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This article examines the dynamics, challenges, and opportunities in implementing the merit system policy within the context of Indonesia’s bureaucratic reform, employing a narrative literature review approach using a triangulation of scholarly sources. Thematic analysis identifies five critical themes that hinder the implementation of the merit system: structural tensions between political patronage and meritocracy that create a hybrid spoils–merit system; significant institutional capacity gaps between central and local governments; digital transformation through platforms such as CAT, SmartASN, and SIPINTER as catalysts for transparency and objectivity; organizational cultural resistance rooted in patrimonial and seniority values; and the weakening of independent oversight exacerbated by the dissolution of KASN’s mandate. Although a progressive regulatory framework has been established through Law No. 5 of 2014, the implementation of the merit system remains constrained by persistent clientelism, limited institutional capacity, and cultural resistance. This study contributes to the theoretical discourse on Weberian bureaucracy, New Public Management, and good governance by confirming that the implementation of the merit system in developing countries constitutes a political–cultural transformation that requires fundamental changes in political incentive structures, institutional capacity, and organisational values. Managerial implications include strengthening independent oversight, making substantial investments in institutional capacity, accelerating inclusive digital transformation, and implementing systematic change management programs to expedite the transition toward a performance-based bureaucracy that is professional and integrity-driven in support of Indonesia’s Golden Vision 2045

Community Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have an important role in advancing the Indonesian economy. One of them is MSME UD. NATURAL FOOD which operates in the field of processing various types of onions. After observations, there are deficiencies in the onion chopping machines currently in use which cannot produce premium grade processed onions. The solution to this problem is to create a Transmission Design and Premium Horizontal Shallot Chopper Blade with an Output Capacity of 15 Kg Per Hour. It is hoped that this tool can help produce quality fried shallots. The method used in design is a design method that begins with observation and literature study, then continues with the planning stage including (planning the transmission system and chopper system). The results obtained in designing this machine show the size of the machine with dimensions of 70 cm wide, 145 cm long, 89 cm high, using 3 mm thick angle iron as part of the frame. And the results of the calculation of the load on the hopper is 231.4 N, the load on the transmission is 138.84 N, the load on the electric motor is 112.14 N. The heaviest load on the frame is on the hooper, amounting to 231.4 N. From the results of the data above it will then be Loading simulations were carried out, the results obtained were stress analysis (yield strength) of 25,000N, maximum displacement analysis on the frame of 5.287mm, and factor of safety analysis on the frame of 5.5. 4 then the frame is declared safe . And it has been designed and made safe to use, because no damage occurs to the frame when the machine is operated. Based on the design results of the transmission and premium horizontal premium  onion chopper blade with an output capacity of 15 kg per hour, the engine torque (T) is 545,04 Nm. The engine power requirement is 1,566 kW. The pulley ratio on the machine is (1:10). Pulley diameter 3.8. The shaft diameter is 19 mm and the resulting chopping capacity is 17,4 m^2/hour.

This article examines the role of bureaucratic digitalisation in advancing good governance in post-New Order Indonesia based on a narrative literature review. Employing an integrative framework that connects Good Governance theory, E-Government, Digital Era Governance, and Institutional Theory, this study analyses literature published between 1998 and 2024 drawn from academic journals, policy documents, and national–international institutional reports. The findings indicate that, although Indonesia has achieved notable progress in digital regulation and infrastructure, reflected in the adoption of SPBE and the increase in the EGDI from 0.3690 (2012) to 0.6612 (2022), implementation continues to face severe structural and institutional constraints. Five key themes emerge: progressive policy development yet uneven implementation; a transparency paradox between rhetoric and practice; severe interregional digital divides; institutional resistance rooted in patrimonial administrative culture; and the ambivalent effects of digitalisation on public service quality. This study concludes that the digitalisation of bureaucracy has not fundamentally transformed good governance due to an excessive emphasis on technological solutions in the absence of institutional and cultural reconfiguration. Policy recommendations include contextual strategies based on local capacity, sustained investment in civil servant capacity building, and reforms to bureaucratic incentive structures. This study contributes to the e-government literature in developing countries by providing a critical analysis of the persistent gap between policy adoption and actual implementation.

This seminar is an activity carried out to assist students and the wider community in developing theability of human resources to build creative businesses by utilising the Canva application. Increased digitalpromotion is key for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to increase their visibility andcompetitiveness. This workshop aims to develop the capacity of human resources in Bengkalis Regency throughtraining using the Canva platform. Canva is an easy-to-use online graphic design tool, and this workshop isdesigned to provide an in-depth understanding of using Canva in the context of digital promotion. Participantswill be guided to understand the basic concepts of graphic design, digital promotion strategies, and theapplication of skills using Canva. During the training, participants will engage in hands-on practical sessions tocreate attractive and effective digital promotional materials for their MSMEs. Keywords: Workshop, Digital Promotion, Canva Training, MSMEs in Bengkalis.

This study explores the application of green hydrogen technology for industrial decarbonization, focusing on its techno-economic and environmental feasibility. A quantitative approach was used, incorporating system modeling of a solar-based hydrogen production system combined with electrolyzers. The techno-economic assessment involved calculating the Levelized Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH), estimating capital and operational expenditures (CAPEX and OPEX), and evaluating the system's energy efficiency and hydrogen output. The environmental impact was analyzed using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), comparing the carbon footprint of green hydrogen with fossil-based hydrogen. The results reveal that green hydrogen can reduce carbon emissions by up to 60% compared to fossil hydrogen, primarily due to the use of renewable energy for production. Additionally, the study found significant improvements in energy efficiency as electrolyzer performance and solar capacity increased. The LCOH is expected to decrease steadily as solar panel and electrolyzer prices continue to fall, enhancing the competitiveness of green hydrogen in the energy market. The findings also highlight the potential for heavy industries, such as cement and steel production, to transition from fossil fuels to green hydrogen, contributing to a cleaner industrial energy mix. This transition presents both environmental and economic benefits, with long-term savings from reduced fossil fuel dependency and lower production costs.

This study aimed to investigate the physiological impact of academic stress, particularly examination stress, on biochemical indices among college students at the University of Tikrit. A total of 60 healthy students (30 in an experimental group and 30 in a control group) aged 19-21 years participated in this cross-sectional study. Salivary samples were collected during pre-examination and post-examination periods to measure levels of cortisol, malondialdehyde (MDA), glucose, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The results indicated significant increases in cortisol, MDA, and glucose levels in the pre-examination period compared to the post-examination period, suggesting heightened stress responses. Conversely, TAC levels were significantly higher in the post-examination period, indicating a potential recovery or response to oxidative stress. The findings support the hypothesis that academic examinations can induce significant physiological stress in students, reflected by changes in salivary biochemical markers. These stress responses may influence overall student health and academic performance, suggesting the need for strategies to manage stress among students during examinations.

Empowerment of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) is a crucial strategy for enhancing business capacity and family economic welfare. This community service activity employed a participatory approach and continuous mentoring to actively involve MSME actors in all stages, from planning, training, to evaluation. The results indicate an increase in MSME actors' understanding of proper business management, systematic financial recording, and effective marketing strategies. Additionally, technical skills improved, including the ability to maintain daily cash books, income-expenditure reports, and manage operational costs and business capital. The impact of this activity is reflected in increased income, family economic stability, and enhanced economic independence of MSME actors. These findings highlight that MSME empowerment through a participatory approach and sustained mentoring contributes to family economic improvement, community economic resilience, and inclusive, sustainable local economic development

The purpose of this study is to investigate how religious education influences the development of a person's character in their early adult years. A person's identity, moral independence, and life values are formed during the crucial developmental stage of early adulthood, which has a big influence on their future. This study examines the role that Christian Religious Education plays in promoting character development that embodies Christian values like love, honesty, responsibility, and integrity using a qualitative research approach based on a literature review. According to the findings, Christian Religious Education is crucial for raising people's moral consciousness, establishing spiritual principles, and assisting them in overcoming social obstacles. Christian Religious Education helps people develop a Christ-centered identity, improves their capacity for responsible decision-making, and promotes engagement in worthwhile social activities by teaching them God's Word. This study does, however, also point out a number of issues that could compromise the efficacy of character education, including the impact of digital media and social settings. According to the study's findings, Christian religious education plays a vital role in forming morally pure and motivated young adults. To foster an atmosphere that encourages character development, families, educational institutions, and society must work together. It is anticipated that the results will offer useful insights for creating more pertinent and successful Christian Religious Education initiatives.

Grants are a form of financial assistance provided by individuals, organizations, or governments to recipients without repayment obligations. Grants play a significant role in social and economic development, including improving community welfare, strengthening economic capacity, and supporting infrastructure development. This study aims to analyze how grants contribute to community empowerment and economic growth while identifying challenges in their management. Using a qualitative approach based on a literature review, this study finds that well-managed grants can enhance the competitiveness of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), accelerate regional development, and support social sectors such as education and health. However, issues such as lack of transparency, weak supervision, and potential dependency among grant recipients remain significant challenges. Strengthening regulations, implementing monitoring systems, and ensuring impact-based grant distribution are recommended to improve grant effectiveness and maximize benefits for recipients.

This study aims to explore the dynamics of leadership regeneration in an ecclesiastical context with an emphasis on three main aspects: the urgency of leadership renewal, the escalation of conflict within the synod, and the contribution of cross-generational participation in the leadership structure. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative, which focuses on in-depth understanding of existing phenomena. Regeneration of ecclesiastical leadership is becoming an increasingly urgent issue in the midst of rapid social change, transformation of service orientation, and the declining level of involvement of the younger generation in church organizational structures. In the absence of a structured and sustainable regeneration system, the dominance of certain age groups in leadership may hinder the renewal of the church's vision and the transfer of relevant ministry values. Therefore, leadership regeneration should be viewed as a transformative and contextual structural reform, which aims to respond to the challenges of the times and prepare a more inclusive and adaptive future leadership. Conflicts in church synods are often triggered by the tension between the application of normative church ordinances and the complexity of interpersonal relationships shaped by the history and internal dynamics of the church. Rigid application of ecclesiastical regulations without considering the social context can trigger deliberative dysfunction and polarization, which hinders inclusive decision-making. In this case, managerial skills in managing conflict through dialogic, empathic, and reconciliatory approaches are needed to maintain the cohesion and legitimacy of the synod, so that decisions can reflect the needs and aspirations of the people. Cross-generational participation in church leadership is key to ensuring continuity and synergy in ministry. Collaboration between senior and younger generations can strengthen collective capacity, transform power relations, and create inclusive and sustainable leadership models.

This article analyzes school autonomy policies in Indonesia and their implications for educational quality. Studying schools with varying degrees of autonomy, the study examines the relationship between decentralized management practices and student performance. The findings suggest that while autonomy can lead to better educational outcomes, its success depends largely on the capacity of school leadership and access to resources. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for balancing autonomy with support systems to ensure quality education.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of assistance provided to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in business licensing and the implementation of modern management practices in Keruak Village. The method used involves a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews and participatory observation. The results indicate that the assistance has improved the understanding and capabilities of SME actors in managing business permits and applying modern management principles. This has had a positive impact on enhancing the competitiveness of SMEs in both local and regional markets. The study recommends the need for a sustainable and integrated assistance program to ensure the continued development of SME capacity.

Background: Anemia is a condition in which the body has too few red blood cells (erythrocytes) which contain hemoglobin which functions to carry oxygen to all body tissues. Signs and symptoms of anemia include fatigue, weakness, decreased capacity/ability or work productivity. Anemia in pregnancy is a condition in which the mother has Hb levels below 11 gr% in the first and second trimesters or levels <10.5 gr% in the third trimester (Proverawati, 2016). Research design: The type of research used in this study is analytical with a cross-sectional approach. Cross-sectional is a research approach that emphasizes the time of measurement/observation of independent and dependent variable data only once at one time. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between one variable and another. (Notoatmodjo, 2018). Research results: showed that the characteristics of respondents according to age were mostly in the low-risk reproductive age group of 20-35 years as many as 54 people (79.4%), the rest were at-risk reproductive age <20 years>35 years as many as 14 people (20.6%). Respondents had the most formal educational backgrounds, namely Senior High School (SMA) as many as 44 people (64.7%), and at least college graduates as many as 3 people (4.4%), while Junior High School as many as 15 people (22.1%) and Elementary School as many as 6 people (8.8%). Conclusion of the study; Based on the results of the study and discussion, the author concludes: There is a relationship between the knowledge of pregnant women and the incidence of anemia with a p value of 0.015 <0.05. There is a relationship between the attitude of pregnant women and the incidence of anemia with a p value of 0.006 <0.05.

Anemia is a condition in which the body has too few red blood cells (erythrocytes) which contain hemoglobin which functions to carry oxygen to all body tissues. Signs and symptoms of anemia include fatigue, weakness, decreased capacity/ability or work productivity. Anemia in pregnancy is a condition in which the mother has Hb levels below 11 gr% in the first and second trimesters or levels <10.5 gr% in the third trimester (Proverawati, 2016). One of the biggest health problems suffered by pregnant women in the world is anemia because it is a direct cause of death. Globally, the prevalence of anemia suffered by people around the world is 2.3 billion. Around 50% of it is caused by iron deficiency anemia (World Health Organization (WHO, 2017). The type of research used in this study is analytical with a cross-sectional approach. Cross-sectional is a research approach that emphasizes the time of measurement/observation of independent and dependent variable data only once at one time. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between one variable and another. (Notoatmodjo, 2018)

Splazz drinking water depot is a refill drinking water depot and drinking water supplier in the Yogyakarta area which has a distribution/delivery route for drinking water to consumers in several different locations. The distribution carried out does not take into account optimal routes so that the costs incurred in distribution are not optimal. By Therefore, research was carried out at the Splazz drinking water depot to optimize routes and costs for distributing drinking water to consumers using the saving matrix method and the branch and bound method. The initial route for the distribution/delivery of drinking water carried out at depots based on days from the data collected shows a total distance of 66.6 Km to 35 delivery points. Processing the data using two different methods resulted in a route saving of 16 - 18% of the delivery distance with a total distance savings of 54.9 Km for the saving matrix method and 55.8 Km for the branch and bound method, the distribution vehicle used uses a modified motorbike with a carrying capacity of 5 gallons. Then calculate the amount of cost savings after saving the distance on the distribution/delivery routes, resulting in fuel cost savings of 16 – 17%.

Splazz drinking water depot is a refill drinking water depot and drinking water supplier in the Yogyakarta area which has a distribution/delivery route for drinking water to consumers in several different locations. The distribution carried out does not take into account optimal routes so that the costs incurred in distribution are not optimal. By Therefore, research was carried out at the Splazz drinking water depot to optimize routes and costs for distributing drinking water to consumers using the saving matrix method and the branch and bound method. The initial route for the distribution/delivery of drinking water carried out at depots based on days from the data collected shows a total distance of 66.6 Km to 35 delivery points. Processing the data using two different methods resulted in a route saving of 16 - 18% of the delivery distance with a total distance savings of 54.9 Km for the saving matrix method and 55.8 Km for the branch and bound method, the distribution vehicle used uses a modified motorbike with a carrying capacity of 5 gallons. Then calculate the amount of cost savings after saving the distance on the distribution/delivery routes, resulting in fuel cost savings of 16 – 17%.

Cone Penetration Test (CPT) is a method designed to determine and test the strength of soil layers quickly and is one of the most widely used testing methods. The aim of this research is to determine the resulting bearing capacity and determine the hard soil layers on the Padhang-Padhang campus of West Sulawesi University using the Cone Penetration Test (CPT) or Sondir field testing tool. The method used in this research is the literature study method and direct testing in the field. From the results of this test, the Cone Penetration Test (CPT) data from 1 test point was processed and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2019 software. The results of data processing and analysis were the maximum cone pressure (qc) value and the maximum number of sticking resistances (JHP), namely 650 kg/cm at a depth of 12.60 meters and 2496.00 kg/cm² at a depth of 15.00 meters. The maximum friction ratio (Rf) of 0.11% is at a depth of 14.00 meters, while the maximum Sticking Resistance Pressure (fs) value of 110 kg/cm² is at a depth of 14.00 meters.    

The granting of remissions for drug convicts is based on the condition of the house detainees who are overcrowded by convicts due to over capacity. Granting remission is not applied to drug convicts involved in large-scale trafficking cases, especially for big producers and airports. Tightening remissions for extraordinary crimes (Extraordinary Crime), especially for convicts of narcotics cases in Indonesia because these crimes continue to increase from year to year.The purpose of this study is to find out the legal rules regarding remission for narcotics convicts, the implementation of granting remissions for narcotics convicts in class II B Tanjung Pura prison and the obstacles to implementing the disciplinary law for narcotics convicts in class IIB Tanjung Pura prison. This research is included in the analytical descriptive research with the type of normatif juridical research using qualitative analysis methods. Based on the results of the research, it is known that the legal basis used in granting remission is regulated in Law Number 12 of 1995 concerning Corrections, Presidential Decree Number 174 of 1999 concerning Remission, Presidential Decree Number 21 of 2005 given for extraordinary events, Government Regulations Number 99 of 2012 concerning the Second Amendment to Government Regulations Number 32 of 1999 concerning Requirements and Procedures for the Implementation of the Rights of Correctional Families, Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 18 of 2019 concerning Amendments to the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 3 of 2018 concerning Terms and Procedures for Granting Remission, Assimilation, Leave to Visit Family, Parole, Leave Before Release, and Conditional Leave. Implementation of Granting Remission at the Langkat Class IIB Tanjung Pura Penitentiary refers to laws and regulations that regulate provisions regarding remissions, during 2020 973 general remissions were granted and 1039 special remissions, in 2021 1145 general remissions were granted and 1135 special remissions and in 2022 1908 general remissions were granted and special remissions as many as 1147 people as well as obstacles to the implementation of grants remissions to inmates at the Class IIB Tanjung Pura Correctional Institution come from ; internal factors such as prisoner behavior factors, human resource factors, facilities and infrastructure factors and external factors such as legal or juridical factors, administrative factors, institutional factors, and community factors.

The construction implementation method is a very important part of the construction project to obtain the objectives of the project, the cost, quality and time. The technology aspect is very important in a construction project. Using the method of proper, practical, fast, and safe is very helpful in a construction project. Preloading and Prefabricated Vertical Drain (PVD) methods are intended to accelerate settlement and increase the bearing capacity of soft native soils by reducing pore water through PVD in the soil with the intention of reducing water content or air content in soil grains so as to accelerate long-term settlement. Preloading with PVD can reduce the material used for pre-loading, reduce embankment material, accelerate consolidation time, and increase embankment stability.

The research focuses on conducting a comparative study of social representation in two famous Indonesian novels, namely, "Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk" written by Ahmad Tohari and "Bumi Manusia" by Pramoedya Ananta Toer. The research explores the implications of the novel for Indonesian language teaching materials in secondary schools, which were revised by the Ministry of Education and Culture in 2018. These literary works, the abundance of value contained in social, cultural, and historical significance, are regarded as valuable assets that can enhance literary teaching with the aim of growing students' understanding of various aspects of Indonesian society. Qualitative methodology was used in this study to investigate how the integration of these two novels into the Indonesian language curriculum could enhance students' understanding of principles such as justice, identity, and social interaction. The study revealed that the inclusion of these novels in literary education not only expanded students' awareness of social and cultural issues but also increased their capacity for critical analysis and empathy. It is recommended that educators adopt an interdisciplinary approach when teaching literature, linking texts to broader social, historical, and cultural frameworks to facilitate students in developing a deeper understanding of their community and its underlying principles. The results of this research are expected to offer a new perspective on improving the curriculum of literature and pedagogical strategies in Indonesia, in particular in cultivating the social and critical awareness of students through literary studies.