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Rape is a criminal act by means of violence, threats and forcing the will on others, to commit an act that violates the rules, rape is often committed by someone by forcing others to have intercourse with threats and violence. In rape, many become victims, where almost all victims lack the courage to defend themselves so that it is easy for someone to commit rape. As in article 285 of the Criminal Code. The type of research used is normative juridical and empirical juridical. Normative juridical research is legal research that places law as a building of a norm system. The norm system in question is regarding the principles, norms, rules of laws and regulations, agreements and doctrines (teachings). This research was conducted on secondary data such as laws and regulations, scientific journals, law books related to the law of cooperation agreements and agencies. While empirical juridical research is research that has an object of study regarding community behavior. The behavior of the community studied is behavior that arises as a result of interacting with the existing norm system. The interaction emerged as a form of public reaction to the implementation of a positive legal provision and can also be seen from the behavior of the community as a form of action in influencing the formation of a positive legal provision. Empirical legal research in writing this thesis was conducted through direct interviews with the Sei Rampah District Court, Serdang Bedagai Regency. Research Results A. Imposition of sanctions on perpetrators of rape in the decision of the Serdang Bedagai District Court Number 511 / Pid.Sus / 2022 Pn Srh. Sentencing the Defendant therefore to imprisonment for 14 (fourteen) years and a fine of Rp1,000,000,000.00 (one billion rupiah) with the provision that if the fine is not paid it is replaced with imprisonment for 2 (two) months; B. Regulation of criminal acts of indecency in laws and regulations. Article 281 of the Criminal Code Threatened with a maximum imprisonment of 2 years and 8 months or a maximum fine of Rp4.5 million: C. Obstacles faced in protecting victims of indecency against women and steps. The obstacles experienced are in the form of a protracted legal process (undue delay), evidence, the absence of articles regulating certain sexual crimes, intimidation from the perpetrator, and lack of support from the victim's closest environment.  

Live streaming on social media has changed the way people share information and entertainment, providing greater convenience and access than conventional broadcasting. However, this change also brings challenges, especially regarding ethics and its impact on young audiences. Content on social media is often poorly monitored, making it easy to find sensational or inappropriate content, such as violence, hoaxes and unethical behavior. This is exacerbated by platform algorithms that prioritize content that triggers emotional reactions to increase popularity. Conventional broadcasting has strict rules to maintain the quality and ethics of content, while live streaming on social media often relies solely on platform policies which are not always effective. As a result, many content creators try to attract attention in extreme ways, which can influence the behavior and mindset of young audiences. This research discusses the differences between conventional broadcasting and live streaming on social media, as well as the importance of the responsibilities of platforms and content creators in maintaining ethics. Apart from that, digital literacy for young audiences is needed so that they can be more critical in choosing content. In conclusion, cooperation between content creators, social media platforms and society is needed to ensure social media becomes a safer and more beneficial place for all.

This study critically examines access to justice for minors who are victims of rape in the context of the Indonesian criminal justice system, with a special focus on the human rights perspective. This study is motivated by the high number of cases of sexual violence against children and the complexity of handling them in the Indonesian legal system. The research problem is how to protect human rights for minors who are victims of rape in the law enforcement system in Indonesia. The research method uses qualitative normative legal research by analyzing legal doctrine and related legislation. The research method used is qualitative normative legal research, namely examining various laws and regulations and related literature to understand legal principles and their implementation in the field. The results of the study show that in terms of legal-normative, the protection of children's human rights is regulated in various national and international laws and regulations. However, there are several challenges in its implementation in the field such as limited understanding of law enforcement officers, facilities, and implementing regulations. For this reason, it is necessary to strengthen socialization, legal frameworks and implementation facilities, and continuous evaluation in order to realize universal protection of children's human rights. This study identifies systemic challenges faced by victims in seeking justice, including child-unfriendly legal procedures, lack of psychosocial support, and persistent social stigma. The study’s main findings indicate significant gaps between international human rights standards on child protection and practices on the ground. This study argues for a comprehensive reform of Indonesia’s criminal justice system to better accommodate the needs and rights of child victims, including the provision of specialized legal assistance, increased sensitivity of law enforcement officers, and the development of recovery-centered justice mechanisms. This study offers concrete recommendations for system improvement, which are expected to serve as a reference for policymakers, legal practitioners, and other stakeholders in efforts to improve access to justice for child rape victims in Indonesia.  

This study examines murder cases triggered by romantic conflicts in Cipinang Prison, Jakarta. Using a qualitative approach, this research employed in-depth interviews with inmates and prison officers to explore the motives, processes, and social and psychological perspectives of the perpetrators. The findings reveal that romantic conflicts, such as jealousy, financial pressures, and feelings of being undervalued, are often the main triggers of violent acts leading to murder. Uncontrolled emotions and impulsive reactions exacerbate the situation, while the social environment, both before and during incarceration, plays a significant role in shaping deviant behavior patterns. The study also identifies various challenges in the rehabilitation process within the prison, including insufficient attention to the emotional needs of inmates and the negative influence of interactions with fellow prisoners. Referring to Differential Association theory, the study emphasizes that deviant behavior is often learned through negative social interactions. To prevent similar violence, emotional education, conflict management, and evaluations of individual-based rehabilitation programs are necessary.

SMA Negeri 12 Semarang City has religious diversity, namely 1) Islam; 2) Christianity; and 3) Catholicism, making the school one of the targets of the National Medium-Term Development Plan 2024 to increase the index of harmony between religious communities through education. The focus and purpose of the research is to describe in detail the implementation of moderation of religious life in SMA Negeri 12 Semarang City. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. The researcher had a role in collecting data by using observation, interview, and documentation methods. This research uses an interactive model data analysis technique which then uses source and technique triangulation for validity. The results showed that the implementation of moderation in SMA Negeri 12 Semarang City has been carried out well, this can be seen from the achievement of moderation indicators, namely 1) National Commitment of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5), Pancasila Education (PP) learning, Religious learning, flag ceremony and character camp; 2) Tolerance of P5, Religious and PP learning, Healthy School Movement programme, and Child Friendly Education Unit; 3) Anti-violence of P5 and punitive measures in the form of warnings, advice, point deductions, and mediation with the result that cases that cannot be handled are expelled from school; 4) Local Cultural Accommodation of P5 and extracurricular activities in the form of traditional dance.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between the internalization of religious moderation values and the emotional intelligence of students in Buddhist colleges in Indonesia. The values of religious moderation are measured through indicators of national commitment, tolerance, anti-violence, and acceptance of traditions. Meanwhile, emotional intelligence includes self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills. The research employed a quantitative approach with a correlational design. Data were collected using questionnaires distributed to students and analyzed using statistical correlation tests. The results of the study indicate a significant relationship between the internalization of religious moderation values and the level of students' emotional intelligence. Students with a high internalization of religious moderation values tend to exhibit better emotional intelligence, particularly in the areas of empathy and self-regulation. These findings highlight the importance of integrating religious moderation values into higher education curricula to support the emotional and character development of students.

Restorative Justice is an alternative dispute resolution outside of criminal penalties, in other words, it is resolved through familial means and also aims to repair the relationship between the perpetrator and the victim. Recently, the application of restorative justice has been found in the field, which has become the main basis for resolving criminal cases of rape committed by police officers by filing an appeal in the appellate court, so that the police officer who is the perpetrator of the rape, named Bripda Fauzan (FA), who was previously subjected to the sanction of dishonorable dismissal (PTDH) in the Police Ethics Code Commission session, was not dismissed on the grounds that the rape case was considered resolved after the perpetrator married the victim. However, some time after the appeal decision, the perpetrator was reported again for allegedly neglecting his wife, who is the victim of the rape he married, which will be further examined in this research regarding the cause of Bripda Fauzan (FA) leaving his wife. This study aims to provide a real view of the application of restorative justice as the main basis for resolving rape cases, the method used in this journal is a normative juridical research method with literature studies and looking at empirical facts in the field through news circulating on the Internet media regarding rape cases by police members who are considered to have been completed after marrying the victim. The settlement of rape cases carried out by police members with restorative justice has tarnished the credibility of police institutions that do not seem to understand the fatality of sexual violence cases with the application of restorative justice in cases that have a major impact.

This research examines the issue of contract marriages in Indonesia, focusing on the legal gaps that result in uncertainty and negative impacts on women and children. Despite the increasing prevalence of contract marriages, there is no clear regulation in the Marriage Law or criminal law governing this practice, placing individuals involved in vulnerable positions, especially women who are often victims of exploitation and violence. Through an analysis of existing regulations and their impact on social structures, this study highlights the need for legal reform, including the revision of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage and the formulation of specific legislation to prohibit contract marriages. This research also recommends strengthening the oversight system, law enforcement, and providing protection services for women and children to create a safer and more equitable environment.  

This study discusses domestic violence, especially against wives, after the issuance of Law No. 23 of 2004 concerning "Elimination of Domestic Violence.” This study aimed to determine the protection of wives as victims of domestic violence. The research method used was normative legal research, using primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Library research was conducted to collect legal materials. The conclusion that can be put forward is that Law No. 23 of 2004 has normatively provided protection to victims or wives, but it is still not comprehensive, and there are still forms of protection that require more detailed explanation or description.

Cases of Sexual Violence in Southeast Sulawesi have been increasing from year to year, in Kendari City recorded cases of violence against women and children in the year 2022 from January 2022 to December 2022 as many as 40 cases. There were 38 cases in 2021, while in 2022 there were 40 cases. This research aims to find out the difference in the role of parents in the prevention of sexual violence in school age children between SMAN 1 Kendari and SMAN 3 Kendari. This research uses a cross sectional study design. The population in this research is all 2nd and 3rd grade students who are 758 people in SMAN 1 and 746 people in SMAN 3 in Kendari City. The sample in this research is 85 students of SMAN I Kendari and 85 students of SMAN 3 Kendari, sampling using the proportional random sampling technique using the Mann-Whitney test. Obtained the results of the research by comparing between SMAN 1 & SMAN 3 Kendari City, it is seen that there is no significant difference in the role of parents as counselors, the value of p = 0.134 is found, and there is a significant difference in the role of parents as caregivers, the value of p = 0.000 is found. This research is expected to indicate the importance of the role of parents as a key factor in creating a safe and supportive environment for PKS in children.

Enforcement of criminal law in animal protection in Indonesia is increasingly becoming an important concern in line with increasing public awareness regarding animal rights. Even though Indonesia has a number of laws and regulations that regulate the protection of animals, such as Law no. 18 of 2009 concerning Animal Husbandry and Animal Health, in reality violations of animal rights still often occur, both in the form of physical violence and animal exploitation. This research aims to examine the extent to which criminal law in Indonesia can provide effective protection for animals, as well as the obstacles faced in its implementation. The focus of this research includes analysis of existing legal regulations, including Law no. 41 of 2014 concerning Forestry, as well as an evaluation of the effectiveness of criminal law enforcement in tackling acts of violence against animals. The research method used is a qualitative approach with literature studies and legal analysis to dig deeper into how legal protection for animals is implemented in practice, as well as the obstacles faced by law enforcement officials. It is hoped that this research will provide insight into the importance of stricter and more effective law enforcement, as well as provide recommendations for improving animal protection through policy adjustments and increasing public awareness.

Victims of sexual harassment against people with disabilities experience severe consequences. In addition to being vulnerable to prejudice or discrimination, this minority group also has difficulty in accessing adequate legal protection. The purpose of this article is to examine the legal protection provided to people with disabilities who are targets of sexual harassment in society. The research method used is a normative literature review that examines relevant laws, regulations, and practices. According to this study, although there are legal instruments such as Law Number 8 of 2016 concerning Persons with Disabilities and Law Number 12 of 2022 concerning Criminal Acts of Sexual Violence (TPKS), there are still a number of obstacles in implementing these laws effectively, such as lack of public awareness, limited access to legal infrastructure, and social stigma against individuals with disabilities. The results of this study highlight the need to improve the capacity of law enforcement, build accessible facilities, and educate the community to create a safe and supportive environment for people with disabilities. This article offers suggestions on tactics to improve legal protection and achieve social justice for victims of sexual disclosure who have disabilities.

religious extremism often arises from a narrow understanding of religious teachings, which leads to hatred and violence. leading to hatred and violence. This article examines how the teaching ofradical love in the Gospel of Luke can be a solution to overcome religious extremism. religious extremism. Radical love in Luke teaches the importance of loving enemies, accepting unconditionally, and promoting peace. This teaching has three main functions: encouraging change in individuals and society, reducing tensions between groups, and replacing hatred with love.As such, Luke's radical love becomes a practical approach to create peace and reduce conflicts brought about by extremism in society.

This research will analyze social changes in the main character in the novel Berkisar Merah by Ahmad Tohari. The novel Berkisar Merah is an object in this research, a novel with a background of a woman’s struggle in her life and Javanese culture in modern society which presents a new idea about cultural and social reconstruction which gives birth to new views, attitudes and ideas regarding humanitarian issues. The struggle of the female characters in the novel Bekisar Merah appears in an effort to fight all manifestations of gender injustice, in the form of subordination, stereotypes and violence. The struggle carried out by Lasi’s character takes the form of arguments for the spirit of equality through the vision of his novel, rejection of violence against women’s sexuality, as well as arguments for the truth about the meaning of women and men. Through the resistance of the female characters in the novel, it can be seen that the problem of male domination over women stems from gender issues, not sex. The aim of this research is to examine social changes in the main character in the novel Berkisar Merah by Ahmad Tohari. This type of research is qualitative research. The data in this research are words that come from novel quotations, and the data source in this research is the novel Berkisar Merah by Ahmad Tohari. The data collection technique used in this research is reading and taking notes. Data analysis technique by classifying data including social changes in the main character in the novel Berkisar Merah by Ahmad Tohari, marking the words and making conclusions.  

Violence against children is any act against a child that results in physical, psychological, sexual, and/or neglect, misery or suffering, including threats to commit acts, coercion, or unlawful deprivation of liberty. Several factors contribute to violence against children, namely the personal factors of the perpetrator and victim of abuse, environmental conditions that support the perpetrator, and the culture they acquire. Blunt trauma (blunt force trauma) is a force injury caused by a blunt object on the surface of the body which results in injuries caused by objects that have a blunt surface such as stones, wood, hammers, fists and so on, which also includes falls from high places, traffic accidents and others. The results of the examination found bruises on the victim with a bluish color on the right upper leg with a length of four centimeters and a width of two point five centimeters, with a distance of nine centimeters above the knee and on the left upper leg on the front side with a length of four point five centimeters and a width of three. point five centimeters, with a distance of twelve centimeters above the knee.

Sexual harassment is a behavior with sexual connotations that is done without the consent of the intended person, including various forms such as physical, verbal, and non-verbal. In Indonesia, verbal sexual harassment such as catcalling is common but less recognized by society. Catcalling, which is often directed at women, is often considered trivial and not seen as a form of criminal offense. In fact, this act can have a serious psychological and emotional impact on the victim. Although there is still a lack of understanding about the Sexual Violence Law, it is hoped that this law can provide legal protection for victims. The Criminal Code (KUHP) also regulates crimes of decency, but non-physical sexual harassment has not been specifically regulated, making law enforcement difficult. The problem of lack of legal awareness and the lack of regulations related to verbal sexual harassment are the main obstacles in providing protection to victims. From the above problems, the formulation of the problem to be sought is how the implementation of the law against the perpetrators of catcalling and whether the criminal law in Indonesia has been good enough in dealing with the criminal act of catcalling as a form of sexual harassment. This research was conducted using qualitative methods and inductive research, and research using deductive methods, and using an empirical juridical approach.

Domestic violence (DV) is a phenomenon that significantly impacts the physical, psychological, and spiritual well-being of victims. This study aims to explore the role of pastoral counseling in assisting victims of domestic violence, specifically a woman named Ibu Butet, who experienced physical and psychological abuse from her husband and her husband’s family. A qualitative approach with a case study method was used to delve into Ibu Butet's experiences through empathetic pastoral interviews rooted in Christian spirituality. The pastoral care process focused on inner healing, discovering life’s meaning, and strengthening faith as a source of hope.The findings show that pastoral counseling provides a safe space for victims to express their emotional wounds, overcome trauma, and find new strength through spiritual reflection and prayer. In this context, the role of pastors or counselors as compassionate listeners embodying Christ’s love is crucial to the healing process. The study concludes that pastoral counseling not only helps victims cope with their suffering but also guides them to find renewed hope and purpose in life amidst difficult circumstances.

students do collaborative learning about the behavior of School Bullying. This activity is carried out at SDN Sawah III, South Tangerang City. This writer uses dyad network theory. The method used is the Shared Learning Method by carrying out activities in the form of counseling, which are packaged in the form of interactive discussions, games and quizzes. with the aim of increasing knowledge and preventing bullying behavior. Bullying is a form of violence or rescue that is done intentionally by one person or group.

The purpose of writing this thesis is to find out about the Judge's considerations in issuing a Niet Ontvankelijk Verklaard (NO) verdict on domestic violence cases in military courts and to find out how the verdict should be issued on domestic violence cases in military courts. The type of research used is normative legal research because in this study the author focuses on the inconsistency between the expected conditions that have been regulated in the law and the reality that actually occurs, where this study uses a legislative approach, a case approach, and a conceptual approach. The conclusion of this study is that the Judge's consideration in issuing a Niet Ontvankelijk Verklaard (NO) verdict on domestic violence cases in military courts is because the victim has withdrawn her complaint before the main case examination, even though the withdrawal of the complaint violates Article 75 of the Criminal Code, the Judge still grants the request because the Judge uses the Supreme Court Decision Number 2238 K / Pid.Sus / 2013 dated March 5, 2014 and the Supreme Court Decision Number 1600-K / Pid / 2009 and the Judge prioritizes the value of justice in resolving the case and uses the principles of fast, simple, and low-cost justice. Because the Niet Ontvankelijk Verklaard (NO) verdict is not known in criminal cases, in the author's opinion, ideally the Judge should issue a suspended sentence because the type of suspended sentence is also a type of punishment and is not at all an acquittal or deletion, while the existence of a probationary period that has been determined by the Judge aims to educate the perpetrator to be more careful and able to improve themselves

The phenomenon of Indonesian labor migration abroad is an important strategy for improving community welfare and contributing to national economic growth. Every year, thousands of Indonesian migrant workers (TKI) leave for various countries in hopes of finding better job opportunities. However, the reality they face often falls short of expectations, as many migrant workers experience discrimination, exploitation, and violence. Law Number 18 of 2017 on the Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers (UU PPMI) serves as a legal framework to provide comprehensive protection, yet its implementation still faces significant challenges. This research employs a normative legal method to analyze the effectiveness of UU PPMI in providing legal protection for migrant workers. The analysis reveals that structural, technical, and legal obstacles hinder the effectiveness of protection. Therefore, a comprehensive approach is needed, including strengthening institutions, enhancing human resource capacity, and fostering collaboration among government, private sector, and civil society. This study aims to contribute to improving the conditions of Indonesian migrant workers and promoting more effective protection.