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The development of emotional intelligence is greatly influenced by parenting patterns. Therefore, children's emotional intelligence needs to be formed during the pre-school period where there is reinforcement from the environment and parenting patterns obtained from teachers. This study aims to strengthen emotional intelligence that influences early childhood parenting patterns, informing children to control their emotions, overcome fear, dare and be ready to socialize without shame with their peers. This method is a descriptive qualitative study. The sample population of pre-school children at Pembina State Kindergarten, East City District. The total used in this study was group B2 at Pembina State Kindergarten, totaling 16 people consisting of 7 girls and 10 boys. This study used an observation method obtained from children's activities observed during the process of activities in the classroom about emotions.

KDRT atau domestic violence merupakan kekerasan berbasis gender yang terjadi di ranah personal. Kekerasan ini banyak terjadi dalam hubungan relasi personal, dimana pelaku adalah orang yang dikenal baik dan dekat oleh korban, misalnya tindak kekerasan yang dilakukan suami terhadap istri, ayah terhadap anak, paman terhadap keponakan, kakek terhadap cucu. Dampak bagi korban adalah mengalami sakit fisik, tekanan mental, menurunnya rasa percaya diri dan harga diri, merasa tidak berdaya, merasa ketergantungan pada suami meski telah disiksa, stres pascatrauma, depresi, bahkan keinginan untuk bunuh diri.  Pengabdian Masyarakat ini berupa edukasi kepada warga terutama kader Kesehatan tentang KDRT dan dampaknya serta upaya pencegahan dan deteksi dini KDRT di lingkungan keluarga. Kader juga harus mengsosialisasikan upaya pemerintah dalam mengatasi kasus KDRT. Kegiatan edukasi ini membantu meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran bagi warga, dan keluarga dalam penangganan terhadap kasus KDRT serta dampaknya.

Hibah is a form of voluntary gift given by a person to another while the giver is still alive. In practice, hibah often leads to legal issues, especially when a revocation occurs, which frequently results in disputes between the donor and the recipient. This study employs a normative approach using qualitative methods to examine the causes and legal implications of hibah revocation, as well as the requirements that must be fulfilled for the revocation to be legally valid under Islamic law. The findings indicate that revocation is permissible under certain conditions, such as when the hibah contradicts its intended purpose, exceeds one-third of the donor’s assets, or the recipient commits a breach of agreement. In Islamic law, there are differing opinions among schools of thought regarding the permissibility of revoking hibah given to one’s child. However, according to the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), parents have the right to revoke a hibah at any time. The legal consequences of revoking a hibah include the loss of ownership rights over the gifted property, potential family conflicts, and prolonged litigation processes. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the legal terms and conditions of hibah is essential to avoid future disputes.

Abstract. Language acquisition and learning are two fundamental processes in the development of individual language skills, where language acquisition occurs naturally from an early age through interaction with the environment, while language learning takes place in a structured manner through formal teaching methods. This article aims to analyze the principles of language learning, age differences in language learning, and supporting factors that influence the effectiveness of language acquisition. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with a literature study approach, and data is obtained from academic journals, research articles, and relevant literature. The results of the study indicate that children are superior in language learning compared to adults, especially in terms of speed and flexibility in absorbing new languages. By understanding the dynamics of language acquisition and learning, teaching methods can be adjusted to increase the effectiveness of language acquisition. Abstrak. Pemerolehan dan pembelajaran bahasa merupakan dua proses fundamental dalam perkembangan kemampuan berbahasa individu, di mana pemerolehan bahasa terjadi secara alami sejak usia dini melalui interaksi dengan lingkungan, sedangkan pembelajaran bahasa berlangsung secara terstruktur melalui metode pengajaran formal. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis prinsip-prinsip pembelajaran bahasa, perbedaan usia dalam pembelajaran bahasa, serta faktor pendukung yang mempengaruhi efektivitas penguasaan bahasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka (library research), dan data diperoleh dari jurnal akademik, artikel penelitian, dan literatur yang relevan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa anak-anak lebih unggul dalam pembelajaran bahasa dibandingkan orang dewasa, terutama dalam aspek kecepatan dan fleksibilitas dalam menyerap bahasa baru. Dengan memahami dinamika pemerolehan dan pembelajaran bahasa, metode pengajaran dapat disesuaikan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas penguasaan bahasa.

The sacraments of baptism and the Lord’s Supper are the two main sacraments in the Christian tradition, both carrying profound theological and spiritual significance. A sacrament contains two essential elements: an outward sign (such as water, bread, and wine) and a spiritual reality (namely, the grace of God given through the sign). A sacrament is not merely a symbol, but a means of communion with Christ that strengthens faith and bears witness to God’s grace. In Christian theology, a sacrament is broadly defined as a rite or religious ceremony performed to symbolize or help bring about a transformation in the lives of those who participate in it. The Sacrament of the Lord’s Supper is one of the key sacraments in the Christian tradition, symbolizing the fellowship of believers with Christ through the shared consumption of bread and wine. Its meaning is profound, as it is not only a remembrance of Jesus Christ’s sacrifice on the cross, but also an expression of faith and a deep reflection on the saving love of God. The Lord’s Supper also contains an eschatological meaning, pointing believers toward the future. In each celebration of the Lord’s Supper, the people of Christ anticipate the heavenly banquet at the end of the age.  

Instilling Christian values ​​in adolescents in Indonesia is a strategic effort to form strong character, ethics, and spiritual awareness. In addition to having an impact on individuals, this also creates harmony in a pluralistic society. The family is the first place to build a foundation of faith through teaching, praying together, and being a role model. Parenting patterns greatly influence the growth of adolescent faith. Therefore, Christian families are expected to not only provide material needs, but also attention and love that comes from God to foster adolescent spiritual values. This study aims to determine the form of parenting patterns in instilling Christian values ​​in adolescents aged 13–18 years, as well as the obstacles faced. The method used is qualitative with a naturalistic approach, involving 13 informants. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study showed three parenting patterns, namely democratic, authoritarian, and permissive, with the authoritarian pattern being the most dominant. The obstacles faced by parents include educational factors, a less conducive environment, economy, and parental busyness.

This study aims to explore the roles of schools and parents in shaping the character of students with physical disabilities at SLB Yasmin Sumenep. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach through a case study method, data were gathered via interviews, classroom observations, and documentation. The findings reveal that schools play a significant role by providing accessible facilities, training teachers, and promoting an inclusive school culture. Teachers act as facilitators and guides, applying adaptive teaching strategies and instilling positive values. Meanwhile, parents serve as primary companions at home, fostering their children's confidence and independence. The collaboration between schools and families is essential to creating a supportive and effective learning environment. Despite challenges such as students’ physical limitations and emotional fluctuations, comprehensive support from all stakeholders contributes to the optimal development and character building of students with physical disabilities.

The phenomenon of Indonesian labor migration abroad is a response to development disparities and limited employment opportunities within the country. The migration of Indonesian workers gives rise to serious vulnerabilities to human trafficking practices. This study aims to analyze the strategic role of the Indonesian Migrant Workers Protection Agency (BP2MI) in safeguarding migrant workers from the threats of exploitation and human trafficking. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and referring to the concepts of human trafficking and human security, this study reveals that BP2MI plays a crucial role in protection during the pre-departure, placement, and post-placement stages. Through administrative policies, training, provision of social security, supervision of recruitment agencies, and cross-sector collaboration, BP2MI strives to strengthen the protection system and prevent illegal migration, which has the potential to become an entry point for human trafficking practices.

This study aims to analyze the influence of interaction between parents on children's emotional development. Using a descriptive-qualitative approach based on literature studies in the past five years, the study found that interactions that include communication, parenting, and emotional support play a very important role. These aspects contribute to the formation of the child's emotional regulation, self-confidence, and social skills. This study makes a significant conceptual contribution to the development of emotionally sensitive parenting strategies. Children who experience positive interactions in their family environment tend to show good emotional balance and adaptive social skills. Conversely, negative interaction patterns can trigger problems such as anxiety, aggressiveness, and difficulty socializing. In addition, factors such as parental stress, lack of understanding of emotions, and excessive use of technology play a role in affecting the quality of the relationship. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of parental involvement in emotionally aware parenting practices to support children's growth and development. The study also highlights the need for social support and ongoing education for parents, in order to build an emotionally healthy family environment. It is hoped that the results of this study can be the basis for the development of family education programs and parenting policies based on scientific approaches.

This study is a descriptive qualitative study that aims to describe sexual education provided by parents at Taman Firdaus Christian Kindergarten, Balige, North Sumatra. Data were obtained through direct interviews with the Principal, teachers, and several parents. The results showed that teachers and parents at Taman Firdaus Christian Kindergarten had provided basic teaching about the physical differences between boys and girls. However, an explanation of the genitals and their names had not been given because it was considered inappropriate for the age of the children. The main focus of teaching was on norms of politeness and privacy, although a comprehensive understanding of sexuality had not been achieved. Understanding of boundaries and privacy was taught by emphasizing the importance of maintaining privacy, such as not showing genitals to the opposite sex and maintaining physical distance. However, there were challenges such as the limitations of school policies in separating boys' and girls' toilets. The use of appropriate language in sexual education has been carried out well, although consistency in the school environment and at home needs to be improved. Parental involvement in children's sexual education is considered important, but there are obstacles in the form of parental discomfort in discussing sexuality topics with their children at home. The descriptive approach in this qualitative study aims to describe in detail the events, phenomena, and social situations that are the focus of the study. Analysis is carried out by giving meaning, interpreting, and comparing the data obtained to gain a deep understanding of the subject being studied.

Adaptive approach is an intervention strategy that places the unique needs of each child with mild autism as the center of attention, so that learning and therapy methods are flexibly adjusted to individual characteristics and abilities. This literature review examines how adaptive approach can increase the independence of children with mild autism through the active role of parents and the implementation of structured daily activities. Parents act as the main partners in the learning process, not only providing emotional support, but also becoming facilitators who help children apply the skills learned at school into everyday life at home. Structured daily activities provide clear and consistent routines, helping children understand and anticipate activities, thereby reducing anxiety and increasing focus in carrying out tasks. Stimulus-response techniques are an effective method in developing children's adaptive behavior, with positive reinforcement that motivates children to continue learning and repeating independent behavior. Close collaboration between teachers, therapists, and parents creates an adaptive and consistent learning environment, which allows children to develop independence gradually and sustainably. This study confirms that holistic interventions involving full support from parents and the implementation of structured daily activities are the keys to success in increasing the independence of children with mild autism.

Adaptive approach is an intervention strategy that places the unique needs of each child with mild autism as the center of attention, so that learning and therapy methods are flexibly adjusted to individual characteristics and abilities. This literature review examines how adaptive approach can increase the independence of children with mild autism through the active role of parents and the implementation of structured daily activities. Parents act as the main partners in the learning process, not only providing emotional support, but also becoming facilitators who help children apply the skills learned at school into everyday life at home. Structured daily activities provide clear and consistent routines, helping children understand and anticipate activities, thereby reducing anxiety and increasing focus in carrying out tasks. Stimulus-response techniques are an effective method in developing children's adaptive behavior, with positive reinforcement that motivates children to continue learning and repeating independent behavior. Close collaboration between teachers, therapists, and parents creates an adaptive and consistent learning environment, which allows children to develop independence gradually and sustainably. This study confirms that holistic interventions involving full support from parents and the implementation of structured daily activities are the keys to success in increasing the independence of children with mild autism.

This abstract discusses the characteristics of the true church according to Christian views, emphasizing the importance of faithfulness to the Word of God as the primary foundation. The true church is a community that faithfully proclaims the Gospel of Christ purely, without addition or subtraction from the teachings of the Bible. This faithfulness serves as the basis for the church’s existence as the living body of Christ, functioning to spread salvation to all people. Besides faithfulness to the Word, the proper administration of the sacraments is also an important characteristic of the true church. Sacraments such as baptism and the Lord’s Supper are conducted according to Christ’s commands and serve as means of grace that strengthen the faith of the congregation. The spiritual discipline practiced within the church maintains the holiness of the members and encourages repentance and restoration, so that the community continues to live in truth and love. Unity and holiness reflect the church’s calling to live in love and truth, while the apostolic nature shows its adherence to the teachings of the apostles. Catholicity affirms that the true church is universal and transcends cultural and geographical boundaries.

. Advertisement is a communication tool containing symbolic messages to shape consumer perception and persuade behavior. One of the notable advertisements is the herbal product Tolak Angin, with the slogan “Orang Pintar Minum Tolak Angin”. The purpose of this study is to analyze the meaning of the messages contained in the slogan and how this advertisement forms a consumer image through the symbols and narratives conveyed. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature review method and Roland Barthes' semiotic theory as an analysis knife. This theory is used to see meaning through three layers, namely denotation, connotation, and myth. Tolak Angin advertisements are analyzed based on visual elements, character expressions, colors, verbal text, and other symbols that appear in the broadcast. The result shows that the advertisement constructs an image of a smart, modern, and health-conscious consumer through symbolic representation. It also creates a myth that consuming herbal medicine is a sign of intelligence and awareness of healthy living.

This Research aims to identify the role of of leadership in addressing and bridging differences of opinion between teachers and parents regarding the educational methods used. The goal is to create a harmonious collaboration to optimize children's development. The research method employed is library research, by collecting and analyzing various relevant literature sources to understand effective leadership strategies in building collaboration between families and schools. The findings indicate that effective leadership in early childhood education (ECE) settings must be able to accommodate diverse perspectives through open communication, collaborative activities, and the development of trust between schools and parents.

As a community of believers, the church plays an important role in shaping the faith and character of Christians. A healthy church is marked by the growth of its congregation and the spiritual vitality of its members. The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of a healthy church and evaluate how these traits impact the strengthening of believers' faith. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach and theological literature research, it was found that a healthy church possesses characteristics such as sound biblical teaching, genuine love for the congregation, servant leadership, active involvement of members according to the gifts of the Holy Spirit, and a strong commitment to prayer and fellowship. For believers, a healthy church fosters dynamic spiritual growth, harmonious community life, and active participation in ministry and evangelism. Such churches are not merely places of worship; they also act as agents of real social transformation. Therefore, a well-functioning church will produce resilient, loving Christians who serve as a light to others.

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of parenting patterns on student learning outcomes, especially in terms of increasing students' enthusiasm, independence, and interest in learning activities. This study focuses on parental involvement in supporting student learning activities at home and its impact on academic achievement. By identifying the types of parenting patterns and their impacts, it is hoped that this study can provide useful understanding for parents, educators, and schools to build constructive cooperation between families and educational institutions. This study uses a qualitative method through a literature review approach. The data used comes from trusted databases such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus which are sources of information in the form of articles, journals, books, and other scientific publications. The literature reviewed was selected based on the following criteria: published in the last 10 years and discusses the impact of parenting patterns on student learning outcomes. The findings of this study reveal that parenting patterns are a key factor in determining learning outcomes. Supportive and participatory parenting patterns shape positive attitudes, high motivation, and learning responsibilities in children. Active parental involvement is a major element in students' academic success.

This study aims to examine immigration administration within the context of foreigner surveillance in Indonesia through a literature review approach. The primary focus is on policy analysis, implementation, challenges, and the effectiveness of surveillance systems based on legal documents, institutional reports, and recent academic publications. Findings indicate that Indonesia’s immigration policy has a relatively strong legal framework through Law No. 6 of 2011 and its derivative regulations. However, its implementation still faces challenges such as limited human resources, uneven technological infrastructure, and suboptimal inter-agency coordination. The adoption of information technology tools such as SIMKIM, APOA, and CEKAL represents an important innovation, although they have not been fully optimized. This study recommends strengthening institutional capacity, updating evidence-based regulations, and enhancing multi-actor collaboration as strategic future steps.

Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) di era digital abad ke-21 menghadapi tantangan adaptasi teknologi, keterbatasan infrastruktur, dan metode konvensional. Diperlukan inovasi media pembelajaran interaktif untuk mengembangkan keterampilan abad ke-21 (berpikir kritis, kreativitas, komunikasi, kolaborasi) dalam pembelajaran Al-Qur'an Hadits, sembari mempertahankan nilai-nilai Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi literatur (library research) dengan menganalisis referensi dari Al-Qur'an, Hadits, jurnal ilmiah, dokumen kebijakan, dan buku. Data dikumpulkan melalui dokumentasi dan diolah melalui empat tahapan: pengumpulan, penyaringan, penyajian, dan verifikasi. Hasil dan Pembahasan ini menunjukkan Inovasi media pembelajaran Al-Qur'an Hadits di era digital mencakup e-book, aplikasi mobile (misalnya Learn Quran Tajwid, Muslim Pro), dan platform e-learning (seperti Lumio by Smart). Media efektif untuk keterampilan abad ke-21 meliputi animasi papan tulis, aplikasi literasi digital keislaman, dan model pembelajaran saintifik berbasis teknologi. Tantangan utama adalah keterbatasan infrastruktur dan pengembangan kurikulum yang relevan. Strategi yang diperlukan meliputi motivasi siswa, integrasi teknologi, penekanan nilai universal di sekolah; peran aktif orang tua di rumah; serta kemitraan masyarakat, kurikulum relevan, metode interaktif, pemanfaatan teknologi, dan pelatihan guru.

This study aims to analyze the role of parents in shaping the discipline of elementary school students. Discipline is a crucial aspect in supporting academic success and character development from an early age. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach. The subjects consist of parents, classroom teachers, and the principal at a public elementary school. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings indicate that parents play a significant role in fostering discipline through modeling behavior, establishing routines at home, supervision, and effective communication with the school. Supporting factors include active parental involvement and awareness of the importance of character education, while obstacles include parents’ busy schedules and lack of understanding of appropriate parenting styles. This study emphasizes the importance of collaboration between school and family in sustaining students’ disciplined behavior.