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Based on the aim of improving student learning outcomes, this classroom action research evaluates the effectiveness of using the Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL) approach. The TaRL approach ensures that learning is differentiated to meet the needs of diverse students. This research aims to assess how this integrated approach affects overall learning success.  PTK was carried out in class IV of SDN 01 Kanigoro with a total of 11 students in July 2023 with 2 cycles. Implementation of each cycle is carried out starting from problem diagnosis, design action, event observation, evaluation and reflection. Data collection techniques use observation, tests and documentation. The research results show an increase in student learning outcomes achieving the expected results. The results of research in cycle I showed that the learning outcomes of 7 students (63.63%) achieved learning completeness. In cycle II, there was a more significant increase, where 11 students (90.90%) achieved learning completion. Apart from that, the average result also increased significantly from 64.27 in the pre-cycle stage to 80.2 in cycle I and 88.1 in cycle II. Thus, this research provides evidence that the application of the TaRL approach is effective in improving student learning outcomes in the science and sciences subject material on buying and selling economic activities.  

The analysis of production costs using the full costing method at CV Cielofood Pratama in Bogor aims to set accurate selling prices through comprehensive production cost calculations. This study applied a descriptive case study approach, utilizing primary data from observations and interviews as well as secondary data. The analysis revealed a total monthly production cost of Rp 42,200,000, with a per-unit cost of Rp 15,461.54. These results demonstrate that the full costing method provides a complete overview of all production expenses, aiding management in decision-making related to pricing strategies and operational efficiency. The practical implication of this method can enhance the company's competitiveness in the market.

This study aims to determine the effect of selling price determination, product design and brand image on motorcycle buying interest at PT. Alfa Scorpii Adam Malik. The type of research used in this study uses quantitative research. The data sources used in this study are primary and secondary data sources. The data analysis technique used in this study uses descriptive statistical tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression tests and hypothesis tests. Based on the results of the partial test, it is known that selling price determination has a positive and significant effect on buying interest, it is known that the t-count value is 2.235 > 1.984, then partially product design has a positive and significant effect on buying interest, it is known that the t-count value is 34.534 > 1.984. And on brand image, it has a positive and significant effect on buying interest, it is known that the t-count value is 6.446 > 1.984. Simultaneously, it is known that selling price determination, product design and brand image together have a positive and significant effect on buying interest, it is known that the f-count value is 16.890 > 2.47. In the results of the multiple linear regression test, the dominant variable that has an influence is product design at 1.052.

This research is motivated by the problems found by researchers related to the promotion mix at Syamsiah Padang Lawas Hotel. This study aims to determine the promotion mix strategy carried out at Syamsiah Hotel Padang Lawas. The research method used is qualitative with descriptive methods. This research was conducted at Syamsiah Hotel Padang Lawas in June-July 2020. Determination of research informants using purposive sampling technique with a total of 4 informants. The data used are primary data in the form of direct communication with informants carried out by observation, interviews, documentation and secondary data obtained from Syamsiah Hotel Management documents. Data validity checking technique is done by tringulation. The data analysis techniques used are inductive analysis, deductive analysis and SWOT analysis. Based on the results of research on the meeting package promotion mix strategy at Syamsiah Padang Lawas Hotel, it can be concluded that the hotel has strengths in utilizing various advertising media, sales promotion, personal selling, public relations, and direct marketing. Advertising strategies through social media and print media allow hotels to reach a wide market segment, while providing discounts in sales promotions can increase bookings. Personal selling is effective in building direct relationships with customers, and involvement in public relations can improve the hotel's image. Direct marketing through WhatsApp has also proven to be efficient in targeting specific customers. However, there are some weaknesses, such as the design of pamphlets and brochures that are not updated, customer dependence on discounts, limited reach of sales calls, and lack of collaboration with the media and website development. Threats from competitors, negative public perception, and strategic mistakes also need to be well anticipated. By maximizing strengths and opportunities and overcoming weaknesses and threats, Hotel Syamsiah can optimize promotional strategies to achieve better results.

This research aims to find out “Implementation of Waspada Online Media in Communicating Educational News (Case Study: Waspada Medan City Office)”. The method in this study uses qualitative methods with the form of dataresearch(field research). The results of this study are that 1. The role of alert online media in communicating educational news, it can be concluded that Waspada Daily uses marketing communications such as advertising, sales promotion, public relations, personal selling and direct marketing. 2. Waspada Daily prioritizes establishing good relations with consumers and the community in facing competition with online media. 3. Facing the development of journalism in the digital era like today. This issue is interesting considering that repeatedly world journalism experts predict the death of print mass media every time the onslaught of technological developments occurs from time to time. In the digital age, people who need certain information from all over the world can simply search for it on search engines connected to the internet network anytime and anywhere with sophisticated equipment that is currently growing rapidly.

The need for such a large amount of money causes some people to try to get as much money as possible even using illegal means. Such illegal acts can be crimes against the currency itself, such as counterfeiting money which is included in illegal practices that violate the law. One of the modes used is by buying and selling using counterfeit money. This study is an empirical legal research with primary legal data sources collected through interviews with respondents at the Kelapa Lima Police Station as well as secondary legal data sources collected through literature studies or document studies. The results of the study found that: (1) efforts to overcome the crime of counterfeiting and circulation of counterfeit money in Kupang City, namely penal efforts and non-penal efforts carried out by the Kelapa Lima Police. (2) There are several obstacles faced in efforts to deal with the crime of counterfeiting and circulation of counterfeit money in Kupang City, including: the reluctance of the community to report the discovery of counterfeit money, the difficulty of collecting counterfeit money, the difficulty of arresting the perpetrators.

Transactions are legal acts using computers, computer networks, and/or other electronic media. One of the online shopping trends in Indonesia now is shopping using a live broadcast system via the social media Facebook. The system is where the seller displays the goods being sold and states the condition, the type of material, and the price determined by the seller. And if there are interested buyers, there will be a sale and purchase agreement between them. The formulation of the problem in this research is (1) How to implement agreements in online buying and selling transactions via live broadcasts on Facebook. (2) What are the obstacles to implementing the agreement in protecting the rights and obligations of buyers and sellers in online buying and selling transactions via live broadcasts on Facebook?This research is empirical juridical research, with data obtained by interviewing 16 respondents and supported by primary and secondary data, quantitative analysis, and description. The results of this research show that: (1) Implementation of responsibilities for the parties in the sale and purchase agreement at Vmshop-Kupang. Where the implementation of responsibilities has been well regulated in the mutual agreement in the agreement made, but the implementation is still less effective and things are still found that are detrimental to online buyers. (2) The inhibiting factor in implementing the sale and purchase agreement on the Vmshop-Kupang Facebook account is the lack of awareness on both sides regarding the importance of the agreement as a value that protects both parties, namely online buyers and online sellers if a dispute occurs in the future and other factors, namely The time to make a letter of agreement takes a very long time and is complicated so that both parties carry out the agreement with a system of trust without thinking about what will happen in the future.Online buyers must pay proper attention to the procedures for carrying out online buying and selling transactions and the rules that exist in buying and selling transactions as well as the importance of written agreements.

Lack of supervision carried out by the Padang Panjang City SME Cooperative Trade Service has resulted in several distribution problems such as the scarcity of 3 kg LPG gas, the selling price of 3 kg LPG gas exceeding the HET and the existence of bases that sell 3 kg LPG gas outside the Padang City area. Long. This research aims to find out what causes the scarcity of 3 kg LPG gas in Padang Panjang City, to analyze how supervision has been carried out by the SME Cooperative Trade Service and what are the inhibiting factors in the implementation of supervision using the supervision theory according to Maskan This research uses descriptive qualitative research with data collection methods used, namely interviews, observation and documentation. The results of this research indicate that the supervision of the distribution of 3 kg LPG gas carried out by the SME Cooperative Trade Service has not been carried out well and the factors causing the scarcity of 3 kg LPG gas in Padang Panjang City are the lack of 3 kg LPG gas quota, and the presence of unscrupulous bases who sell the gas out. Padang Panjang City area. The main inhibiting factor in this supervision is the lack of human resources in the Padang Panjang City SME Cooperative Service.

The development of technology and information is currently very influential in all aspects of life, for example the use of social media is not only used as a means of obtaining information but social media is widely used as a means of doing business call an online shop. The development of technology, there are many online buying and selling sites where in it gathers many online shops into one site that makes it easier for buyers to get the items they want with various promos that attract students to shop on the site. In this study, researchers want to know how the development of E-Commerce affects the consumptive behavior of Madiun State Polytechnic students. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative method with a sample of 105 Madiun State Polytechnic students by distributing questionnaires. The results show that of the 105 samples taken, it can be seen that the biggest influence on students' consumptive behavior towards E-commerce is due to the promo or discount factor provided by E-commerce sites at the beginning of the month. 

The motivation of this research is to find out about the importance of having an attitude of honesty in the study of hadith, so that the nature of dishonesty should not be used in muamalah in everyday life. Honesty is something that is highly prescribed in Islamic values, the value of honesty is a measure of one's faith, because the opposite of honesty is lying or deceit and that is something that has a value of deep dishonesty.This research method uses a qualitative approach with analysis and literature study. The results of this study include a general discussion of being honest both being honest according to the view of the Koran and hadith, being honest in carrying out assignments, being honest in trading and buying and selling, being honest with yourself or with others. The conclusion of this study shows that being honest is a must that must be owned by each individual person, as well as avoiding reasons for committing dishonesty, because being honest is a virtue and reflects one's faith. since early stage

This Independent Community Service Program (KKN) was implemented by students of the Muhammadiyah University of North Sumatra in Lingkungan XXIX, Rengas Pulau Village, Medan Marelan District. This activity focuses on empowering micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) through the application of batik cultural identity to leather bag crafts. Through this service, students help local craftsmen to combine batik motifs with leather bags in order to increase the aesthetic value and selling power of the product. The main objective of this activity is to increase public awareness of the importance of maintaining and preserving national cultural heritage, especially batik, as well as to provide education to craftsmen regarding the application of traditional techniques in leather bag production. This program consists of several activities, including training in making batik leather bags, socializing early savings in schools, and mutual cooperation activities to maintain environmental cleanliness. The results of this activity show an increase in the knowledge and skills of craftsmen in producing culturally valuable products, as well as increasing community participation in MSME activities. In addition, students also succeeded in motivating residents to be more active in protecting the environment and increasing awareness of the importance of health through integrated health service post activities. Thus, this KKN not only contributes to the development of the local economy, but also to the preservation of culture and improving community welfare.

This community service in Timbang Lawan Village aims to empower residents through training in planting chili seeds and making environmentally friendly dish soap. Implementation methods include needs identification, theoretical and practical training, as well as post-training evaluation and monitoring. This training is designed to help people reduce household expenses, both through planting chilies for their own consumption and making dish soap independently. Apart from that, this program also opens up new business opportunities by selling chili harvests and homemade soap at local markets, which can increase income, especially for teenagers and housewives. The results of the activity show that the community has succeeded in reducing expenses while creating independent businesses that have the potential to support the local economy in a sustainable manner.

The majority of MSME players in Kebun Sayur village, Siantar Timur sub-district, Pematangsiantar city have a poor understanding of how to calculate the correct selling price of products. They also do not understand how to identify costs and classify them appropriately. The selling prices they set for their products are not based on full cost estimates. As a result, the profit they make is not optimal. In view of these problems, a service activity in the form of socialisation was carried out for MSME actors in Kebun Sayur village. This socialisation activity aims to increase the insight and knowledge of MSME actors in Kebun Sayur village, Siantar Timur sub-district, Pematangsiantar city regarding product selling price determination. The socialisation activity was attended by 30 participants. The stages of service activities include preparation stage, implementation stage and evaluation stage. After participating in the service activities, the participants' insight and knowledge in product selling price determination increased. The participants were also able to identify and classify costs in the businesses they manage. This service activity has a positive impact on increasing the insight and knowledge of MSME actors.

The purpose of this service is to educate the Concept of Waste Bank, Green Economy, and Money Supply to the Community in Medan Belawan District. The special target in this community service is for the workers of the Blessing Waste Bank in Medan Belawan District to know what the Waste Bank, Green Economy, and Money Supply to the Community in Medan Belawan District is, how its application is an opportunity for household income, for example by becoming a new source of income from saving household waste that has been implemented so that they are able to read the economic and environmental problems that occur. The material presented at this community service is: what is a Waste Bank, Green Economy, and Money Supply, how the impact of the Waste Bank on income from household waste. Which can improve household welfare through public knowledge/understanding related to Waste Banks, Green Economy, and Money Supply. From this community service, it shows the results that with the existence of the Waste Bank, the application of the Green Economy concept can be seen from the collection of household waste that is easily collected at the Waste Bank, the community becomes a customer, has savings, withdraws money, then continues to spend consumption from the money which means that there are selling and buying activities in the market because of the money circulating in the community. This affects economic activities in the Medan Belawan District area.

The objective of this study is to analyze the income of durian farmers (Durio zibethinus Murr.) and to examine the influence of these production factors on the income of durian farmers in Garuda Village, Padangguni Subdistrict, Konawe District. This research was conducted in Garuda Village, Padangguni Subdistrict, Konawe District from May to June 2024. The population in this area consists of 30 farmers, thus a saturated sampling technique or census. The analysis methods used are income analysis and Multiple Linear Regression. The results of this study show that the average income obtained by durian farmers is Rp. 50,972,983/Ha/season. Based on the F-test, the variables of land area, number of trees, selling price, and labor wages significantly affect the dependent variable. The T-test indicates that the variables of land area, number of trees, and selling price significantly and positively affect the income of durian farmers in Garuda Village, Padangguni Subdistrict, Konawe District. In contrast, labor wages have a negative effect related to age, where younger labor tends to increase production results, while older labor results in decreased production due to declining physical abilities, thus affecting the income received.

The increasing number of internet users makes Indonesia a very potential market for e-commerce. The growth of the middle class and the literacy rate of online buyers and sellers is also growing. E-commerce itself is not new, but its rise marks a new milestone for this industry in the country. Although it is growing quite rapidly, there is still one major problem that is preventing e-commerce in Indonesia from taking off, namely the problem of consumer trust in e-commerce sites. Consumers still do not trust the sales system with a non-physical buying and selling process, do not trust to provide credit card numbers to e-commerce services and are still afraid of fraud. However, this crisis of trust can actually be solved. One of the many ways is to use a payment service that has guaranteed security. Not all e-commerce can provide their own payment system, now there are many services that provide a secure payment system and are especially easy to apply to online stores. E-commerce players can use this payment system easily, quickly and which can improve the performance process in their online stores. However, the selection of services that provide a payment system must also be considered carefully. A secure payment system provider will provide a sense of security to prospective buyers, meaning that consumer trust must be built by e-commerce service providers so that consumers can be comfortable and do not encounter problems in making purchases and paying for products in the online stores provided.Security is important, the use of credit cards is widely highlighted because there are still many unpleasant incidents or fraud that occur due to the use of credit cards. Education on this security needs to be carried out continuously, because it will be related to consumer behavior.

This research is intended to examine and gain a deep understanding of the different types of legal protections applicable to online game account transactions affected by fraud and scams, both prior to and following the establishment of agreements, by referring to the current laws and regulations in Indonesia. The scope of this legal protection includes preventive measures as well as the reinstatement of consumer rights in transactions impacted by fraud or scams, within the framework of national law. The study aims to clarify the various forms of legal protection available to consumers and the legitimacy of online game account transactions according to Indonesian law. Furthermore, the research explores the processes involved in online game account transactions and the definitions and features of scams and fraud from both civil and criminal legal perspectives. It also integrates various pertinent laws, including the Consumer Protection Law, the Information and Electronic Transactions Law, the Civil Code (KUHPerdata), and the Criminal Code (KUHP), along with recent updates to the newly established Criminal Code.

This study aims to determine the responsibility of the Kupang City Trade Office for the supervision and control of the sale of used clothes in Kupang City as well as the inhibiting factors for the implementation of the responsibility of the Kupang City Trade Office for the supervision and control of the sale of used clothes in Kupang City. To answer the above problems, this research method uses the Empirical Law research method using primary data and secondary data. The results of the discussion in this study show that, (1) The implementation of the responsibility of the Kupang City Trade Office for the supervision and control of the sale of used clothes The Kupang City Trade Office has never formed a single derivative policy/regulation as a follow-up to the regulation of the Minister of Trade No. 40 of 2022 on the ban on the import of used clothes, coordination between the Trade Office and SATPOL PP which is carried out in measuring the extent of the stages of Supervision and The control of the sale of used clothes has not been effective, the socialization carried out by the Kupang City Trade Office does not cover the possibility that the Kupang City Trade Office still finds business actors who sell used clothes. (2) Factors that hinder the implementation of the responsibility of the Kupang City Trade Office for the supervision and control of the sale of used clothes in Kupang City, namely Human resources owned by Trade Office employees are still not good, The low awareness of traders and consumers towards the applicable law makes business actors continue to sell used clothes even though there are regulations on the prohibition of selling used clothes,  Inadequate infrastructure greatly affects the responsibility of the Trade Office in supervising and controlling imported used clothes in Kupang City as well as the culture of shopping for imported clothes, this culture is very popular among people to wear used clothes.

The use of technology also plays an important role in selling companies and consumers to dig up information and provide positive or negative opinions about the desired product, which will affect consumer purchasing interest before buying the product. This study aims to analyze the influence of lifestyle, brand image, and e-wom on Unisba students' purchasing interest in Skintific skincare products. The population of this study was 150 management students. The data collection technique used was questionnaire distribution. The data analysis tool used was multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that lifestyle, brand image, and e-wom have an effect on Unisba students' purchasing interest in Skintific skincare products. Students feel that buying skincare is a lifestyle and necessity, as well as brand image, and e-wom built from Skintific products make consumers continue to use the product. Skintific itself already has a good brand image, uses good quality ingredients, and has a good opinion in the eyes of consumers so that this good product quality can increase purchasing interest.

Telkomsel Orbit is a product that provides an internet network that can be used anytime and anywhere, thereby attracting consumer interest. The company continues to market and develop this product so that it can continue to compete with other similar products, including by implementing several marketing methods which will be studied in this research. This study seeks to examine the impact of the independent variables, namely (X1) Personal Selling, (X2) Social Media Marketing and (X3) Sales Promotion on the dependent variable (Y1) Purchasing Decisions. This study uses quantitative data collected based on filling out questionnaires carried out by 330 respondents who are users of Telkomsel Orbit products in the Central Sumatra Region. Sampling was carried out by purposive sampling. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques via the SmartPLS application. Statistical results show that the independent variables, such specifically as (X1) Personal Selling, (X2) Social Media Marketing and (X3) Sales Promotion have a positive and substantial effect on the dependent variable (Y1) Purchase Decision resulting in an R-Square featuring the value of 0.267 or 26.7%. The Telkomsel Orbit marketing team is expected to continue to improve and evaluate the application of personal selling, social media marketing and sales promotions to influence consumer decisions in choosing Telkomsel Orbit products. The application of personal selling is considered the most effective in this research, so it is hoped that optimization of human resources and abilities in forming relationships with consumers will continue to be carried out. Likewise, sales promotions must be carried out more massively to be able to continue to compete with other competitors, because the best and most attractive price offers or sales promotion methods will be superior in influencing purchasing decisions. Meanwhile, social media marketing continues to be optimized, especially facing the digital world, where information is disseminated via the internet or social media, so content is needed with information content that can attract consumer interest in products.