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The microbiological quality of clean water in Dusun Kepuhan has not met regulatory standards, posing potential health risks to the community. Laboratory examination identified Escherichia coli at 21 CFU/100 mL and total coliform bacteria at 180 CFU/100 mL, exceeding the permissible limits established by the Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation No. 2 of 2023. This community service program was conducted to enhance residents’ knowledge and practical skills in managing clean water through the application of a chlorine diffuser as a simple and practical disinfection method. The implementation process included problem identification, coordination with the local PAMSIMAS management, educational sessions, and hands-on demonstrations of diffuser preparation and use. Program effectiveness was evaluated using pre-test and post-test assessments involving 30 participants. The findings indicated a statistically significant improvement in participants knowledge following the training. The chlorine diffuser approach was considered appropriate for the community setting due to its ease of use, affordability, and gradual chlorine release mechanism. Continuous monitoring and sustained community commitment are necessary to ensure long-term implementation of safe water disinfection practices.

Background: Adolescence is a transitional period from childhood to adulthood, with signs of entering adolescence including physical and psychological changes. The adolescent phase is marked by physiological maturation such as the growth of tissues and body organs. This requires adolescents to have sufficient nutritional intake. If the intake is inadequate, it can lead to disturbances in the body's metabolic processes. Nutrient deficiencies, particularly iron (Fe), can cause nutritional anemia. Low hemoglobin levels can occur due to insufficient nutrient intake from food, especially nutrients that support hemoglobin formation. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between hemoglobin levels and BMI scores in female adolescents at SMA N 3 Boyolali. Method: The research design was correlational analytic, with a sample of 76 female students at SMA Negeri 3 Boyolali. The sampling technique used random sampling according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research instruments included a digital hemoglobinometer, a digital step-on scale, and a microtoa. Data were analyzed using the Spearman Rank test. Results: Bivariate analysis using the Spearman Rank statistical test showed r = 0.343 with a p-value of 0.002 < 0.05, indicating that Ha was accepted. An r of 0.343 is equivalent to 34.3%, indicating a low strength of association. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between hemoglobin levels and BMI scores in adolescent girls.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a vital role in the economy and community independence. However, the great potential of home-based businesses is often hindered by administrative issues related to business legality. This research focuses on UMKM Krecek Kulit Sapi Ashif in Jatirejo Village, which has been operating since 2018 but lacks a Business Identification Number (NIB), Household Industry Food (PIRT) permit, and halal certification due to perceived complex procedures. The main objective of this activity is to strengthen business management through product standardization and obtaining legal certifications to enhance the competitiveness of this MSME. The research method used a descriptive qualitative approach with a community service method based on mentoring, including observation, in-depth interviews, and hands-on practice in managing documents through the Online Single Submission system. The results show that through phased mentoring, UMKM Krecek Kulit Sapi Ashif successfully obtained an NIB and increased the owner’s awareness of PIRT food safety standards and halal certification procedures. The impact of this activity includes meeting administrative legality and improving knowledge, confidence, and professionalism in business management. Intensive mentoring proved crucial in transforming informal businesses into formal, legally protected entities.

Vickers microhardness tester adalah salah satu alat uji keras mikro yang menggunakan metodeVickers. Alat ini digunakan untuk mengukur kekerasan permukaan material pada skala mikrodengan menggunakan indentor berbentuk piramida intan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisispengaruh variasi beban indentasi terhadap nilai kekerasan pada blok standar yang dimilikimenggunakan Vickers microhardness tester. Pengujian dilakukan dengan empat beban indentasiyang berbeda dengan enam kali pengukuran tiap bebannya sehingga dapat diamati kestabilan hasilpengukurannya. Nilai kekerasan yang diperoleh dari hasil indentasi dianalisis untuk menentukanrata-rata nilai kekerasannya, dan pengaruh beban terhadap nilai kekerasannya. Hasil daripenelitian memperlihatkan bahwa variasi beban indentasi tidak terlalu memberikan pengaruh yangsignifikan pada nilai kekerasannya dan masih berada dalam batas toleransi blok standarnya.Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa blok standar yang digunakan masih memiliki homogenitasmaterial yang baik sehingga masih valid digunakan sebagai standar referensi dalam proseskalibrasi alat uji keras.

This research aims to develop and assess the feasibility of Microsoft Access-based learning media as a digital archive tool. Using a Research and Development (R&D) approach, the study follows the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The participants included one media expert, one material expert, one language expert, and 33 class X MPLB students at SMK Negeri 49 Jakarta. Data collection was conducted through observations, interviews, and questionnaires rated on a Likert scale, evaluated by experts and students. The findings show that: 1) The Microsoft Access-based media, developed for the MPLB basics subject, can be run on laptops or computers; 2) The media suitability received an 81.3% rating ("Very Appropriate"), material suitability 89.3% ("Very Appropriate"), and language suitability 100% ("Very Appropriate"). In the trials, individual testing with three students yielded 89.6% ("Very Eligible"), small group testing with 10 students received 75.7% ("Decent"), and field testing with 20 students reached 86.8% ("Very Eligible"). 3) The product is deemed highly suitable by experts, with strong support from small group and field trials, confirming its effectiveness as a learning tool.

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) enables computation on encrypted data with end-to-end confidentiality; however, its practical adoption remains limited by substantial computational costs, including long encryption and decryption times, high memory consumption, and operational latency. Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) complement FHE by enabling correctness verification without revealing sensitive information, although they do not support encrypted computation independently. This study integrates both techniques to enable encrypted computation with verifiably consistent results. A prototype system is implemented in Python using Microsoft SEAL for homomorphic encryption and PySNARK for Zero-Knowledge Proof verification. Experiments are conducted on standard consumer-grade hardware (Intel i5, 8 GB RAM, Ubuntu 22.04) using datasets ranging from 100 MB to 1 GB. The evaluation focuses on encryption and decryption time, homomorphic computation latency, memory usage, and proof generation overhead. Experimental results show that integrating ZKPs introduces a moderate and stable runtime overhead of approximately 15–20%, as analyzed in Section 4, while enabling verification without plaintext disclosure. Ciphertext expansion remains a notable limitation, with observed growth of approximately 30–40× relative to plaintext size, consistent with prior FHE implementations. Despite these overheads, the system demonstrates feasible scalability for datasets up to 1 GB on mid-level hardware. Overall, the results indicate that the integrated FHE+ZKP approach provides a practical balance between confidentiality, verifiability, and performance, supporting its applicability to privacy-preserving scenarios such as secure cloud computation, encrypted data analytics, and confidential data processing under realistic resource constraints.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in economic development; however, their competitiveness is often constrained by weak branding and limited digital marketing capabilities. This community engagement program aimed to strengthen brand identity and digital capacity of the “Pukle” catfish cracker MSME in Karangsuwung Village, Cirebon Regency, through an integrated branding and sharia-based digital marketing approach. A participatory–collaborative method was employed, consisting of needs assessment, Workshops, technical mentoring, and monitoring and evaluation. The interventions included the development of brand identity elements (logo, tagline, and visual guidelines), improvement of informative packaging, activation and optimization of WhatsApp Business, and utilization of TikTok Shop as a social commerce channel. In addition, a standard operating procedure for sharia-compliant digital content based on the principles of shiddiq (truthfulness), amanah (trustworthiness), fathanah (competence), and tabligh (communicativeness) was formulated to enhance consumer trust. The results indicate improvements in product professionalism, digital channel management, content consistency, and customer interaction. The integration of branding and sharia digital marketing proved relevant in building differentiation, expanding market access, and strengthening long-term business reputation. The program highlights that MSME digital transformation requires capacity building, continuous mentoring, and ethical value integration to ensure sustainable competitiveness.

Low financial literacy, weak sharia-based governance, and limited business legality remain key barriers to the sustainability of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). These constraints reduce managerial capability, restrict access to formal financing, and hinder business growth. This study developed an integrated mentoring model combining financial literacy, sharia governance, and business legalization using a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach. 25 MSMEs in Brebes Regency participated in four stages: needs assessment, training, mentoring, and evaluation. Data were collected through pre- and post-tests, bookkeeping observations, and legality checklists. Results showed significant improvements: financial literacy scores increased from 52 to 84 (61.5%), bookkeeping adoption rose from 20% to 88%, and Business Identification Number (NIB) ownership increased from 32% to 84%. Average monthly turnover also grew by 33%. These findings indicate that participatory and practice-based mentoring effectively enhances knowledge, behavior, and economic performance. The model offers a scalable strategy for strengthening sustainable and ethical MSME management.

This community service initiative aims to enhance the managerial capacity and digitalization skills of MSME owners in Mencirim Village, East Binjai. Initial observations revealed five structural issues: weak financial record-keeping, conventional marketing strategies, minimal use of social media for promotion, lack of brand identity, and limited understanding of pricing strategy. The methodology employed a Participatory Action Approach (PAA), encompassing needs identification, structured training, practical workshops, and six weeks of intensive mentoring for 25 MSME participants. Results indicate a substantial increase across all measured indicators: 84% of participants implemented simple bookkeeping, 76% actively used social media for promotion, 72% developed brand identities, and 80% demonstrated improved pricing strategies all surpassing the established targets. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test confirmed statistical significance (p < 0.05). The program also fostered entrepreneurial mindset shifts, the formation of local business networks, and the emergence of community-based local leaders. Continuous mentoring and cross-stakeholder collaboration are recommended to sustain long-term economic impact.

This study aims to examine how standard costing can be used as a tool for planning and controlling production costs in salted egg cracker micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). MSMEs need to manage their production costs effectively to increase their profitability in an era of increasingly fierce business competition. A case study was used to collect data through interviews, observations, and financial document analysis. The study shows that the implementation of standard costing has helped more accurate production cost budget planning. This makes it easier for management to compare standard costs with actual costs, which allows for effective and efficient cost control. Furthermore, the findings indicate that standard costing can serve as a benchmark and evaluation tool to improve operational effectiveness. Furthermore, this study suggests that MSMEs should incorporate a standard costing system into their financial reporting process and educate management and employees about the importance of cost control. Therefore, implementing standard costing can be a long-term strategy to keep the company operational and competitive in an increasingly competitive market.

The rapid development of e-commerce has significantly increased the participation of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the digital economy, particularly through the use of pre-order transaction schemes. Although Indonesia has established a relatively comprehensive legal framework for consumer protection and electronic transactions, pre-order transactions involving MSME products remain highly vulnerable to fraud. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of legal regulation and implementation of consumer protection in pre-order transactions conducted through e-commerce platforms, to identify legal, institutional, and social factors contributing to consumer vulnerability, and to examine the role of the state and e-commerce platform providers in strengthening consumer protection as a public policy. This research employs a normative legal research method with a prescriptive-analytical character, utilizing statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The findings reveal that existing consumer protection mechanisms remain partial and predominantly reactive, as they do not specifically accommodate the inherent risks of pre-order transactions nor are they supported by preventive supervision and enforcement mechanisms. Consumer vulnerability arises from the interaction between regulatory gaps, institutional limitations, and social conditions such as information asymmetry and low legal and digital literacy. Accordingly, this study emphasizes the necessity of a synergistic role between the state and e-commerce platforms in developing and implementing consumer protection policies oriented toward substantive justice and fraud prevention in the digital economy.

Oral candidiasis pseudomembranous is an infection of the oral cavity caused by microorganisms such as fungi, specifically due to the overgrowth of Candida albicans. It frequently manifests in individuals with impaired local or systemic immunity, or those with specific behavioral risk factors. Predisposing factors, such as habitual alcohol consumption and smoking, play a significant role in reducing the resilience of the oral mucosa and altering the balance of the normal oral flora. This case report aims to examine the correlation between behavioral risk factors and the development of pseudomembranous oral candidiasis. A 22-year-old male was reported to have a lesion consisting of thick, raised, whitish plaques that were non-scrapable and asymptomatic. The patient had an unhealthy lifestyle, including alcohol consumption and smoking two packs per day, along with poor oral hygiene. To confirm the suspicion of oral thrush, a potassium hydroxide (KOH) examination was performed, which revealed the presence of Candida albicans. This led to therapeutic management using Nystatin (Candistatin) and Chlorhexidine, complemented by mechanical treatment with a tongue scraper. Pseudomembranous oral candidiasis in this 22-year-old male patient is a classic example in which local behavioral risk factors and lifestyle act as the main triggers of infection.

The increasing demand for housing in tropical regions requires building materials that are fast to apply, environmentally friendly, and resilient to extreme climate conditions as well as disaster risks. Conventional interlocking bricks are often chosen for their ease of construction, yet they still face challenges such as moisture and early cracking. This study proposes the innovation of the Hybrid Living Green Brick, a combination of lightweight bricks made from rice husk ash and fly ash waste (FRCB) with a biological layer of cyanobacteria. FRCB improves compressive strength by approximately 30% with the addition of 5% rice husk ash, achieving 65 kg/cm², thereby meeting Class 50 requirements (≥50 kg/cm²) according to SNI-15-2094-2000. The incorporation of 3% cyanobacteria provides an additional though not significant strength improvement, while still within the Class 50 category. It also reduces brick weight by 4.3%, with further optimization potential through cyanobacteria integration, and lowers carbon emissions from the firing process. Cyanobacteria induce the formation of CaCO₃ layers that seal pores, reduce water absorption by an average of 10%, and provide self-healing properties for microcracks. Preliminary observations indicate that FRCB offers stable mechanical performance, while biological activity was observed on the 7th day with the formation of pale-white mineral layers continuing until the 28th day. This hybrid innovation shows potential to support sustainable and disaster-resilient tropical construction by combining the mechanical strength of waste-based materials with the biological durability of cyanobacteria against extreme climates. Despite challenges related to moisture control and production standardization, the Hybrid Living Green Brick concept opens new pathways for developing environmentally friendly construction materials that are more adaptive to disaster-prone tropical conditions.

Social change in Indonesia has had a significant impact on various aspects of life, one of which is reflected in the emergence of the Sole Proprietorship Company concept under Law No. 6 of 2023 on Job Creation. This framework allows individuals to establish a Limited Liability Company, particularly to support micro and small enterprises (MSEs). The innovation is not merely an adaptation of global practices but also a response to the need to strengthen economic independence. This study applies an interdisciplinary method with normative and socio-legal approaches to examine the provisions of the Sole Proprietorship Company by integrating social change factors underlying its necessity, despite substantive differences from conventional Limited Liability Companies. The analysis explores legal legitimacy and social readiness, concluding that social transformation drives the demand for this concept. Thus, regulations should be refined to remain simple and effective while encouraging MSEs to use it as a legal safeguard.

The development of automation and robotics technology has driven innovation in various industrial fields, particularly in automatic sorting systems. Manual sorting processes often lead to inefficiencies and human errors, creating the need for an automatic, fast, and accurate system. This research employs a qualitative method which includes experimentation, testing, and system documentation. The system is designed as a robotic arm for sorting objects based on color, utilizing a TCS3200 color sensor and an ESP32 microcontroller. An ultrasonic sensor detects the presence of objects, while the sorting results are displayed through a real-time web monitoring system. The test results show that the prototype successfully sorts four primary colors (red, green, blue, and yellow) with a high level of accuracy. This research is expected to serve as a reference for the development of automation systems and robotics learning tools in both educational and industrial applications. In addition, this research also contributes to the development of technology that can increase efficiency and accuracy in industrial production processes and provide more environmentally friendly solutions by reducing the need for manual labor.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a vital role in Indonesia's economy with a contribution of more than 60 percent to the Gross Domestic Product and the absorption of 97 percent of the national workforce, but their participation in international trade is still low with only 14 percent involved in export activities. This research aims to analyze the challenges and opportunities faced by MSMEs in accessing the global market and identify adaptation strategies developed by entrepreneurs. A qualitative method with a phenomenological approach was applied through in-depth interviews with 18 export-oriented MSME owners and managers in East Java who were selected by purposive sampling. Thematic analysis using ATLAS.ti revealed seven main challenges including limited access to capital, complexity of export regulations, constraints on production capacity and quality consistency, language and cross-cultural communication barriers, lack of international market information, logistics infrastructure problems, and intensive competition. On the other hand, four strategic opportunities were identified, namely increasing demand for sustainable authentic products, accelerating digitalization and e-commerce, utilizing free trade agreements, and ethical consumerism trends. MSMEs develop effective adaptation strategies in the form of strategic collaboration, product differentiation with  premium positioning, the use of digital technology, and a focus on  specific market niches. The research emphasizes that the successful internationalization of MSMEs requires a holistic approach integrating internal capacity building with the support of a conducive external ecosystem.

Traditional fermented foods made from glutinous rice play a significant role in Indonesia’s local food system, with fermented glutinous rice known as tape ketan being one of the most popular products. Tape ketan is produced through a fermentation process using traditional starter cultures that involve diverse microorganisms, resulting in distinctive sensory characteristics. This review article aims to examine and synthesize previous studies related to the fermentation process of tape ketan and the characterization of metabolites formed during fermentation. The study employed a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis based on a literature review of relevant national and international scientific journals. The findings indicate that tape ketan fermentation involves starch hydrolysis, sugar fermentation, and the formation of primary and secondary metabolites influenced by fermentation time and microbial composition. Primary metabolites such as simple sugars, organic acids, and alcohol contribute to the basic sensory attributes of the product, while secondary metabolites including phenolic compounds and bioactive components enhance its functional potential. The characterization of these metabolites demonstrates that tape ketan is not only a traditional fermented food but also has promising potential for development as a value-added functional food based on local wisdom.

Community service activities in Kalirahayu 1 Village aim to improve the utilization of social media as a marketing tool for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). This initiative is important because many MSME actors in the village have not maximized social media usage, which limits their opportunities to increase product sales and market reach. The program was implemented through consultations, practical training, and continuous mentoring involving 10 MSME actors in Kalirahayu Village. Through this activity, participants were introduced to digital marketing strategies, including content creation, product promotion, and customer interaction through social media platforms. The results showed that MSME actors gained new knowledge and skills in using social media effectively, while students involved in the program also developed practical experience in digital marketing. Although several challenges were encountered, such as limited technological facilities and differences in participants’ initial knowledge levels, the program successfully increased awareness of the importance of digital marketing. This activity demonstrates strong potential for sustainable development and is expected to support the growth and competitiveness of MSMEs in rural areas.

The retail grocery business is an important part of the traditional market economy. However, most micro-businesses still face limitations in financial management and inventory control. This community service activity aims to improve the capacity of retail grocery businesses in Bolu Market, Tallunglipu District, through assistance with simple financial record-keeping and inventory management based on sales data. The implementation methods included observation, socialization, training, and direct assistance to business partners. The results of the activity showed an increase in the partners' understanding of the importance of financial recording and inventory, as well as their initial ability to implement daily business recording. This activity contributed to improving business efficiency and supporting the sustainability of micro businesses in traditional markets. Furthermore, business partners have demonstrated improvements in more structured inventory management, resulting in reduced waste and stock discrepancies. This initiative is expected to have a long-term impact on developing the capacity of micro-entrepreneurs in traditional markets.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in supporting Indonesia’s economic development, not only by contributing to economic growth but also by creating employment opportunities. Along with the rapid increase in the number of MSMEs, competition among business actors has become increasingly intense, including in the knitted industry, which requires consistent product quality and efficient production processes. In this context, this community service program is designed to strengthen the competitiveness of MSMEs by improving their understanding and implementation of machine maintenance. Proper and well-planned maintenance practices are expected to reduce the risk of machine failure and minimize product defects. The activities were carried out through a series of socialization sessions, training programs, and technical assistance focused on machine maintenance calculations. The expected output of this program is a community service report that will be further developed into a scientific article and published in the Indonesian Journal of Community Service.