted to conduct teaching vocabulary mastery by the use of media namely word wall to help students improving their vocabulary mastery. This research was conducted to the seventh grade of SMPN 3 Kec. Pangkalan Koto Baru. In this study, researcher used quantitative method with quasi-experimental design by comparing two classes. The subject of this study was seventh grade, namely VII1 and VII2. VII1 was experimental class with 25 students and VII2 was control class with 25 students. The research instrument was vocabulary test. The data was analyzed by using Independent Sample t-test in SPSS 26. This study indicated that there was significant difference in achievement of students’ vocabulary mastery between the students who were taught by using word wall media and without using Word Wall media. It can be seen from p-value which was smaller than the alpha value (0.000<0.05). From the results of the data, teaching vocabulary mastery through word wall media gave more significant effect to increase students’ vocabulary mastery.

Improving the quality of education for an educational institution is currently a top priority. This is the most important part in building sustainable education, therefore educators/educational staff must have a management principle in carrying out the level of change or development towards quality education. The purpose of writing this scientific article is to find out and review from a theoretical point of view and conduct discussions with previous theories. The method used is a theoretical review by analyzing and comparing existing theories. The result of this theoretical review is that the factors that affect the improvement of the quality of education quality are influenced by internal and external factors and in terms of resources. It can be concluded that the factors that influence the quality of education in educational institutions are an integral part that cannot be separated. These factors support the improvement of higher quality education and become indicators or standards of education and teaching. For educational institutions, it is necessary to develop teaching materials, develop learning strategies and methods, develop learning media, assessment, evaluation and assessment systems as well as educational curricula to improve the quality of teaching quality. It is also necessary for educational institutions to conduct monitoring and evaluation in as well as a more modern development program.

Learning media can be defined as an important element in a learning process. One example of learning media is teaching materials in the form of Emodules which in Emodules in this study use momentum and impulse material. One of the materials studied in physics is momentum and impulse. Momentum is a vector quantity so it has both magnitude and direction. Impulse itself is a force event that acts on an object in a short period. This type of research uses Research and Development (R&D) in the Tessmer development model which is also contained in the appendix. The stages are divided into two, including self-evaluation which is a determinant of the design features or specifications of the module. Prototyping where there are teaching modules will later be validated, evaluated, and revised. From the results of the module validation carried out by the examiners as experts, a review was carried out and a score was given to the module, namely, 91.2% consisting of image actualization of 75 points, in the aspect of modernity of the library, a score of 100 was obtained.

Abstract with "School Principal's Visionary Leadership Style in Improving Teacher Performance at Mts Ylpi Ibaadurrahman Sukabumi City". The main problems are: 1) What is the leadership style of the principal at Mts Ylpi Ibaadurrahman, Sukabumi City? 2) What are the implications for the performance of teaching staff at Mts Ylpi Ibaadurrahman, Sukabumi City? 3) How does the school principal transform the school's vision and mission in improving the quality of education at Mts Ylpi Ibaadurrahman, Sukabumi City? The research method used is a qualitative research method, data collection techniques used are through observation, interviews, and documentation. While the objectives to be achieved are to determine the leadership style of the visionary principal at Mts Ylpi Ibaadurrahman Sukabumi City and to find out the implications for the performance of educational staff at Mts Ylpi Ibaadurrahman Sukabumi City. The results of this study indicate that the principal's leadership style applied by the principal is generally responded to by good cooperation by his subordinates, who use a democratic-participatory leadership style. With this leadership that has an impact on educational staff because of democratic leadership the freedom to develop potential is enormous, good working relationships are established between superiors and subordinates, creating a comfortable work environment and understanding how important it is to invite all school parties to realize this vision in accordance with their duties and responsibilities. each. Thus the author can conclude that in this study principals are generally carried out with the cooperation of leaders and their members and how a leader motivates morale, fosters discipline, shows exemplary attitudes and behavior that school principal leadership in improving the performance of educational staff greatly contributes which is good for the progress of the quality of learning so that it can encourage the quality of education where the performance of educators and education staff is the key to success in the world of education. Research implication: The author suggests that the Principal maintains the main duties and functions of leadership that have been well developed, and continuously improves educational performance according to the needs of the institution and maintains time discipline and responsibility with each task as planned by the institution and prosper educators by carrying out assignments according to their respective pokies.  

Writing this thesis aims: 1) To find out student learning outcomes in class volume cube material; 2) To determine the effect of unit cube teaching aids on student learning outcomes; 3) To find out whether there are differences in the learning outcomes of class students who use unit cube teaching aids with classes that do not use unit cubes. This thesis uses a quantitative method with the type of quasi-experimental research. The samples used are two classes, namely class 5 A and class 5 B. Data collection techniques use observation, documentation, interviews and tests. This study used instrument test analysis Then data analysis techniques were used using tests and hypothesis testing. The results showed that: 1) There were differences in grade 5 student learning outcomes between classes that used unit cube teaching aids and those that did not use unit cube teaching aids with the calculation results t test obtained tcount 2.374 and ttable 1.672 so the result is tcount > ttable meaning H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected. 2) There is an increase in student learning outcomes after using unit cube teaching aids based on hypothesis testing with the control class results obtained at 0.61. It can be concluded that the improvement in control class learning outcomes is in the moderate category. While the n-gain test for the experimental class obtained results of 0.70, it was concluded that the increase in learning outcomes for the experimental class was in the high category.    

The purpose of this study is to compare the learning outcomes of students who were taught a system of linear equations with two variables using the Contextual Teaching and Learning model versus those who were taught the same material using the Direct Instruction methodology. Class VIII-1, which used the Contextual Teaching and Learning approach, and class VIII-2, which used the Direct Instruction model, were the topics. This study used a Posttest Only Control Group Design and a Quasi-Experimental Method. The sample for this study was drawn from two classes, specifically classes VIII1 and VIII2, each of which included 25 pupils. Both classes were equal and uniform. This data analysis is tested using the t-test with the parameters tcount = 5.020 > ttable = 2.059. H1 is accepted because H0 is refused. For instance, the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) methodology can help students learn more effectively utilizing social math tools.

This study aims to determine and describe the Implementation of Cultural Arts (Music) Learning Singing Material Based on the Independent Curriculum Class VII B SMP Unp Laboratory Development. This type of research is qualitative, with a descriptive approach. Research instruments are researchers themselves and are assisted by supporting instruments such as stationery, cameras and mobile phones. Data collection techniques are carried out through literature study, observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques are collecting data, classifying data, clarifying data, analyzing data, describing data and inferring data. The results showed that learning planning has not been fully guided by the teaching modules in the independent curriculum, the impact of these conditions, the learning outcomes of students are still not optimal. Then, at the stage of implementing learning, it has not been carried out optimally because when carrying out learning the teacher is not fully guided by the teaching modules made. Assessments, methods and learning strategies used by teachers have not been implemented in accordance with the stage of cultural arts learning outcomes based on the independent curriculum. Teachers who are too fixated on the material and lack of teacher intervention in the learning process of students Furthermore, at the evaluation stage, a full summative assessment has not been carried out, such as teachers do not do.

The purpose of this research is to describe the integrative thematic learning process for fifth grade students. The method used in this study is qualitative. Data collection techniques using interviews and observation and analyzed based on reduction diagrams, interpretation and conclusion. Research results at the learning planning stage, some lesson plans have used thematic lesson plans, but there are some subject matter that have not used thematic lesson plans. At the small part of the learning implementation stage, the delivery of material has not used thematic learning models, as seen in the delivery of material still based on subjects. Most of them already use thematic learning models. Furthermore, at the assessment stage, the thematic assessment model has not been used. The assessment of learning outcomes carried out by all teachers is in the form of a written test which is still carried out based on the subject. The obstacles to the application of thematic learning, namely the lack of socialization regarding thematic learning and the limitations of adequate teaching aids, so that it is less than optimal in concrete learning  

This article defines the process for developing a speaking syllabus for flight attendant school in a Flipped Learning Network (FLN), which increases student engagement and learning by assigning watching videos at home followed up in pre-teaching discussions, and requiring the students to work on live practices in face-to-face classroom activities. Considering that the syllabus is designed to develop the students' oral competence, the target speaking skill is aimed toward developing students' ability to engage in procedural communication in the workplace. Therefore, the topics/themes are chosen to meet the needs of flight attendants consistent with Project-Based Learning (PBL) by Forum Group Discussions (FGDs). In order to achieve this objective, the development of a syllabus begins with a need analysis, topic selection, syllabus prototype production, expert evaluation, and revision for the final product. The syllabus is organized such that the learning experience is explicitly stated for two formats: online meeting (through Google Classroom for the video analysis) as the lecture homework for pre-discussions followed by classroom face-to-face meeting (through FGDs with peers, individual work, and the teacher) to comprehend students' understanding though some units. Each unit has 2 (two) topics. Each topic consists of 60 (sixteen) minutes or 1 (one) meeting. This syllabus development is considered to be implemented in terms of  FLN for instructional activities in flight attendant school resulting higher-order thinking skills such as collaboration, design and problem solving as students tackle difficult problems, work in groups, research, and construct knowledge with the help of the teacher and peers.

This research focuses on developing a game-based learning model to improve students' mathematical problem-solving abilities of class XI students at SMK Pratidina Makassar. This model was designed to make the learning process more interesting and interactive while increasing students' understanding of mathematical concepts. Through a game approach, students are invited to think critically and analytically in solving mathematical problems, so that their problem-solving abilities can develop. The research results show that this game-based learning model is effective in improving students' mathematical problem-solving abilities. Apart from that, this model also succeeds in creating a more enjoyable learning atmosphere and students' learning motivation is higher. Therefore, this research recommends implementing a game-based learning model in teaching mathematics.