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This study investigates the strategic use of language in social media political campaigns, with particular emphasis on its impact on audience engagement and public discourse transformation. Through a comprehensive theoretical framework incorporating the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, Elaboration Likelihood Model, Critical Discourse Analysis, and Framing Theory, the research examines complex linguistic patterns, sentiment variations, and framing strategies across 10,000 campaign posts from major social media platforms. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining computational linguistics analysis with qualitative discourse examination. Using natural language processing tools and manual coding, researchers analyzed linguistic features including lexical choice, syntactic structures, metaphorical expressions, and rhetorical devices. Results reveal sophisticated patterns of deliberate linguistic manipulation designed to evoke specific emotional responses (72% of posts), reinforce political ideologies (65%), and adapt to temporal and platform-specific contexts (83%). The findings demonstrate that campaign language strategically evolves across different platforms, with Twitter showing more aggressive rhetoric (58%) compared to Facebook (31%) and Instagram (27%). Additionally, temporal analysis reveals significant shifts in linguistic strategies during critical campaign periods, with increased emotional language use during key political events (92% correlation). This research contributes to our understanding of digital political communication and offers practical insights for analyzing social media campaign strategies.

This study examines code-switching practices in Asian professional workplaces, with a specific focus on its linguistic and cultural dimensions. Through a multidisciplinary theoretical framework incorporating Communication Accommodation Theory and Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions, the research investigates how professionals strategically employ code-switching to foster workplace inclusivity, manage hierarchical relationships, and adapt to industry-specific communication demands. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, collecting data through semi-structured interviews with 50 professionals, online surveys (n=200), and 100 hours of workplace observations across various Asian business settings. Results indicate that code-switching serves multiple functions: enhancing communication clarity (87% of respondents), reflecting and reinforcing cultural norms (73%), and mitigating power imbalances in hierarchical structures (65%). The findings underscore code-switching's strategic role in navigating multicultural professional environments, offering practical insights into effective cross-cultural communication strategies and fostering of cohesive professional interactions in Asian workplaces. This research contributes to the growing body of literature on linguistic adaptation in professional contexts and provides practical implications for managing multilingual workplaces in Asia.

This study aims to describe and analyze: Accountability of budget management of the Maybrat district secretariat and inhibiting factors of accountability of the budget management of the Maybrat district regional secretariat. The research is a qualitative descriptive analysis. The data analysis technique uses a technique developed by McNabb (2002), namely Grouping the data according to key constructs, identifying bases for interpretation, developing generalizations from the data, Testing Alternative interpretations and Forming and/or refining generalizable theory from case study. The results of the study show that the Budget Preparation Procedure of the Maybrat Regency Regional Secretariat is carried out by a budget team that is prepared and implemented for a period of one year. The stages of the budget preparation system start from the guidelines of the SEKDA Work Plan that has been determined using the mixed preparation method (Top Down and Bottom Up). The evaluation process of planning the operational cost budget at the Maybrat Regency Regional Secretariat begins with an evaluation of the budget preparation process schedule guided by Permendagri No. 13 of 2006 and Permendagri No. 59 of 2007. The implementation and administration of the budget at the Maybrat Regency Regional Secretariat is carried out by the Treasurer of the Maybrat Regency Regional Secretariat through recording by the treasurer using general cash books, tax assistant cash books and bank books.  The evaluation of the budget financial statements refers to Permendagri No. 113 of 2014 where the Treasurer of the Maybrat Regency Regional Secretariat submits a report on the realization of the implementation of the Budget to the Regional Secretary in the form of a budget realization report.  Obstacles Faced in the Accountability of Budget Management of the Maybrat Regency Regional Secretariat include the Low Quality of Human Resources. In addition, the lack of information system facilities related to the financial reporting system is rarely updated or updated.

The advent of autonomous shipping is poised to revolutionize global maritime transport by enhancing efficiency, safety, and sustainability. This study investigates the current state and future prospects of autonomous vessels in the shipping industry. The primary objective is to analyze the technological advancements, regulatory challenges, and economic implications associated with the integration of autonomous ships. A mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative research, was employed, including a review of relevant literature and case studies of existing autonomous shipping projects. The findings reveal that while autonomous ships offer significant benefits such as reduced operational costs, lower emissions, and fewer human errors, there are challenges related to legal frameworks, cybersecurity, and public acceptance. The implications of this research highlight the need for international cooperation and the development of new regulations to support the widespread adoption of autonomous shipping technologies. This transformation could lead to a more efficient, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective global maritime transport system.

The growing environmental concerns and regulatory pressures on the shipping industry have prompted a shift towards the integration of green shipping technologies in managing international freight. This research investigates the adoption and effectiveness of these technologies, focusing on their role in reducing emissions, improving fuel efficiency, and enhancing the sustainability of global logistics. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative interviews with industry experts and quantitative analysis of freight operations data. The findings suggest that while green shipping technologies offer significant environmental benefits, their widespread adoption is hindered by high initial costs and regulatory complexities. Despite these challenges, the integration of sustainable practices in international freight management presents a promising pathway for achieving long-term environmental goals and improving industry competitiveness. The study highlights the need for collaborative efforts between shipping companies, policymakers, and stakeholders to overcome barriers and facilitate the adoption of green shipping technologies.

Bandung Regency, which is experiencing overcapacity in landfills, has implemented a waste management solution involving the separation of organic and inorganic waste. Inorganic waste, which is notoriously difficult to decompose, has prompted the Bandung Regency government to adopt a community-focused approach to waste management, establishing waste banks in school-age communities. However, the project has encountered challenges, as evidenced by the fact that some schools have implemented waste banks but have not been actively engaged in their operations. This has led to the project's suboptimal implementation in Bandung Regency schools.The objective of this study is to identify the challenges associated with the inactivity of waste banks in Bandung Regency schools, as perceived by students and administrators.The study utilises the triple drivers of ecopreneurship, focusing on the economic, social, and environmental benefits of school waste banks. This research employs a mixed methods approach, utilising both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. The quantitative approach involves the administration of surveys to students, followed by data processing using descriptive statistics. The qualitative method involves conducting interviews with administrators, and the data is processed using the Miles and Huberman model. The findings of the research indicate that the implementation of a waste bank for the management of inorganic waste in a school environment is positively received by the school, despite the presence of obstacles related to waste collection sites, socialisation among students, and differences between administrators and students regarding the most significant focus or choice for implementing waste banks in schools.It is anticipated that the research results will contribute to the understanding of inorganic waste management in waste banks that are less active in the school environment. The study thus recommends further research in schools that are routine or active in waste bank implementation activities, with a view to describing overall information about the implementation of school waste banks, especially in schools in Bandung Regency with school waste bank projects.

With the existence of SMK Negeri 1 Tanjung Morawa, it is expected to contribute to educating the nation's children in the Tanjung Morawa District, Deli Serdang Regency. This research employs a Mixed Methods Research approach, which combines quantitative and qualitative methods, analyzing the graduates of SMK Negeri 1 Tanjung Morawa Vocational School and the needs of the global industry. Soft skills education is essentially a reflection of an individual's personality characteristics. It is important for students to apply soft skills such as motivation, respect for others, teamwork, self-discipline, self-confidence, work ethic, adherence to common norms, communication skills (both verbal and written), leadership, creativity, ambition, responsibility, and adaptability.

This study aimed to measure the impact of an educational program on developing emotional intelligence skills among fifth-grade primary school students in several mixed-gender schools in Baghdad. The research adopted the experimental scientific method, utilizing a pre-test and post-test design for two groups. The sample was randomly selected from a research population of 150 students, with 100 students chosen as the study sample. These students were divided into two equal groups: a control group (50 students) and an experimental group (50 students). The educational program was designed based on free dialogue, storytelling, as well as games and activities that help children understand and develop emotional intelligence skills in a smooth and constructive manner. The program was implemented over a period of 12 weeks, from March 1, 2024, to June 1, 2024, exclusively for the experimental group. Daniel Goleman’s 2002 emotional intelligence model was used as a measurement tool, as it is suitable for the age group of the study sample. The results indicated statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups in the pre-test and post-test, demonstrating the clear impact of the program on the experimental group. Additionally, the results showed no statistically significant differences between male and female students within the experimental group. The researcher recommends adopting the program in primary schools and suggests organizing training courses for primary school teachers on intelligence development in children. Furthermore, the researcher proposes integrating intelligence development into teacher guides and increasing activities that focus on enhancing cognitive abilities.

This study explores the role of faith-based environmental programs in fostering youth engagement in biodiversity protection. As global biodiversity continues to decline, there is an increasing recognition of the importance of engaging young people in conservation efforts. Faith-based organizations (FBOs) have the potential to play a significant role in this effort, leveraging religious teachings and values to inspire environmental stewardship. The study uses a mixed-methods approach, including surveys, focus group discussions, and case studies, to examine how faith-based programs influence youth involvement in activities such as community gardens, reforestation efforts, and species protection projects. The findings suggest that faith-based programs are effective in nurturing long-term engagement in biodiversity protection by instilling values of responsibility and stewardship. Spiritual motivations, community support, and educational mentorship emerge as key factors contributing to sustained youth participation in conservation initiatives. However, challenges such as limited resources, generational differences in ecological engagement, and the integration of doctrinal teachings with scientific conservation practices are identified. The study concludes that faith-based environmental programs can expand their impact by integrating environmental education into their existing frameworks, fostering partnerships with environmental organizations, and creating inclusive platforms for all youth groups. Further research is needed to explore the long-term impact of faith-based programs on youth engagement and biodiversity protection, and to identify strategies for optimizing these programs for greater effectiveness.  

The Industrial Revolution 4.0 has drastically changed the global employment landscape, necessitating the comprehensive development of 21st-century skills in education systems. This study examines how private high schools in Indonesia implement 21st-century skills, focusing on the barriers faced, the strategies used, and their impact on student learning outcomes. We used a mixed-methods approach involving 200 students, 25 teachers, and 10 principals from five private high schools in Java. Data were collected through surveys, semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results revealed four main barriers: limited teacher preparedness, limited resources, difficulties in assessment, and resistance to changes in teaching methods. Effective strategies implemented included ongoing professional development programs, integrating learning technology, project-based learning, and strengthening teacher collaboration. Our findings demonstrate significant improvements in students' critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and communication skills in schools implementing the comprehensive strategy. This research provides theoretical contributions to understanding the implementation context in developing countries while offering practical implications for policy makers, school administrators, and educators in designing contextual and sustainable 21st-century skills development programs.

Beyond Use Date or BUD is the time limit for a non-sterile or sterile mixed preparation not to be stored and used, calculated from the date or time of compounding. BUD indicates the time limit for the preparation to be in a stable state so it is very necessary to determine the BUD time. This article aims to review BUD information on 20 types of injection preparations in one of the Bandung City Hospitals conducted in 2024 using information collection methods from various sources such as related drug brochures, LexiDrug, and Drug Information Handbook. The results of the study of 13 therapeutic classes with 20 types of injection preparations show that each sterile preparation has different characteristics (active substance, solvent, dosage form and its components, duration of therapy, and storage), thus affecting the stability after reconstitution of each preparation, both those determined by each pharmaceutical industry and information obtained from LexiDrug and Drug Information Handbook. The results of this study can be used as a reference in making more applicable guidelines in determining the BUD of injection preparations in one of the Bandung City Hospitals.

The learning of Javanese script at SDN Denanyar 1 faces significant challenges, particularly in mastering sandhangan swara. Students struggle to understand the material due to the complexity of Javanese script and the use of traditional teaching methods that are less engaging. Therefore, innovation in teaching methods is needed by implementing a flipped classroom model that utilizes instructional videos. The aim of this study is to examine the implementation of the video-based flipped classroom model and assess its effectiveness in improving the ability to write sandhangan swara in Javanese script among fourth-grade students at SDN Denanyar 1. This research uses a mixed-method approach with a one-group pretest-posttest pre-experimental design. The research stages include observation, interviews, pretest, implementation of the flipped classroom model, and posttest. The study sample consists of 30 fourth-grade students. The results indicate a significant improvement in student learning outcomes, with an average pretest score of 54% and a posttest score of 75%. Additionally, students became more motivated and proactive during the learning process, while teachers successfully created a more innovative learning environment. The conclusion of this study is that the flipped classroom model using instructional videos is effective in enhancing students' ability to write sandhangan swara in Javanese script and makes learning more interactive and enjoyable.

Integrating modern leadership approaches with local wisdom remains a challenge in enhancing the quality of education in Indonesian higher education institutions. This study examines the impact of integrating instructional leadership with ethnopedagogy based on the Dalihan Na Tolu philosophy on learning quality at Graha Nusantara University. Using a mixed-method approach with a sequential explanatory design, the study involved 50 lecturers selected through systematic random sampling and 100 students. Data were collected through validated questionnaires (validity coefficients ranging from 0.72 to 0.89; reliability with Cronbach's Alpha of 0.88), in-depth interviews, and participatory observations. The findings reveal that instructional leadership independently accounts for 67 percent of the variation in learning quality (coefficient of determination, R-squared = 0.670, with p < 0.001), with key determinants being guidance (correlation coefficient = 0.820) and vision-mission communication (correlation coefficient = 0.790). Ethnopedagogical leadership contributes significantly through the values of Somba Marhula-hula (regression coefficient = 0.45), Manat Mardongan Tubu (regression coefficient = 0.41), and Elek Marboru (regression coefficient = 0.38). The integration of these approaches produces significant synergistic effects (R-squared = 0.830), resulting in a 70 percent increase in active interaction, a 68 percent improvement in the effectiveness of learning strategies, and a 66 percent boost in productivity. This study contributes to developing an integrated leadership model that combines modern values with local wisdom. It also provides practical implications for designing training programs and implementing dual-approach monitoring systems in higher education institutions.

This research aims to investigate the relationship between conflict management strategies and team performance in the Khas Hotel industry. Against the backdrop of the unique team dynamics and potential for conflict in the hospitality environment, this research focuses on deeper understanding to improve the effectiveness of conflict management and team performance. The research method used is a mixed approach, combining quantitative and qualitative analysis. Through surveys and interviews with hotel managers and staff, data was collected and analyzed to identify patterns and relationships between the variables studied. The research findings indicate an influence between implemented conflict management strategies and team performance, with important implications for practitioners in the hospitality industry in improving human resource management and team productivity.

The maritime sector is critical for global trade and economic development, yet challenges in workforce development persist, particularly in tanker operations handling dry bulk cargo like agricultural products. This research investigates the interplay between recruitment strategies, crew competencies, and ship operational performance, with a focus on PT Sillo Maritime Perdana Tbk, a key player in Indonesia’s offshore shipping sector. Addressing gaps in aligning workforce development with industry demands, this study explores the effectiveness of recruitment practices and competency development within the operational context of this organization. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of recruitment strategies and crew work competencies, individually and collectively, on improving operational performance at PT Sillo Maritime Perdana Tbk. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research employed Statistical Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze quantitative data from 117 participants and conducted thematic analysis of qualitative insights from experts, lecturers, graduates, and head workers. The results revealed that recruitment strategies and crew competencies significantly contribute to operational performance, with a combined positive effect observed. Structured recruitment and ongoing skill development tailored to industry demands were identified as critical. The findings also highlighted the transformative role of educational technology in bridging the gap between academic training and operational realities. The study provides actionable insights for PT Sillo Maritime Perdana Tbk and similar organizations, emphasizing the need for collaborative efforts to enhance workforce readiness, operational efficiency, and sustainability in maritime activities.

Hospitals worldwide are increasingly concerned about the performance of outpatient services, which contribute significantly to their revenue and are projected to surpass inpatient services in importance. As the demand for medical care continues to grow, outpatient services could generate even greater financial returns for hospitals. This study aims to evaluate patient service wait times at Stella Maris Hospital Makassar's outpatient department using the lean methodology. A mixed-methods approach was employed, involving the measurement of wait times for 100 patients and interviews with eight informants, including the head of the outpatient department (1 person), admission officers (3 individuals), the hospital director (1 person), and nurses (3 individuals). The interview data were analyzed through processes of data reduction, visualization, and conclusion formulation. A patient care process flowchart was created to assess data quality. Findings indicate the absence of an integrated hospital information system (SIMRS), leading to issues such as long queues at the pick-up counter, delays in doctor availability, and inefficiencies in order processing. Recommendations include integrating SIMRS across the hospital, implementing system improvements, and quantifying outcomes for effective decision-making.  

This study discusses the development of bullying prevention policy instruments as an effort to create Child-Friendly Schools in Surabaya City. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation. Informants in the study from the head of the Middle School student work team of the Surabaya City Education Office, the Head of the Women and Children Protection Division of the Women's Empowerment and Child Protection Office and Population Control and Family Planning of Surabaya City, the violence prevention and response team at SMPN 61 Surabaya, the violence prevention and response team at SMP Islam Shafta Surabaya, the violence prevention and response team at SMP Wijaya Putra Surabaya. Analysis of the development of bullying prevention policy instruments as an effort to create Child-Friendly Schools in Surabaya City uses the Howlett and Ramesh theory with 3 instruments, namely: (1) mandatory instruments (2) voluntary instruments and (3) mixed instruments. According to the Regulation of the Minister of State for Women's Empowerment and Child Protection of the Republic of Indonesia Number 8 of 2014 concerning Child-Friendly School Policies at SMPN 61 Surabaya, SMP Islam Shafta, and SMP Wijaya Putra, 6 indicators have been implemented in creating Child-Friendly Schools. But there is still something lacking. And of the 3 schools, the most complete in implementing Child-Friendly Schools is SMPN 61 Surabaya. So other schools also need to follow the example of SMPN 61 Surabaya.

This research investigates the relationship between public service motivation (PSM) and employee performance (EP) within public sector organizations. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the study analyzes quantitative data from employee surveys and qualitative insights from interviews with public sector employees. The findings reveal a significant positive correlation between PSM and EP, indicating that employees who are motivated by a desire to serve the public tend to exhibit higher performance levels. Additionally, the research identifies key factors that enhance this relationship, including organizational support, leadership styles, and job design. The study highlights the importance of fostering a motivating work environment to improve employee performance in the public sector. Based on these findings, recommendations for future research and practical implications for public sector management are provided, emphasizing the need for targeted training programs and employee engagement strategies. This research contributes to the understanding of how intrinsic motivations can drive performance outcomes in public service settings.

Pig farming is crucial in local economies and food security, providing a vital protein source and economic opportunities. In Samarinda City, East Kalimantan, the sector demonstrates significant potential due to abundant natural resources and rising market demand, contributing 15% of the province’s pork production in 2024. This study examines strategies for developing pig farming businesses in Samarinda City using a mixed-methods approach, integrating descriptive and analytical methods. Data were collected through surveys and interviews with 50 respondents, including farmers, traders, and policymakers, complemented by secondary data from government agencies. Analytical tools such as SWOT, Location Quotient (LQ), and multiple regression were employed. The findings reveal that Samarinda Utara and Palaran have the highest specialization in pig farming, with LQ values of 1.8 and 1.7, supported by ample land and feed resources. Key drivers of farmer income include production scale and policy support, while high feed costs, comprising up to 70% of production expenses, remain a significant challenge. Recommendations include diversifying pork-based products, adopting modern technologies, strengthening policies, and improving distribution infrastructure. This research provides actionable insights to enhance the sustainability and competitiveness of pig farming, contributing to regional economic development and agricultural resilience.

In this study, we explore how the tax judiciary can reduce tax evasion and promote compliance in different legal and economic environments. Utilizing qualitative and quantitative analysis in a mixed-methods effort, the article explores the varied judicial contexts, resolutions, and the implications on how taxpayers behave. These findings underscore the important role that judicial interventions play in raising compliance rates, with comparative lessons from Iraq, Germany, and the United States. Although efficient mechanisms for judiciary review exhibit a strong link to improved compliance, low public awareness, resource constraints, and procedural delays have affected optimal performance in the Global South. Key Takeaway: The study emphasizes the need for enhancing technology integration and improving coordination between judicial systems and tax authorities to enable fair enforcement and efficient resolution of disputes. They enhance the literature on tax governance by providing empirical recommendations for increasing judicial efficiency and fundamentals in light of contemporary challenges associated with globalization and digitalization. Potential areas of future research include the use of advanced technologies in changing tax judiciary practices, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain.