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Catechesis is the process of faith formation conducted by the Church to assist the faithful in understanding and living the Catholic faith. To design accurate contextual catechesis, catechists need to understand the needs and context of the society. In this regard, social analysis plays an important role in designing contextual catechesis. Social analysis is the process of collecting and analyzing data about society. This article focuses on the role of catechists in optimizing social analysis to design accurate contextual catechesis. The purpose of this article is to explain the role of catechists in optimizing social analysis, as well as the importance of social analysis for contextual catechesis. The issue in this article is how catechists can optimize social analysis to design accurate contextual catechesis. The implication of this study is that catechists need to have a good understanding of social analysis and how to optimize it in designing contextual catechesis. This article uses a qualitative research method with a literature study approach. The data used in this article is secondary data from various sources, such as books, articles, and journals. Based on the research results, it was found that catechists have an important role in optimizing social analysis to design accurate contextual catechesis. Social analysis is important in designing contextual catechesis because it can help catechists understand the needs and context of society, design relevant and effective catechesis, and improve the quality of catechesis.

This research discusses the importance of developing effective contextual catechesis methods for prospective catechist students, especially in facing modern challenges involving social change, technology and contemporary moral issues. The focus of the research is to understand the integration of these aspects into religious teaching approaches to prepare students to apply religious values ​​in their daily lives. Spiritual challenges in the modern world, including clericalism and restrictions on the scope of catechists, require innovative and adaptive responses in learning and preaching approaches. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach through literature study to investigate relevant literature. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide a theoretical and practical basis for religious educators, enabling prospective catechist students to integrate religious teachings with the context of their lives. Thus, this research contributes to developing catechesis methods that are responsive to changing times, preparing the younger generation to face spiritual challenges wisely in the ever-changing modern era.

Abstract. Growing awareness of environmental issues has encouraged companies to consider environmental impacts in their operations. The integration of environmental accounting becomes a key focus for measuring, reporting and managing these impacts, creating better engagement in sustainable practices. This article aims to investigate the benefits of environmental accounting integration in the context of comprehensive business performance and accountability. We seek to identify direct links between this integration and business performance, as well as explore its impact on corporate accountability for environmental impacts. This research uses a literature study approach by conducting a comprehensive literature review to collect information from various academic and practical sources. Literature analysis was conducted to summarize key findings and identify trends and knowledge gaps. The integration of environmental accounting has a positive impact in increasing operational efficiency, supporting sustainable innovation, and strengthening the company's image through accountability and transparency. Strategic decisions based on environmental accounting information can increase engagement in sustainable business practices and ensure compliance with regulations.

Cancer is a condition in which cells have lost their normal controls and mechanisms, resulting in abnormal, fast and uncontrolled growth and threatens the lives of sufferers. Central Java ranks second in the highest cancer prevalence in Indonesia with a prevalence of 2.1% after Yogyakarta (4.9%). Meanwhile in the city of Semarang, there were 3,590 cancer sufferers recorded. At the SMC Telogorejo Hospital, cancer cases were recorded in 2020 as many as 1361 patients, then in 2021 there were 1261 patients and in 2022 there were 1125. The management of cancer patients is one of them with chemotherapy which can have a sleep disturbance effect. Handling sleep disorders can be done with a non-pharmacological approach, one of which is Progressive Muscle Relaxation. This study aims to determine the effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation on sleep quality in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at the SMC Telogorejo Hospital. This research is a quasi-experimental design with one group pre test-post test design. the sample in this study amounted to 39 respondents using a purposive sampling technique. The results of the study based on the Wilcoxon test showed that there was an effect of progressive muscle relaxation on the sleep quality of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at SMC Telogorejo (p = 0.000), where the sleep quality of patients before being given progressive muscle relaxation averaged 7.85 in the category of poor sleep quality, then after being given progressive muscle relaxation an average of 4.26 was obtained in the category of good sleep quality. Therefore nurses need to apply Progressive Muscle Relaxation as a relaxation method for treating sleep disorders.

Menstruation is the discharge of blood from the genitals. During menstruation, the blood vessels in the uterus are very easily infected. In areas that are hot enough to make the body sweat, this sweat increases the body's moisture levels, especially in the closed and folded sexual and reproductive organs. The aim of the research is to determine the relationship between knowledge of young women and personal hygiene practices during menstruation at SMP Negeri 1 Pematangsiantar in 2023.The type of research carried out was Descriptive Analytical with a cross sectional approach, the population in the study was 35 people using Total Sampling. The data collected in the research is primary data, namely data obtained directly from respondents. The data analysis used is chi squareThe research results showed that the majority had sufficient knowledge with poor personal hygiene, 11 (31.3%) respondents with Chi square 0.001. the majority had poor attitudes with poor personal hygiene as many as 10 (28.5%) respondents with a Chi square of 0.000.The conclusion is that there is a relationship between knowledge and attitudes of young women towards personal hygiene during menstruation at SMP Negeri 1 Pematangsiantar in 2023. It is hoped that all health workers at SMP Negeri 1 Pematangsiantar will be more active in holding programs such as counseling on personal hygiene during menstruation for young women, programs -The program aims to increase the knowledge and attitudes of young women regarding personal hygiene measures during menstruation    

Standard Sanitation Operating Procedures (SSOP) and the production process layout play an essential role in food production so that product quality complies with standards and food safety. The problem faced by the partner (UD Sumber Rejeki) is that there is no SSOP and a good production space layout. This community service (PkM) aims to assist partners in making SSOP and production space layouts so that the products produced comply with quality and food safety standards. The methods used are the active participation approach (partners play an active role during PkM), the activity orientation approach (assisting partners in making SSOP and production space layout), and the SSOP implementation approach and production space layout. The result of this PkM is the enthusiasm and activeness of partners during assistance in making SSOP and layout of production space. Another result is the availability of SSOP and the layout of the production room, which is placed in the production room.

Abortion, as an intentional act of terminating pregnancy, focuses on various reasons, including maternal health conditions, fetal abnormalities, pregnancies resulting from rape, and economic and social factors. Abortion is considered a significant public health issue, particularly due to its substantial impact on maternal morbidity and mortality. This study also highlights the importance of considering values and ethics in abortion decision-making, emphasizing the role of an axiological approach. The research method is qualitative with a phenomenological approach. The findings indicate that abortion decisions are influenced by economic factors, marital status, and psychosocial aspects. An axiological approach is crucial for considering ethical and moral values in abortion decisions.

Children's literacy skills play a crucial role in their cognitive and academic development. The phonics learning approach has been proven effective in helping children develop good reading and writing skills. This study aims to describe how children's literacy mentoring through phonics learning can improve their reading and writing skills. children's literacy mentoring through phonics learning has a positive impact in improving reading and writing skills. The involvement of teachers and parents is crucial in providing support and motivation to the children. This research provides a deeper look into how the phonics approach can be effectively implemented in an effort to improve children's literacy.

Religious moderation plays a crucial role in Indonesia, a society with diverse beliefs and religious backgrounds. Religious leaders, with government support, strive to prevent violence and intolerance in Indonesia. One approach used is interfaith moderation. The concept of moderate Islam becomes a significant religious perspective in addressing diversity in Indonesia. To strengthen the role of Islamic schools (madrasah) in combating radicalism and extremism, religious moderation needs to be incorporated into the madrasah curriculum. The aim of this approach is to mediate between two extreme poles while emphasizing the importance of internalizing religious teachings on one side and understanding the context of religious texts on the other side. To examine this issue, the research was conducted using qualitative methods, particularly a case study. This method aims to find meaning, investigate processes, and gain in-depth understanding of individuals, groups, or situations. In analyzing the data, the researcher applied an interactive model. Data analysis activities include data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing, and verification. The research results indicate that religious moderation instilled in students at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al-Khairat Kwandang, North Gorontalo Regency, not only occurs in formal settings but is also integrated into every learning session. One form of moderation practiced by students is providing advice to fellow students, fostering a sense of care among them.

This study delves into the intricacies of the Maritime Education and Training (MET) program at the Maritime Institute Jakarta (STIP Jakarta), focusing on Semester 3 cadets. Adopting a qualitative and descriptive research approach, the research aims to elucidate the perspectives of 240 cadets through the lens of academic self-checked intelligence, professional competences, motivations, and their interconnections. The findings reveal diverse self-checked intelligence profiles across Nautical, Technical, and Port and Shipping Management majors, necessitating a nuanced curriculum tailored to their distinct strengths. English communication emerges as a pivotal professional competence, urging a strategic enhancement of language instruction to equip cadets for effective communication in the global maritime community. Motivations driving cadet dedication encompass familial legacies, a love for the sea, and the pursuit of international exposure. Recognising and nurturing these intrinsic motivators emerges as a crucial element for sustaining cadet engagement. The positive correlation between self-checked intelligence and professional competences underscores the importance of tailored support mechanisms, prompting recommendations for mentorship programs and supplementary resources. Implications for STIP Jakarta include the need for continuous quality improvement through periodic curriculum reviews, fostering a holistic approach that combines technical proficiency with soft skills. The research contributes to the discourse on maritime education, offering a roadmap for institutions to navigate industry dynamics and diverse cadet needs. The findings, discussions, and recommendations collectively enrich the understanding of Semester 3 cadet perspectives, offering actionable insights for educators, administrators, and policymakers to refine and elevate maritime education at STIP Jakarta.

This research aims to find out what the judge's forgiveness policy (rechterlijk pardon) is in the New Criminal Code, to find out how the rechterlijk pardon formulation in the Dutch Criminal Code compares and to find out what the challenges of rechterlijk pardon (judge's forgiveness) will be in the future. The research method used is juridical-normative with a statutory approach and a case approach. The research results show that Rechterlijk Pardon puts a different concept in giving space to judges in handing down guilty decisions without criminal penalties. Before being ratified, the principle of judge forgiveness was already used in several countries, for example the Netherlands. Even judges in Indonesia have made several decisions that contain the value of the judge's forgiveness. In connection with the analysis of Rechterlijk Pardon's challenges, it is viewed from the perspective of law enforcement and legal culture in society.    

This research analyzes strategies and policy innovations in managing natural resources and renewable energy laws in Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach, this study examines the implemented environmental policies, the roles of central and regional governments, and the challenges in their implementation. The results show that Indonesia has implemented various policies and regulations to support sustainable natural resource management. Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management is the main foundation, followed by its derivative rules. However, policy implementation still faces challenges such as land conflicts, environmental degradation, and overexploitation of natural resources. In the context of renewable energy, the government has issued fiscal and non-fiscal incentives to promote its adoption. Presidential Regulation No. 112 of 2022 is an example of a policy that provides various tax incentives and licensing facilities for renewable energy projects. This study concludes that Indonesia needs a comprehensive and collaborative approach to address challenges and optimize natural resource management and renewable energy development. Recommendations include simplifying bureaucratic procedures, increasing transparency in procurement processes, and strengthening investment guarantee mechanisms to enhance private sector participation in renewable energy infrastructure development.  

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is an escalating global health issue, particularly with the rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB), which complicate treatment and control efforts. Resistance to both first-line and second-line drugs weakens the effectiveness of standard WHO-recommended therapies, while alternative drugs can cause severe side effects and reduce patient adherence. This study aims to explore the integration of bioinformatics and pharmacogenomics in supporting personalized TB treatment to improve therapeutic success and reduce the risk of further resistance. The research employed a laboratory-based experimental design with a bioinformatics approach, involving TB patients with clinical evidence of drug resistance. Clinical samples were analyzed through whole genome sequencing to identify gene mutations associated with resistance, followed by pharmacogenomic mapping to predict pharmacological responses based on patients’ genetic variations. The results revealed several specific gene mutations consistently linked to resistance and produced individualized therapeutic recommendations that were more targeted than standard protocols. Effectiveness evaluation demonstrated that genome-based personalized therapy yielded higher treatment success rates, faster recovery times, and lower rates of subsequent resistance. These findings highlight the significant potential of precision medicine in TB management, particularly for resistant cases that are difficult to treat with conventional approaches. In conclusion, the integration of bioinformatics and pharmacogenomics plays an essential role in strengthening TB treatment strategies through a personalized, adaptive, effective, and sustainable approach. Nevertheless, its implementation still faces challenges such as high costs, limited infrastructure, and the need for clear regulations regarding the use of patients’ genomic data.

This study investigates the intrinsic relationship between mathematics and classical music by analyzing harmonic patterns in compositions of renowned composers such as Bach, Mozart, and and Beethoven. The research employs an analytical quantitative approach, using statistical tools to map and identify numerical ratios within musical intervals and the relationships between chords. Data were collected from selected musical works to examine interval structures and harmonic progression patterns. Findings reveal that classical music exhibits consistent mathematical patterns, including the octave (2:1), perfect fifth (3:2), and other proportional relationships that form the basis of chord construction and harmonic coherence. These patterns demonstrate that mathematical principles are inherently embedded in musical compositions, allowing for an objective analysis of music structure without diminishing its aesthetic and emotional value. Furthermore, the study highlights the value of an interdisciplinary perspective, combining quantitative analysis with traditional music aesthetics, which provides new insights into understanding compositional techniques and creativity. The results also suggest that recognizing mathematical structures in music can contribute to a deeper understanding of music theory and education, enhancing how students and scholars approach musical analysis. Overall, this research emphasizes that integrating mathematical and artistic perspectives not only supports the scientific study of music but also encourages a holistic appreciation of the creative process, bridging the gap between art and science while offering practical implications for music pedagogy, theory, and performance studies.

The advancement of Industry 4.0 demands production systems to operate more efficiently, adaptively, and securely in facing global challenges. One promising technology that addresses these needs is the Digital Twin (DT), a digital representation of physical systems that enables integration between the real and virtual environments. Through DT, production processes can be modeled, monitored, and tested in real time, allowing for evaluation and optimization before implementation in actual systems. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of DT in modeling automated industrial systems, particularly in relation to improving production efficiency, quality control, energy savings, and operational safety. The research employed an experimental approach based on simulation within a robotic production line consisting of machines, sensors, actuators, and conveyors. The research stages included identifying system components and workflows, developing a DT model that integrates physical and virtual layers with Internet of Things–based data connectivity, and conducting simulations representing diverse operational scenarios. The findings indicate that DT implementation enhances operational efficiency, reduces production errors, and optimizes energy utilization. Furthermore, DT proves effective in strengthening safety aspects by enabling early detection of potential disruptions and providing preventive recommendations before significant impacts occur. Compared to conventional simulations, DT offers a more realistic, adaptive, and relevant approach to the needs of modern industry. The implications of this study highlight DT’s strong potential to become a new standard in the development and control of automation-based production systems, driving the creation of smarter, more efficient, and sustainable industries.

Halal SMEs in Pekalongan need to adopt a more progressive approach to remain relevant and competitive. Innovation is not just a concept but also an urgent necessity to enhance products, production processes, and marketing strategies. Halal SMEs in Pekalongan should view innovation as the key to improving their competitiveness globally. Empowering Halal SMEs through the Pekalongan Halal Special Economic Zone (KEK) should be the main focus in the strategic plan and regional economic development. This research utilizes qualitative descriptive research with an exploratory approach. It is also a type of literature study. The results of this literature review illustrate the importance of empowering Halal SMEs to achieve global competitiveness through innovation and collaboration. In the context of empowerment, crucial aspects include capital, education, training, and financial support, needed to enable SMEs to develop their production capacity and innovation. Furthermore, the Pekalongan Halal KEK plays a significant role as a facilitator of the growth of the halal economic sector. The KEK provides incentives, infrastructure, and strict regulations that encourage transparency and access to the global market for halal products.

Cigarettes are rolls of tobacco which, when consumed, cause harmful effects to both those who smoke them and those who inhale the smoke. Many teenagers are now starting to recognize and try smoking cigarettes. The aim of this research is to find out the effectiveness of the MANGKOK (Teenager Prevent Smoking) game in increasing knowledge and motivation of teenagers at SMPN 01 Lalonggasumeeto in 2023. The research method used is a quantitative approach, Pre-Experimental design type using a one group pretest and posttest design. . The population of this study was 85 students, while the sample was 46 respondents taken using a purposive sampling technique using the Slovin formula. The results of the Paired Sample T-Test show that there is an increase in knowledge and motivation before and after being given the MANGKOK game to teenagers at SMPN 01 Lalonggasumeeto in 2023 with the respective knowledge p-value (0.000) < alpha (0.05) and p-value of motivation (0.001) < alpha (0.05). This research was carried out for 21 days.

Background: Hearing loss is one of the occupational diseases. A noisy work environment as one of the impacts of the industrial sector. This is the most common cause of hearing loss. The National Institute of Health in 2012 reports that about 15% of Americans aged 20-69 years experience hearing loss in connection with work activities, because noise can cause hearing loss, the government sets standards that regulate permissible noise exposure. Hearing loss due to noise occurs slowly, in a matter of months to years. This is often not realized by the sufferer, so that when the patient starts complaining of hearing loss, it is usually already in an irreversible stage. Such conditions will affect labor productivity which will ultimately cause a decrease in the health of the workforce. In certain cases, hearing loss due to noise begins for 6 to 10 years after exposure to loud noises. PT. Riau Graindo was established on January 17, 1997 located in Desa Sidomulyo Barat Kecamatan Tampan Kota Pekanbaru, a publishing company under of Riau Pos Group (RPG), based in Pekanbaru. Research Objectives: To determine corelations of work period with the incidence of hearing loss in employees of PT. Riau Graindo Pekanbaru in 2019. Research Methods: This study was an observational analytic study with a cross sectional approach. Research Results: Majority of PT. Pekanbaru Graindo Pekanbaru that is > 5 years as many as 21 people (70%). The majority of employees of PT. Riau Graindo Pekanbaru experiencing hearing loss as many as 18 people (60%). Chi square test results obtained Pvalue = 0.001, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between work period and the incidence of hearing loss in the employees of PT. Riau Graindo Pekanbaru in 2019. Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a relationship between working period and the incidence of hearing loss in the employees of PT. Riau Graindo Pekanbaru in 2019 with Pvalue = 0.001 smaller than α (0.05).

Indonesia is one of the countries that has a fairly high level of natural disaster vulnerability. Mount Sinabung is a strato-type volcano. Administratively, Mount Sinabung is in the Karo Regency, North Sumatra. The eruption of Mount Sinabung has had a very significant physical, psychological and social impact on society. In facing a disaster, survivors need to survive and continue living. The ability to adapt to conditions after experiencing a traumatic event is called resilience. People who lost their homes due to the eruption of Mount Sinabung must be willing to be relocated to new, safer places such as permanent Shelter. Researchers want to see how disaster survivors in the Siosar Permanent Residence respond to being able to recover or recover from their previous situation. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection techniques were carried out using interviews/FGD, observation and documentation studies. The research results show that there are still teenagers who are not yet fully resilient. Researchers found teenagers who have not been able to recover from the problems they faced after the eruption of Mount Sinabung. Therefore, support from various parties or the pentahelix (government, academics, business world, society and mass media) is needed to build sustainable resilience in Siosar Permanent Shelter.  

This study aims to delineate the values of local wisdom within the oral tradition of Umpasa from an ecolinguistic perspective. The ecolinguistic perspective is supported by communication ethnography studies. Data for this research were collected using observation methods, note-taking techniques (linguistics), complemented with ethnographic conversation methods and recording techniques (ethnography). Data analysis employed the extralingual correspondence method and contextual analysis techniques. The results of the analysis indicate that local wisdom within the oral tradition of Umpasa is manifested through tangible forms of local wisdom such as rocks and water, ulos motifs, and traditional houses; as well as through intangible forms of local wisdom such as proverbs, advice, and poetry. Each form of local wisdom manifests noble values that reflect the collective cultural appreciation of the society. This research examines the values of local wisdom embodied in the oral tradition of Umpasa within Batak society through an ecolinguistic approach and communication ethnography studies. The oral tradition of Umpasa is an inseparable part of the rich and diverse Batak culture, containing advice, proverbs, and songs laden with ancestral wisdom and teachings. Unlike physically tangible local wisdom, Umpasa exists as an intangible heritage transmitted orally, bringing deep understanding of the relationship between humans and nature and culture. These dimensions of local wisdom reflect the collective cultural appreciation of Batak society. The implications of this research involve understanding and promoting the preservation of local culture and enhancing appreciation for local wisdom within Batak society and beyond