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The growing use of smartphones among adolescents carries a high risk of addiction, which can negatively impact physical, mental, and social well-being. To address this issue, a community service program was implemented to conduct early detection of gadget addiction among high school students and provide educational health media to raise knowledge and awareness about excessive smartphone use. The program involved 240 students of SMA Negeri 1 Tuntang and was conducted in three stages: screening, development of educational materials, and health counseling. Screening used the short version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale and revealed that 90% of students were classified as addicted. Prior to counseling, 81.25% of students had low levels of knowledge regarding healthy gadget use, which significantly improved after the intervention, with 83.4% achieving high knowledge levels. Health counseling proved crucial in enhancing students’ understanding and promoting responsible smartphone habits. The program highlights the importance of collaborative efforts by schools, parents, and students to limit smartphone use, encourage physical activity, and foster face-to-face social interactions to support adolescent well-being.

The selection of this research topic is based on the important role of packing machines in the noodle production process. As consumer demand continues to increase and industrial competition becomes more intense, optimizing production efficiency is a critical requirement for manufacturing companies. This study focuses on the Tokiwa W500 Packing Machine used at PT. Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur, Noodle Division, Semarang. The research method involves a comprehensive review of the machine control system to evaluate its operational performance. Data collection was conducted through direct observation, structured interviews with machine operators, and relevant literature review. The review emphasizes system performance, operational efficiency, and the level of automation, while identifying potential areas for improvement. The results indicate that the Tokiwa W500 Packing Machine operates in a stable and consistent manner during the noodle packaging process. However, opportunities were identified to enhance the automation system in order to improve production efficiency and reduce the risk of human error. This study is expected to contribute to the development of more effective and optimized control systems for industrial packing machines.

Inflammation is a physiological response to tissue injury, infection, or harmful stimuli, characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain. However, excessive or chronic inflammation may lead to tissue damage and degenerative diseases. Long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is associated with gastrointestinal and cardiovascular side effects, highlighting the need for safer natural alternatives. Taro leaves (Colocasia esculenta) are traditionally used to treat swelling and wounds and contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and triterpenoids with potential anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extract of taro leaves and determine the most effective dose. An experimental study was conducted using male white mice (Mus musculus) divided into five groups: negative control (Na-CMC), positive control (sodium diclofenac), and three treatment groups receiving extract doses of 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg BW. Inflammation was induced by 1% carrageenan injection. The extract significantly reduced inflammation, with the highest inhibition (84.13%) observed at 75 mg/kg BW, comparable to diclofenac.  

This study aims to analyze the effect of transformational leadership (X1), work experience (X2), and social support (X3) on employee performance (Y) at PT Putra Sentosa Mandiri. This research also seeks to determine the partial effects of each independent variable as well as their simultaneous effect on employee performance. The research method used is a quantitative approach with primary and secondary data sources. The sampling technique applied was saturated sampling, in which the entire population was used as the sample, consisting of 34 employees of PT Putra Sentosa Mandiri. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, literature studies, and documentation. The data analysis techniques included validity tests, reliability tests, normality tests, linearity tests, heteroscedasticity tests, multicollinearity tests, multiple linear regression analysis, t-tests, F-tests, and the coefficient of determination (R²). The results indicate that transformational leadership has a positive but not significant effect on employee performance, work experience has no positive and insignificant effect on employee performance, while social support has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Simultaneously, transformational leadership, work experience, and social support do not have a significant effect on employee performance at PT Putra Sentosa Mandiri.

The development of information technology requires service companies to improve the effectiveness and quality of their services, including in the field of electrical installation services. CV Givas Jaya Sentosa still faces problems in managing orders, customer data, and technician scheduling, which are done manually, resulting in inefficiency. This study aims to design and build a web-based electrical installation service provider information system using the Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) method. The research method used is qualitative with a research and development (R&D) approach, through data collection techniques such as observation, interviews, and documentation. The system is designed using Unified Modeling Language (UML) modeling and implemented as a web application. The results of the study show that the system is able to simplify the service ordering process, improve service and technician data management, and help monitor work status in an integrated and real-time manner. Thus, this information system can improve operational efficiency and service quality at CV Givas Jaya Sentosa.

The use of technology in elementary school learning plays a crucial role in improving the quality of the educational process. One frequently used tool is the infocus (LCD projector), which serves to present learning materials in visual and audiovisual forms. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of using infocus-based learning media in elementary schools and its impact on student learning. The method used was a qualitative approach, collecting data through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that the use of infocus can improve students' concentration, motivation, and understanding of the subject matter, as the presentation becomes more engaging and easier to understand. However, the use of infocus in elementary schools still faces various challenges, such as limited facilities and infrastructure, teacher readiness to operate the equipment, and technical problems such as power problems and additional devices. Therefore, supporting facilities and improving teacher skills are needed to ensure the effective and sustainable use of infocus as a learning medium.

The extract of Carica papaya L. leaves contains phytochemical compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, and saponins that play a role in biological activities, including antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and modulation of the nervous system. This study aims to evaluate the effects of fresh papaya leaf extract on the central nervous system (CNS) and autonomic nervous system based on varying extract concentrations. The study used test animals with treatment groups consisting of negative control, positive control, and extracts at concentrations of 4%, 8%, and 16%. Parameters observed included parasympathomimetic (PSM), parasympatholytic (PSL), sympathomimetic (SM), sympatholytic (SL), analeptic effects (ANA), CNS stimulation (SSSP), CNS depression (DSSP), and muscle relaxation (RO). The results showed that the 16% concentration produced the highest PSM activity (46.82%) and dominant CNS stimulation (38.59%), while DSSP and RO decreased at higher concentrations. This phenomenon indicates that increasing the extract concentration does not always enhance CNS depression, but rather leads to stimulation. These findings support the potential of papaya leaf extract as a neuroprotective and multifunctional agent. Further research is needed to confirm its molecular mechanisms and clinical effectiveness as a phytotherapy candidate.

This study examines the price elasticity of fresh cow’s milk on the demand for raw materials at Anisa Yoghurt Company using a demand theory approach. Milk is the main input in yoghurt production, making price fluctuations potentially influential on production decisions. The objective of this research is to analyze the responsiveness of raw milk demand to price changes and to identify the elasticity characteristics of milk demand in a small-scale food processing business. This study employs a quantitative case study method using primary data collected through weekly observations of milk prices and quantities purchased over a three-month period, from September to November. The analysis applies the midpoint elasticity formula to measure price elasticity of demand. The findings indicate that the demand for raw milk is consistently inelastic across the observed periods, as shown by elasticity values with absolute magnitudes less than one. Both price decreases and increases result in relatively small changes in the quantity demanded, indicating low sensitivity of demand to price fluctuations. These results suggest that raw milk is an essential production input, and purchasing decisions are driven more by production needs than by short-term price changes. The study implies that yoghurt producers should prioritize supply stability and production efficiency rather than adjusting purchase volumes in response to minor price changes. This research contributes empirical evidence on demand elasticity in dairy-based agro-industries, particularly at the small enterprise level.

The “Beginner Brewer” community activity organized by Koffie Rakjat Semarang stands out as an informal learning space for individuals new to coffee brewing techniques, but so far there has been little scientific study regarding its impact on participants’ sensory experiences. This study aims to analyze how beginners understand and evaluate the flavor profile of Aceh Gayo single-origin coffee “Drama” through practical brewing sessions. The research method used a qualitative descriptive approach with data sources consisting of activity documentation, observations of popular articles, and direct quotations from participants’ experiences. The results showed that mentoring with simple techniques such as the V60 (1:15) and French Press (1:12) contributed to participants’ increased understanding of the fruity character and flavor complexity of “Drama,” which has flavor notes of passion fruit, pineapple, strawberry jam, rum, and palm sugar. Participants also reported that the inclusive learning environment made the brewing process easy and enjoyable, and encouraged continued interest in specialty coffee. In conclusion, this community activity is effective as an initial educational tool that shapes flavor perception and increases the confidence of beginner brewers in understanding specialty coffee.

This study aims to develop a Christian Religious Education learning model based on Tongkonan values to strengthen the spiritual identity of Toraja youth amid identity crisis caused by globalization. Using qualitative method with literature study, this research analyzes the integration of Tongkonan philosophical values such as karapasan, kasiuluran, and kasianggaran with theological principles of Christian Religious Education through contextual learning approach and narrative theology. The results show that Tongkonan values have strong resonance with Christian teachings and can be integrated into a learning model comprising five components: theological-cultural foundation, contextual curriculum design, experience-based learning strategies, the role of three educational centers, and authentic evaluation. Implementation of this model has significant implications for strengthening spiritual identity through formation of solid self-identity, authentic moral value internalization, and development of spiritual resilience. This Tongkonan values-based Christian Religious Education learning model bridges the dichotomy between modernity and tradition, making Christian Religious Education more relevant and meaningful for Toraja students by equipping them with a holistic identity as Toraja people who are also followers of Christ.  

This community service program develops a pilot model of Pancasila Village based on Asta Cita in Paciran Village, Lamongan Regency through the integration of three intervention clusters: (1) national seminar to strengthen Pancasila values ​​and the agenda of “building from the village”, (2) training on downstreaming palm sap as a strengthening of the local economy and entrepreneurship based on village potential, and (3) coastal rehabilitation action through planting sea pine as an environmental adaptation in sandy coastal areas that are vulnerable to wind and erosion. The implementation method uses a participatory and asset-based approach (ABCD) that places residents as the main actors, with a series of activities including socialization, cross-party coordination, training on processing palm sap into value-added products (brown sugar and syrup), seminars with community leaders and academics, planting sea pine, and pre-post evaluation based on knowledge, skills observation, and participant satisfaction. The implementation results show the formation of a cross-generational commitment to make Paciran Village a pilot Pancasila Village, increased community capacity in palm sap processing, and the birth of collective coastal rehabilitation actions. The program also produced sustainability recommendations in the form of routine cross-generational agendas, utilization of village social media for educational content on Pancasila–nira–cemara laut, and the appointment of Pancasila students as environmental sustainability ambassadors in the village.

The Community Service Program (KKN) conducted by students of Padang State University (UNP) focuses on community service to address social issues and improve the quality of life for a more developed nation. One of the programs implemented is digital literacy and the renovation of the village library located at the Sumpur Kudus Village Head's office, Sumpur Kudus District, Sinjunjung Regency, West Sumatra Province. Given the widespread use of technology today, accessing information related to the history, social conditions, and tourism in Sumpur Kudus Village is now easy. To create a comfortable reading space or information center, renovations were carried out at the Sumpur Kudus Village Head's Library, adding various decorations and facilities. The approach used was a qualitative descriptive approach aimed at understanding the impact of the program's implementation on increasing reading interest and access to information by the community. The results of this activity indicate that the community feels comfortable and has easy access to information in Sumpur Kudus Village.

Local coffee micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Karang Sidemen Village, Central Lombok Regency, have significant development potential; however, they still face challenges related to marketing practices and limited value addition. Conventional marketing systems restrict market reach and reduce product competitiveness. In the context of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Society 5.0, digital marketing offers a strategic opportunity for MSMEs to enhance product promotion and sales performance. This community service program aimed to strengthen the capacity of local coffee MSMEs through the implementation of social media–based digital marketing strategies. A participatory approach was employed, actively involving MSME actors and students through stages of problem identification, program planning, training and hands-on digital marketing practices, and evaluation. The results demonstrated an improvement in participants’ understanding and skills in utilizing social media as a promotional tool, as reflected by the initiative to develop and publish promotional video content for local coffee products, including the flagship Versilia coffee variant. The use of visual content and storytelling facilitated the practical adoption of digital marketing strategies. Overall, this program contributed to shifting marketing behavior from conventional to digital approaches and strengthening the sustainable competitiveness of local coffee MSMEs.

Education plays a vital role in shaping character and developing individual potential, with the ability to collaborate being crucial in this global era. This study focuses on the low level of student collaboration and suboptimal Aqidah Akhlak learning outcomes at MA Muhammadiyah 1 Ponorogo, caused by a lack of innovative learning methods. Therefore, this study aims to examine the application of the Project-Based Learning method as a solution to improve student collaboration and learning outcomes. This study aims to: (1) describe the application of the Project-Based Learning method in teaching Aqidah Akhlak in class XI of MA Muhammadiyah 1 Ponorogo, (2) determine the impact of the Project-Based Learning method on student collaboration and learning outcomes, and (3) determine student perceptions of the application of the Project-Based Learning method in teaching Aqidah Akhlak. This study used a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data were collected through observation, interviews (with the principal, vice principal for curriculum, Aqidah Akhlak teacher, and class XI students), and documentation. The data analysis technique used was the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that: (1) the implementation of the Project Based Learning method is carried out through structured steps, encouraging active cooperation between teachers and students, with an emphasis on equal roles and responsibilities of each, (2) the Project Based Learning method has a positive impact on increasing collaboration, educational outcomes, and the development of students’ knowledge, attitudes, and skills as a whole, with changes in behavior that are seen in depth, (3) students have a positive view of the Project Based Learning method because it is considered more interesting, interactive, meaningful, and relevant to everyday life, which can be seen from increased motivation and active participation.

Sleep quality is a crucial component of health and overall well-being among older adults, as the aging process is commonly associated with various physiological, psychological, and environmental changes that may significantly disrupt normal sleep patterns. Declining bodily functions, increased health problems, and changes in daily routines often contribute to sleep disturbances in later life. This literature review aims to analyze the factors influencing sleep quality in the elderly by synthesizing findings from relevant national and international studies published in recent years. Various factors were identified, including physiological conditions such as chronic diseases, pain, and hormonal changes; psychological factors such as anxiety, depression, stress, and cognitive decline; lifestyle-related factors such as levels of physical activity, dietary habits, medication use, and caffeine consumption; and environmental aspects including noise exposure, lighting conditions, temperature, and overall bedroom comfort. The reviewed literature consistently indicates that poor sleep quality is strongly associated with impaired physical health, reduced cognitive function, increased fatigue, and decreased emotional well-being in older adults. This review highlights the importance of comprehensive, multidisciplinary interventions that address both intrinsic and extrinsic determinants of sleep to effectively improve overall sleep quality among elderly populations.

The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in scientific research is becoming increasingly widespread, but presents epistemic risks that are not yet fully understood. This article discusses how the probabilistic mechanisms of LLM can produce outputs that appear correct and justified but are actually dependent on epistemic luck, thus resembling the Gettier case pattern. Through a conceptual study approach, this research clarifies concepts, analytically reconstructs the generative structure of LLM, and conducts a normative analysis of its implications for scientific accountability and authorship. The results of the analysis show that Algorithmic Gettier Cases (AGCs) occur when linguistic coherence deceives users and creates the impression of justification, even though the truth that emerges is statistical coincidence and is not supported by valid causal relationships. This condition poses a serious challenge to the attribution of knowledge and author responsibility in the production of academic texts. To address this issue, this article proposes the principle of Hyper-Justification Obligation, which is the ethical obligation for researchers to actively verify and causally reason every AI output before using it in scientific works. This research provides a theoretical contribution to understanding the epistemic risks of LLM and offers an ethical foundation for academic practice in the era of generative AI.

The community service program entitled “Implementation of Digital Technology through Mapping MSME Locations on Google Maps to Enhance Consumer Accessibility in the Bukit Lawang Tourism Area” aims to improve digital literacy and business visibility among local micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Bukit Lawang, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra. The program was carried out using a participatory approach through socialization, training, and technical assistance involving four local MSMEs, consisting of two wildlife-themed painting craftsmen, one culinary business, and one souvenir craftsman. The results show that all MSMEs were successfully registered and verified on Google Maps, leading to increased consumer accessibility and customer interaction through digital reviews. In addition to expanding market reach, this activity also fostered awareness and independence among business owners in managing their online business profiles. This program demonstrates that location mapping through Google Maps serves as a simple yet effective strategy to support MSME digital transformation and strengthen community-based creative economies in rural tourism areas.

The development of information and communication technology in the digital era has increased access to and productivity of scholarly publications, while also creating challenges in managing academic literature and references. Final-year students, particularly those from non–Information Technology programs, often experience difficulties in organizing references systematically, maintaining citation consistency, and avoiding unintentional plagiarism. This article aims to describe the implementation and outcomes of a community service program that provided training on the use of Mendeley as a personal digital library for managing scholarly literature. The program was conducted over two days using a participatory and hands-on approach involving students from Universitas Tamansiswa in Padang. The training methods included conceptual lectures, live demonstrations, and practical sessions covering Mendeley installation, reference management, automatic citation, and bibliography generation. The results indicate improvements in participants’ understanding and skills in reference management, as well as increased awareness of academic integrity. Overall, the training proved effective in enhancing efficiency and writing quality in the preparation of theses or final projects.

This study aims to describe the implementation of the Segmenting, Targeting, and Positioning (STP) concept in Apple Inc.’s marketing strategy and to assess students’ perceptions as young consumers of Apple products. A descriptive qualitative approach was applied through a literature review supported by an online survey involving 30 students who use Apple products. Data were analyzed descriptively to relate Apple’s STP strategy to respondent preferences and satisfaction levels. The results indicate that Apple applies multidimensional market segmentation encompassing demographic, psychographic, and behavioral aspects, targeting premium consumers, creative professionals, and urban youth. The targeting strategy emphasizes product quality, design, and symbolic value, while positioning is established as a premium brand supported by an integrated product ecosystem. Survey findings show that ease of access is the most prioritized factor among respondents (40%), followed by information completeness (33%). The overall satisfaction level is categorized as moderate, with a mean score of 3.67. These findings suggest that Apple’s STP strategy has been effective in strengthening brand image among students; however, improvements are still needed, particularly in information delivery and service accessibility. This study is expected to provide practical insights for businesses and educational institutions in developing marketing strategies aligned with young consumer characteristics.

Social media has become a strategic tool for the government to disseminate public information quickly, interactively, and efficiently in the digital era. The Lampung Provincial Government utilizes various social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok to support public communication activities. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of public communication by measuring the level of activity of Regional Apparatus Organization (OPD) social media accounts using the logistic regression method. Data were collected through web scraping techniques on the official OPD social media accounts and then processed using a quantitative approach. The results show that the level of social media activity influences the effectiveness of public communication and the transparency of government information. These findings are expected to serve as a basis for local governments in designing public communication strategies that are more optimal and adaptive to developments in digital technology.