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This study is motivated by the limited research on holistic education in developing 21st-century skills to address the challenges of the digital era, despite its significant implications for future human resource quality. The objective of this research is to explore the concept of holistic education based on 21st-century skills and its relevance in the digital era through a literature review approach. The method employed is qualitative, focusing on an analysis of academic literature, including documents, journals, books, and various scholarly sources. The analysis was conducted thematically to investigate the principles, models, and practices of holistic education that support the development of critical thinking, creativity, communication, and collaboration skills. The findings indicate that holistic education can serve as a key approach to prepare younger generations to navigate the complexity of the digital era with adaptive, ethical, and innovative thinking skills. This review enriches the literature on holistic education and highlights the importance of an integrated approach that intertwines cognitive, emotional, social, and technological dimensions within the context of modern learning. Practical implications include recommendations for educators and policymakers to design curricula based on 21st-century skills and integrate digital technologies into building holistic learning processes. This study also offers opportunities for further research on the implementation of holistic education in diverse cultural and geographical contexts.

This research aims to improve thematic LKPD learning using a role-playing model in grade 5 elementary schools in Bengkulu City.This research is research and development (R&D) carried out by modifying Thiagarajan and Sammel's four-dimensional model.This research shows that LKPD in thematic learning using the role-playing model received a score of 78.10 in the "good" category at level 1 by LKPD experts and 89.25 in the "very good" category at level 2 by 90 students. He gave me the answer which is very good.Therefore, from the research that has been conducted it can be concluded that LKPD using the social and natural sciences (IPAS) role-playing learning model in the independent curriculum for grade IV elementary school can be classified as a very good LKPD and can be used for learning.  

This research aims to improve thematic LKPD learning using a role-playing model in grade 5 elementary schools in Bengkulu City.This research is research and development (R&D) carried out by modifying Thiagarajan and Sammel's four-dimensional model.This research shows that LKPD in thematic learning using the role-playing model received a score of 78.10 in the "good" category at level 1 by LKPD experts and 89.25 in the "very good" category at level 2 by 90 students. He gave me the answer which is very good.Therefore, from the research that has been conducted it can be concluded that LKPD using the social and natural sciences (IPAS) role-playing learning model in the independent curriculum for grade IV elementary school can be classified as a very good LKPD and can be used for learning.  

The implementation of the Independent Curriculum in Indonesia has encouraged various innovations in learning methods, including in the Fiqh subject at the Madrasah Tsanawiyah level. The cooperative learning model is one approach that is considered effective in improving conceptual understanding, students' application skills, and supporting the strengthening of the Pancasila Student Profile. This study aims to examine the implementation of the cooperative learning model in the Fiqh subject at MTs Al Jihadiyah, with a focus on challenges, supporting factors, and its impact on student learning outcomes. The method used is a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data collection techniques include participatory observation, in-depth interviews with teachers and students, and analysis of learning documents. Data were analyzed thematically with triangulation techniques to ensure the validity of the findings. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the cooperative learning model is able to increase student active involvement and understanding of the Fiqh material. Some of the challenges faced include limited learning time and differences in student abilities. The supporting factors for the success of the implementation of this model include support from the school and training for teachers. Other positive impacts are seen in improving students' application skills in daily life and strengthening character according to the dimensions of the Pancasila Student Profile, especially in the aspects of collaboration and critical thinking.

Islamic education holds a strategic position in shaping students’ moral character and social attitudes within multicultural societies. However, Islamic educational curricula are frequently perceived as prioritizing normative-textual transmission and doctrinal compliance, leaving limited room for interfaith dialogue and the cultivation of inclusive dispositions. This study critically assesses Islamic educational curriculum orientations and examines how sharia-based moral pedagogy can foster interfaith tolerance among students. The study also responds to the limited empirical linkage between sharia moral education and measurable developments in tolerance, inclusivity, and dialogic competence in Islamic schooling contexts. Using a qualitative design with descriptive-critical analysis, the research draws on curriculum document analysis and classroom observations across several Islamic educational institutions. Data are analyzed thematically to identify how three key curricular dimensions-akhlak (ethical conduct), maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah (higher moral objectives), and Islamic civilization history-are embedded and enacted in teaching practices, as well as how these elements shape students’ attitudes toward religious difference. The results indicate that akhlak-centered learning supports empathy, mutual respect, and non-discriminatory behavior by framing morality as lived practice rather than abstract instruction. Integrating maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah strengthens students’ inclusive orientation by emphasizing public good, justice, and human dignity as guiding principles for social relations. Additionally, teaching Islamic civilization history-especially narratives of coexistence-enhances students’ awareness of interfaith engagement and positions dialogue as compatible with Islamic identity. A comparative analysis suggests that sharia-based moral pedagogy is more effective than normative-textual curricula in building tolerant and inclusive student dispositions, mainly because it enables reflective learning, contextual moral reasoning, and dialogic interaction.

This study explores how public service innovations in motor vehicle testing, based on Regional Public Service Agencies (BLUD), can improve road safety governance. In regions with rapidly growing motor vehicle populations, inadequate roadworthiness controls contribute to high traffic accident risks. While Indonesia has a regulatory framework for motor vehicle testing, service delivery remains largely administrative and lacks a strong focus on road safety. The study aims to assess how public service innovations can enhance road safety governance through local government-managed vehicle testing based on BLUD. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis involving local government officials, testing technicians, and service users. Thematic and interpretive data analysis identified governance dimensions that influence service effectiveness. The study finds that road safety governance improvement relies on four main capacities: relational, structural, resource, and adaptive. Although BLUD-based management offers flexibility for service innovation, its implementation has not fully aligned with road safety goals. Challenges remain in public trust, cross-agency coordination, resource availability, and organizational learning. The study concludes that integrating public service innovation with institutional capacity building and safety-focused performance management is essential for strengthening road safety governance. These findings highlight the strategic importance of motor vehicle testing in enhancing road safety and public value at the regional level.

This qualitative study examines the acquisition and understanding of syntax in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) at the undergraduate level. The research explores students' perceptions of syntax, classroom instruction methods, challenges encountered, and the role of context and practice in developing syntax understanding. Data collection methods include classroom observations and semi-structured interviews with undergraduate students enrolled in EFL programs. Thematic analysis is used to identify patterns and themes in the data, providing insights into the complexities of syntax acquisition in EFL contexts. The findings reveal diverse perceptions of syntax among students, highlighting the need for tailored instructional approaches. Classroom observations demonstrate the use of various teaching methods and materials, emphasizing the importance of a balanced approach to syntax instruction. Students report challenges in acquiring syntax, such as understanding complex structures and applying grammar rules accurately, underscoring the need for targeted interventions and support. The study also emphasizes the role of context and practice in developing syntax understanding, with students valuing real-life examples and interactive activities. Based on the findings, the study suggests several implications for EFL instruction, including the need for diverse instructional strategies, an integrated skills approach, the use of authentic materials and contexts, and individualized support. Future research directions are proposed, including longitudinal studies, comparative analyses, investigations into the effectiveness of instructional strategies, and the exploration of technology-enhanced learning. By addressing these research gaps, scholars can contribute to the development of evidence-based practices that support EFL learners in mastering syntax and achieving proficiency in English.    

The rapid growth of cross-platform applications has significantly increased the volume and diversity of sensitive user data processed across heterogeneous and distributed environments. Personally identifiable information, device identifiers, behavioral data, and financial information are routinely collected to support personalization, analytics, and service optimization. While these practices enhance application functionality and user experience, they also introduce substantial privacy risks, including unauthorized data access, device fingerprint–based re-identification, cross-user data leakage, and large-scale data breaches. These risks are further amplified by distributed processing architectures and extensive third-party library integrations commonly used in modern cross-platform systems. This study aims to systematically analyze privacy issues in cross-platform applications by examining the types of sensitive data involved, identifying dominant privacy threats, and reviewing state-of-the-art privacy-preserving mitigation strategies. A systematic literature-based methodology was employed, focusing on recent Scopus-indexed journal articles, conference papers, and book chapters. The analysis synthesizes findings using thematic categorization and a conceptual research framework that maps sensitive data sources to privacy threats and corresponding mitigation mechanisms. The results indicate that privacy risks in cross-platform applications originate not only from external attacks but also from internal architectural weaknesses, such as flawed authorization logic and excessive data sharing across system components. Privacy-preserving techniques including differential privacy, federated learning, blockchain-based data governance, secure multi-party computation, and fine-grained access control mechanisms are shown to provide stronger privacy guarantees compared to conventional centralized approaches. However, these techniques also present trade-offs related to system complexity and performance. Overall, the study highlights the importance of adopting a multi-layered, privacy-by-design approach to ensure sustainable, trustworthy, and regulation-compliant cross-platform application development.

The aim of this research is to determine the role of Canva-based interactive video media in thematic learning on learning outcomes in elementary schools. This research is a literature study using qualitative descriptive methods. Data collection was carried out by searching via Google Scholar for articles in electronic journals and other publications. The data was analyzed in three stages, namely organizing, synthesizing and identifying. In applying this media, several obstacles were encountered in the classroom, including; Teachers still don't know how to make designs on Canva, the signal is not stable and the infrastructure is limited. However, these obstacles are not an obstacle. The school provides socialization or training and adequate facilities and infrastructure for teachers. There are eight articles that are in accordance with the study theme which states that the application of Canva interactive media has a very significant role in student learning outcomes, especially at the elementary school level.

This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach by utilizing observation, interviews and documentation analysis to determine the difficulties faced by teachers in implementing thematic learning. Research participants included the principal and class VI teachers at SD Negeri Peninggilan 5. The research findings revealed several main difficulties faced by teachers. First, at the planning stage, teachers have difficulty integrating lesson material into classroom learning steps when preparing lesson plans. Second, during implementation, teachers consider thematic learning to be time consuming because it covers many subjects and remains teacher-centered. Finally, in terms of evaluation, teachers experience difficulties in assessing students' affective mood due to individual differences, as well as facing challenges in completing subject-specific student learning outcomes reports. Efforts to overcome these difficulties so that thematic learning can be useful in improving the overall quality of teaching for other teachers.    

This research aims to improve the learning outcomes of the independent curriculum by using the role play learning method assisted by image media and a projector in class II UPTD SDN 145 Inpres Pampangan. This research is Classroom Action Research, the subjects of this research are class 2, totaling 32 students consisting of 20 boys and 12 girls. This research was carried out for 3 weeks. The implementation of this action was carried out in 2 cycles, the first cycle consisting of 3 meetings and the second cycle consisting of 3 meetings. This research was carried out in the Teaching Profession Strengthening (P2K) activities which started on September 4 - October 14 in the 2023/2024 academic year. The results of the research show that during the learning process there is a change in students' attitudes during the learning process in accordance with the results of observations, namely the implementation of the Role Play type cooperative learning model assisted by picture media and projectors can increase students' self-confidence in asking both the teacher and their friends about the material. that are not understood and can improve student attendance. So, Role Play cooperative learning assisted by image media in thematic learning is suitable for use in this class. This can be seen from the increase in learning outcomes for class II students at UPTD SDN 145 Inpres Pampangan after the Role Play type of cooperative learning was held with the help of image media and a projector.  

Mayjen Sungkono University Group 17 Thematic Science KKN activities are located in Betro Village. Betro Village has great potential in processing tofu, with the abundance of soybean raw materials and the skills of its people, making their local tofu products widely sought after. Betro Village has more than 10 white tofu factories that are still operating today. Betro Village also has a factory that produces tofu that has been fried and is ready to be sold. This research focuses on developing tofu processing innovations which aims to design innovative solutions to increase the selling value of tofu products by identifying the potential and needs of the local market in Betro Village. This activity aims to provide experience and as a learning process to explore village potential which can have a positive impact on the village economy.

Based on observation results, student learning outcomes are still low. This research aims to improve student learning outcomes in Integrated Thematic Learning using the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning model. This research was carried out at UPTD SDN 66 Kanjitongan, Kanjitongan Hamlet, Mattiro Tasi Village, Maros Baru District, Maros Regency. The subjects of this research were 19 students in class IIIA UPTD SDN 66 Kanjitongan for the 2023/2024 academic year. The type of research used is Classroom Action Research. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the application of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) model in Integrated Thematic Learning can improve the learning outcomes of class III A UPTD students at SDN 66 Kanjitongan. This is shown by the results of the analysis in cycle I, the percentage of students who have reached the Minimum Completeness Criteria is 68.42% and the percentage of students who have not reached the Minimum Completeness Criteria is 31.58%. 2 cycles with the percentage of students who have reached the Minimum Completeness Criteria89.47% and the percentage of students who have not reached the Minimum Completeness Criteria 10.53%.

Based on observation results, student learning outcomes are still low. This research aims to improve student learning outcomes in Integrated Thematic Learning using the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning model. This research was carried out at UPTD SDN 66 Kanjitongan, Kanjitongan Hamlet, Mattiro Tasi Village, Maros Baru District, Maros Regency. The subjects of this research were 19 students in class IIIA UPTD SDN 66 Kanjitongan for the 2023/2024 academic year. The type of research used is Classroom Action Research. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the application of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) model in Integrated Thematic Learning can improve the learning outcomes of class III A UPTD students at SDN 66 Kanjitongan. This is shown by the results of the analysis in cycle I, the percentage of students who have reached the Minimum Completeness Criteria is 68.42% and the percentage of students who have not reached the Minimum Completeness Criteria is 31.58%. 2 cycles with the percentage of students who have reached the Minimum Completeness Criteria89.47% and the percentage of students who have not reached the Minimum Completeness Criteria 10.53%.

This research aims to improve students' speaking skills through group discussion-based learning media in class I UPTD SDN 145 Inpres Pampangan. This research is Classroom Action Research, the subject of this research is class 1 consisting of 23 students, of which the total number of students is 11 girls and 12 boys. The implementation of P2K is carried out in 2 cycles, each cycle lasts for 2 teaching and learning process meetings and every second meeting there is a learning evaluation results test. This research was carried out in the Teaching Profession Strengthening (P2K) activities which started on October 4-November 13 in the 2023/2024 academic year. The results of the research show that during the learning process there is a change in students' attitudes during the learning process in accordance with the results of observations, namely by implementing the Talking Stick type cooperative learning model assisted by picture media, it can increase students' self-confidence to ask both the teacher and their friends about material they don't know. understandable and can increase student attendance. So, Talking Stick type cooperative learning assisted by picture media in thematic learning is suitable for use in this class. This can be seen from the increase in learning outcomes for class 1 students at UPTD SDN 145 Inpres Pampangan after improving speaking skills for class 1 students through group discussion-based learning media.    

This research aims to analyze the Transformation of Teacher Roles in the Digital Era. The method in this research is a qualitative research method with a narrative approach. Interview data was transcribed and reviewed using thematic content analysis. This study reports three important data themes which include teachers' adaptability to the digital era, challenges faced by teachers in learning in the digital era, opportunities faced by teachers in learning in the digital era and teachers' strategies in facing learning in the digital era. In this way, researchers investigate how teachers can overcome these challenges and take advantage of these opportunities to improve the quality of education in the digital era. By combining innovative approaches to teaching and investment in teacher professional development, the transformation of the teacher's role in the digital era can be a vehicle for creating more effective and inclusive learning experiences.

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of the picture and picture learning method to increase student learning activity in thematic learning. The research method used is an experimental research method, based on this type of research data in the form of quantitative research. The data collection techniques used by researchers are tests (pretest and posttest), observation and documentation. The population of this study was taken from class III at SD Negeri 0507 Pasar Latong and the sample in this study was taken from all 33 class III students. From the results of the "t" test, namely Tcount > Ttable, Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted.Based on the calculation results, it shows that the posttest average > pretest average, namely: 63.5 > 85.75. The results of hypothesis testing using the t test show that the value of T = 4.018, with a level of α = 0.05 with degrees of freedom (df) 33-1 = 32, the results obtained are T table = 1.697. The calculation results obtained Tcount > Ttable or 4.018 > 1.697, in accordance with the basic provisions for decision making that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected, meaning that there is a significant influence of the picture and picture Learning method to increase students' active learning in class III thematic learning at SD Negeri 0507 Pasar Latong.    

. Based on initial research at SDN Kaligrenjeng 01, it was found that thematic learning was still considered difficult to implement due to several factors, including, educators dominated more during the learning process and learning media were rarely used during the learning process. The aim of the research is to explain the development, explain the use and learning achievements of students in using PUT3 Group learning media in elementary school thematic learning. The results of learning media validation can be seen from the percentage results by material expert validators, media experts and language experts respectively. 80.00%, 92.50%, and 96.00%, the average validator assessment is 89.36% so that the learning media is suitable for use. Educators' response to the media was 84.00% and students' response to the media was 94.89%. The increase in the average value of students before using the media and after using the media was 75.79%, this shows that there was an increase in the average value of the class, so that the PUT3 Group media was stated to be able to improve students' learning achievement. Based on the research results, it was concluded that the media PUT3 Group learning in elementary school thematic learning is suitable for use. The results of the responses from educators and students show that the PUT3 Group media is easy to use. PUT3 Group learning media in elementary school thematic learning can improve student learning achievement.    

This research was motivated by the low memory of student for remembering the lesson because the use of less varied method in class 2 of 3 sukaratu elementary school in Tasikmalaya. This study aims to identify and describe the planning, implementation, and skill improvement of studen’s memory in thematic learnign by using singing learning method. The method used in this research is Classroom Action Research (PTK) according to Kemmis and Mc. Taggart which consists of planning, action, observation, and reflection in each cycle. The discussion of this study uses using singing learning method In the learning process of time unit and capital letters which are testedat the end of each cycle The results of the study stated that  singing learning method were able to improve memory of student in 3 Sukaratu of elementary school. This increase before using singing learning method (pre-action) obtained an average value of 63,54 with a percentage of 19,31% in the "less" category. After using that singing learning method in cycle I, an average value of 69,67 was obtained with a percentage of 51,62 % in the "less" category. Then in cycle II an average value of 81.77 was obtained with a percentage of 87.10 % in the "very good" category.

This research was motivated by the low memory of student for remembering the lesson because the use of less varied method in class 2 of 3 sukaratu elementary school in Tasikmalaya. This study aims to identify and describe the planning, implementation, and skill improvement of studen’s memory in thematic learnign by using singing learning method. The method used in this research is Classroom Action Research (PTK) according to Kemmis and Mc. Taggart which consists of planning, action, observation, and reflection in each cycle. The discussion of this study uses using singing learning method In the learning process of time unit and capital letters which are testedat the end of each cycle The results of the study stated that  singing learning method were able to improve memory of student in 3 Sukaratu of elementary school. This increase before using singing learning method (pre-action) obtained an average value of 63,54 with a percentage of 19,31% in the "less" category. After using that singing learning method in cycle I, an average value of 69,67 was obtained with a percentage of 51,62 % in the "less" category. Then in cycle II an average value of 81.77 was obtained with a percentage of 87.10 % in the "very good" category.