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This research is motivated by the increasing role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in organizational transformation and the crucial function of leadership in ensuring its successful implementation. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between leadership, AI integration, and organizational performance, as well as to identify various challenges and supporting factors in the process. This study employs a systematic literature review (SLR) method by examining 30 relevant, reputable scientific articles from the Scopus and Google Scholar databases within the 2020–2026 timeframe through selection, evaluation, and thematic synthesis processes. The results indicate that AI integration significantly contributes to improving operational efficiency, data-driven decision-making quality, and organizational innovation. However, this success heavily depends on the role of adaptive, transformational, and digitally-oriented leadership capable of steering the technological vision. Conversely, major challenges were identified, such as employee resistance, limited digital competencies, and ethical issues surrounding data privacy. This study contributes to strengthening the conceptual understanding of leadership's role as a bridge between technology and organizational performance, while offering practical implications for management in designing effective, inclusive, and sustainable digital transformation strategies.

Empowering student health unit (UKS) cadres in the areas of eye health and entrepreneurship is crucial for preventing visual impairment and fostering a smart and productive generation. This activity aims to improve the quality of life and future of students through health education, eye health services used in learning, vision care, and entrepreneurship. The benefits of this educational activity include increased understanding of health, particularly regarding visual impairment and its management, preventing visual impairment, and enhancing entrepreneurial knowledge and skills. This community service activity utilizes a participatory educational method, prioritizing a needs-based approach for the target partners, namely junior high school students and, in particular, the UKS cadres. The activity was conducted in stages and divided into several main phases to ensure effective and sustainable transfer of knowledge and skills. The activity was conducted in several main sessions involving all 440 students in grades 7 and 8, including 27 UKS staff. The results of this community service program include increased knowledge of junior high school students about healthy vision, awareness of maintaining near and far vision within normal limits through healthy behaviors in using the sense of sight. Students' understanding of entrepreneurship from outside sources is also enhanced, as students have already received entrepreneurship lessons. However, information provided by outside sources will further strengthen and inspire them to create opportunities that align with their interests and talents. The skills of the Health Unit (UKS) cadres in conducting visual acuity checks independently and with peers are expected to be conducted periodically and routinely every three months, and incidentally if needed or if someone needs it due to complaints of decreased vision. The eye health and entrepreneurship education model can serve as a reference for other schools. It needs to be implemented continuously and in stages, in line with technological developments and the latest health policies.  

The phenomenon of hate speech on social media, particularly on platform X, has intensified alongside the increasing level of public interaction within open and largely unregulated digital spaces. This condition not only generates communicative conflicts but also shapes complex social experiences for individuals, particularly in relation to identity, emotion, and power relations. This study aims to gain an in-depth understanding of how hate speech is constructed, interpreted, and negotiated by users within the context of digital interaction. Employing a qualitative approach with a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) design, data were collected through in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, and digital document analysis involving 10–15 active users of platform X who have experienced hate speech. Data were analyzed thematically by identifying patterns of meaning emerging from participants’ experiences. The findings reveal three major themes: hate speech as a lingering yet normalized emotional experience; discourse as a site for the reproduction of power and identity delegitimization; and self-negotiation strategies employed by participants to survive within digital spaces. These findings indicate that hate speech operates not only at the linguistic level but also in shaping users’ social and psychological realities. Theoretically, this study reinforces Critical Discourse Analysis by emphasizing the importance of subjective experience in interpreting discursive practices. Practically, it contributes to the development of digital literacy, content moderation policies, and efforts to create more inclusive and reflective communication spaces in the digital era.

This study aims to examine the application of a modified direct learning strategy combined with the demonstration method to improve students' cognitive abilities. The direct learning strategy is an approach that emphasizes the systematic and gradual delivery of material, so that students can understand concepts in a more structured manner. However, in practice, this strategy needs to be modified to be more engaging and appropriate to the characteristics of students. The demonstration method is used as a form of reinforcement in the learning process, where students not only receive information verbally but also directly observe the processes, events, or concepts being studied. This allows students to gain a more concrete and meaningful learning experience. Modifications to the learning strategy are carried out through adjustments to models, methods, media, and learning facilities and infrastructure to optimally support the achievement of learning objectives. Students' cognitive abilities are the main focus of this study, which include aspects of knowledge, understanding, application, analysis, evaluation, and creation according to Bloom's taxonomy. With the implementation of appropriate learning strategies, students are expected to be able to develop more active and critical thinking skills. The results of the study indicate that a modified direct learning strategy with the demonstration method has the potential to significantly improve students' cognitive abilities. Therefore, this approach can be used as an alternative, effective learning strategy to create a more interactive, engaging, and meaningful learning process.

This study explores the relationship between service quality dimensions and customer loyalty in high-contact service industries, including healthcare, hospitality, and financial services, particularly in emerging markets. Using the SERVQUAL model, which identifies five key dimensions tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy the research examines how these dimensions influence customer loyalty. A quantitative research design is employed, with data collected through a cross-sectional survey of 400 respondents using a structured questionnaire. The study analyzes service quality, customer satisfaction, and loyalty using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), regression analysis, and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Findings reveal that reliability and empathy are the most influential factors in fostering loyalty, with customer satisfaction acting as a mediator. Additionally, the research highlights the role of perceived value and customer experience in moderating these effects, particularly in sectors like healthcare and hospitality. The study extends the SERVQUAL model by integrating new dimensions such as customer experience and perceived value, offering a more comprehensive framework for understanding service quality in high-contact industries. These insights provide actionable recommendations for service managers to enhance customer loyalty by addressing both functional and emotional aspects of service quality

The management of medicines and Medical Consumables (MCs) plays a crucial role in improving the quality of pharmaceutical services in hospitals. Common problems include stock imbalances, such as shortages and overstocking, which negatively affect service efficiency, increase operational costs, and raise the risk of product expiration. These issues are often caused by inadequate planning that is not based on consumption data, as well as limited knowledge of pharmacy personnel in applying appropriate inventory control methods.This community service activity aimed to improve the knowledge and skills of pharmacy staff in managing inventory using fast moving and slow moving methods based on real hospital data. The implementation method consisted of education, training, and hands-on mentoring conducted in several stages. The activity began with the analysis of medicine and medical consumables usage data from January to December 2025 at Labuang Baji Regional General Hospital, followed by training on pharmaceutical logistics management, and continued with practical exercises on classification and inventory control. Evaluation was carried out through discussions, case studies, and observation of participants’ ability to apply the methods.The results showed that 50.7% of medicines and 52.4% of medical consumables were categorized as fast moving, while the remaining items were classified as slow moving. After the intervention, there was a significant improvement in participants’ understanding of inventory classification, stock turnover analysis, and data-based planning. Participants were also able to identify items at risk of stock-outs and overstocking, enabling more appropriate control measures.This activity had a positive impact on the efficiency of pharmaceutical inventory management, reduced the risk of stock-outs and overstocking, and supported the improvement of healthcare service quality. Therefore, the fast moving and slow moving methods can be considered effective and applicable approaches for data-driven pharmaceutical inventory management in hospital settings

Environmental cleanliness is an important aspect in supporting the quality of life of the community, one of which is influenced by the availability of adequate waste management facilities. The problem faced by the community in Lewolaga Village, East Flores Regency is the limited waste disposal facilities so that the habit of littering still often occurs. This activity aims to provide trash bins and increase public awareness in maintaining environmental cleanliness. The implementation method includes the stages of observation, planning, implementation, socialization and handover. The activity took place in April 2026 with the local community. The results of the activity show that the presence of trash bins makes it easier for the community to manage waste and contributes to improving environmental cleanliness. In addition, counseling regarding the sorting of organic and non-organic waste can increase understanding and shape community behavior to be more orderly in disposing of waste. Overall, this program has a positive impact in creating a clean and healthy environment.

In multilingual English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms, students often draw on multiple linguistic resources to support comprehension and interaction during collaborative learning activities. However, translanguaging practices within structured cooperative learning techniques, such as the Jigsaw method, remain underexplored in Indonesian higher education contexts. This study investigates how students employ translanguaging during Jigsaw-based collaborative activities and how they perceive its role in supporting their participation and understanding in an Indonesian EFL classroom. The study adopted a qualitative classroom-based case study design conducted at a pesantren-based university in East Java, Indonesia. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with five fifth-semester students who participated in Jigsaw learning activities across different English-related courses. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify patterns in students’ language practices and perceptions. The findings reveal that translanguaging played several important roles in facilitating collaborative learning. First, students used translanguaging to clarify complex concepts and ensure shared understanding during group discussions. Second, translanguaging functioned as peer scaffolding, enabling students to assist classmates by explaining ideas and translating unfamiliar terms. Third, the flexible use of multiple languages helped reduce anxiety and encouraged more active participation in group interaction. Finally, students expressed positive perceptions toward translanguaging, viewing it as a helpful strategy that supported comprehension while still maintaining the importance of English for academic communication. These findings suggest that integrating translanguaging into cooperative learning strategies such as the Jigsaw technique can create more inclusive and interactive learning environments in multilingual EFL classrooms.

Online gambling has become an important phenomenon in today's society, influencing various aspects of social and cultural life. This research aims to explore the impact of online gambling on the formation of global identity and the changes occurring within modern society. Using a descriptive qualitative method, data were collected through interviews with five students in Tanjung Pinang. The findings indicate that online gambling not only alters the way people interact but also leads to shifts in social values, evident in the rise of consumerist and individualistic culture. While there are negative effects, such as addiction and a decline in the quality of social relationships, online gambling also presents opportunities in the digital economy. This study recommends the need for better regulation and educational programs to raise public awareness about the risks associated with online gambling, as well as to leverage its potential benefits. Thus, this research is expected to provide a deeper understanding of the role of online gambling in shaping global identity and the dynamics of modern society.

This community service activity aimed to strengthen the branding and improve the digital marketing capacity of the Tape Ketan MSME in Mondoteko Village through the utilization of social media and packaging innovation. The business partner faced several major problems, including weak business visual identity, limited use of social media as a promotional tool, and simple product packaging designs that were less attractive to consumers. These conditions resulted in low product appeal and limited marketing reach. The implementation method used a participatory approach through direct assistance to business owners. The activity stages included initial observation, identification of partner needs, design of promotional banners, creation and optimization of social media accounts, and redesign of product packaging to make it more modern, informative, and marketable. In addition, MSME owners were educated about the importance of branding, digital marketing strategies, and consistency in building a business image. The results showed an increase in the understanding and skills of MSME owners in utilizing digital media for promotion. Product packaging became more attractive and professional, while the use of social media became more active and organized. These improvements had a positive impact on increasing consumer interest, expanding market reach, and enhancing the competitiveness of MSMEs in a sustainable manner.

Children with intellectual disabilities experience limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive abilities, which impact their independence in daily activities, including buttoning clothes. This skill requires fine motor coordination, concentration, and a proper understanding of task sequences. This case study aims to determine the effectiveness of button board play therapy in improving fine motor skills in children with intellectual disabilities. The method used was descriptive with a case study approach involving two children with moderate intellectual disabilities aged 8 and 9 years at SLB Bhakti Luhur Maumere. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The intervention consisted of button board play therapy conducted for 6 days, with a duration of 15–30 minutes per day, implemented gradually and repeatedly. The results showed that before the intervention, both children were unable to button their clothes independently. After the intervention, there was an improvement in their ability, as the children began to button some buttons (2–3 buttons) with better motor coordination, although they still required assistance and supervision. In conclusion, button board play therapy is effective in gradually improving fine motor skills and independence in children with intellectual disabilities. It is recommended that the intervention be carried out consistently and involve parents to achieve optimal results.

Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) play an important role in supporting the community’s economy; however, they still face various limitations in business management, particularly in product packaging and digital marketing. This community service activity aims to enhance the capacity of MSME actors in optimizing product packaging design and utilizing digital marketing in Pattallassang District, Gowa Regency. The activity was conducted in February 2026 and involved 8 home-based business actors as participants. The methods used included socialization, training, and participatory-based mentoring, which began with a pre-test to measure the participants’ initial level of understanding. The materials provided covered product packaging design, label or logo creation, and the use of social media and marketplaces in digital marketing. The results showed an improvement in participants’ knowledge and skills in designing more attractive product packaging and utilizing digital platforms as marketing tools. Participants also began to understand the importance of branding and marketing strategies in increasing product competitiveness. Overall, this activity had a positive impact on improving the capacity of MSME actors in terms of knowledge, skills, and attitudes in managing their businesses. This activity is expected to be an initial step in encouraging MSME actors to be more adaptive to technological developments and able to compete in a broader market.

. Malnutrition rates among children remain quite high, according to 2024 national statistics, which indicate that good eating habits in accordance with balanced nutritional needs are not yet ideal. Children's eating habits, dietary diversity, and parental understanding all impact their nutritional status. To promote optimal growth and development in children, it is crucial to monitor and establish appropriate eating habits from an early age. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between eating habits and nutritional status of preschool-aged children. This study used a cross-sectional analytical design and quantitative methodology. Purposeful sampling was used to select a sample of 33 children from the 50 children in the study population. The study was conducted between September 22 and October 1, 2025. A Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to examine dietary patterns, while nutritional status was measured through weighing using a digital scale. Based on the findings, 22 children (66.7%) had a healthy diet, while 11 children (33.3%) had a poor diet. The Chi-Square statistical test showed a p value of 0.008 (p < 0.05), indicating a relationship between eating habits and nutritional status in preschool children at Taman Annisa Miruek Kindergarten, Aceh Besar Regency. According to balanced nutrition guidelines, parents should regularly assess their children's growth and focus more on the diversity and balance of their food intake. To improve children's nutritional status as much as possible, schools are required to collaborate with health workers to educate parents and children about nutrition.

This community service activity was conducted in Cileles Village and targeted catfish farming groups. The activity was motivated by the low level of basic accounting literacy and the limited use of digital marketing in managing catfish farming businesses, which hindered business development and market expansion. The objective of this community service program was to improve the community’s capacity in financial management through the application of basic accounting and the introduction of digital marketing as a promotional medium for catfish products. The program applied a participatory approach consisting of socialization, training in basic accounting and digital marketing, practical exercises and simulations, as well as mentoring and evaluation activities. The results demonstrated an improvement in participants’ understanding of financial record keeping, production cost calculation, and the preparation of simple profit and loss reports. In addition, participants began utilizing digital media as a marketing strategy to expand product promotion and reach broader markets. This activity positively contributed to strengthening managerial and marketing capacities among catfish farming business actors and supported the sustainability and development of community-based businesses in rural areas.

Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) play an important role in supporting the community’s economy; however, they still face various limitations in business management, particularly in product packaging and digital marketing. This community service activity aims to enhance the capacity of MSME actors in optimizing product packaging design and utilizing digital marketing in Pattallassang District, Gowa Regency. The activity was conducted in February 2026 and involved 8 home-based business actors as participants. The methods used included socialization, training, and participatory-based mentoring, which began with a pre-test to measure the participants’ initial level of understanding. The materials provided covered product packaging design, label or logo creation, and the use of social media and marketplaces in digital marketing. The results showed an improvement in participants’ knowledge and skills in designing more attractive product packaging and utilizing digital platforms as marketing tools. Participants also began to understand the importance of branding and marketing strategies in increasing product competitiveness. Overall, this activity had a positive impact on improving the capacity of MSME actors in terms of knowledge, skills, and attitudes in managing their businesses. This activity is expected to be an initial step in encouraging MSME actors to be more adaptive to technological developments and able to compete in a broader market.

The crisis of authority in global culture is a complex phenomenon reflecting a fundamental shift in how humans understand truth, values, and the sources of legitimacy of knowledge. This research focuses on the dynamics of epistemological change in global society influenced by digital technology, cultural relativism, and value pluralism. The main issue studied is how this crisis of authority influences the construction of truth and value systems in contemporary society, as well as its implications for social and spiritual life. The aim of this research is to develop an interdisciplinary analysis that integrates perspectives from philosophy, sociology, theology, and media studies in understanding this phenomenon. The method used is a qualitative approach based on systematic literature studies with a critical analysis of recent academic sources. The main findings indicate that the crisis of authority is characterized not only by the weakening of traditional institutions but also by the emergence of "alternative authorities" based on algorithms, public opinion, and subjective experience. This results in the fragmentation of truth, the relativization of values, and a crisis of epistemological legitimacy. The synthesis of this research confirms that the reconstruction of authority requires an integrative approach that combines rationality, ethics, and spiritual dimensions. In conclusion, the crisis of authority in global culture is not merely a challenge, but rather an opportunity to build a new epistemological paradigm that is more holistic, reflective, and rooted in transcendent values.  

This community service program is an international initiative aimed at increasing public awareness of the importance of language politeness in environmental campaigns, particularly in efforts to reduce plastic waste. The program was carried out through collaboration between Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar, Politeknik Besut Terengganu Malaysia, and the Geng Plastik Ija Terengganu community. The activities were conducted at Bukit Keluang Beach using a participatory approach that actively involved community members in the planning, implementation, and evaluation stages of the program. The activities included training on polite communication, simulations of persuasive language use in environmental campaigns, and direct practice of plastic waste reduction campaigns for the surrounding community. Through these activities, participants gained a better understanding of the importance of using polite and effective language in delivering environmental messages to society. The results showed an improvement in participants’ communication skills in environmental advocacy, increased public awareness regarding plastic waste reduction, and greater community participation in maintaining environmental cleanliness. Furthermore, this international collaboration also strengthened cross-cultural communication competencies and institutional cooperation in implementing community service activities oriented toward environmental sustainability.

Digital literacy is an essential competency in the era of digital transformation because it involves not only technical skills but also the ability to critically understand information in cyberspace. A good level of digital literacy can encourage community participation in public decision-making and democratic processes, while inequality in access and digital literacy skills may hinder such participation. Therefore, this community service activity aims to improve digital literacy in order to overcome challenges and strengthen inclusive community participation. The activity targeted children and adolescents in Waihoka Village, Ambon City, with 31 participants involved in socialization and educational sessions. Evaluations were conducted before and after the presentation of the material, and the results showed an increase in participants’ understanding of digital literacy from early childhood to adolescence. Thus, communities with adequate digital literacy are expected to be more capable of accessing information, interacting appropriately in digital spaces, and actively participating in public decision-making processes and social activities in the digital era.

This study aims to explore the subjective experiences of individuals in relationships with partners with Avoidant Personality Disorder (AvPD) tendencies through a qualitative approach. AvPD is characterized by a pattern of feelings of inadequacy, high sensitivity to rejection, and a tendency to avoid intense social interactions, including intimate relationships. The research method used a phenomenological design with in-depth interviews with three participants who had experience in romantic relationships with individuals with AvPD symptoms. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis techniques to identify emerging patterns of experience. The results showed that individuals in these relationships often experience complex emotional dynamics, such as confusion, frustration, and feelings of emotional unfulfillment. Participants expressed difficulties in building emotional closeness because their partners tended to maintain distance, avoid conflict, and have an excessive fear of rejection. On the other hand, participants also showed high empathy and attempted to understand their partners' psychological conditions, although this often resulted in emotional exhaustion. This study highlights the importance of psychological understanding, effective communication, and professional support in maintaining relationships with individuals with AvPD tendencies. These findings are expected to contribute to the development of psychological interventions and increase awareness of the dynamics of interpersonal relationships involving personality disorders.

This study aims to critically analyze bioethanol production from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) based on previous research findings and to develop a project-based learning design for SMA/SMK students. This study employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method by analyzing relevant scientific articles published in the last five years. Data were collected through documentation and analyzed using descriptive qualitative techniques, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that bioethanol production efficiency is strongly influenced by pretreatment methods, fermentation conditions, and process control, with yields generally categorized as low to moderate. Previous studies also reveal that project-based learning significantly enhances students’ conceptual understanding and critical thinking skills. Based on the synthesis of these findings, this study proposes a structured project-based learning design that integrates bioethanol production as a contextual learning medium. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of aligning technical feasibility, educational objectives, and sustainability principles in developing science-based learning projects in secondary education.