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Human Resource Management (HRM) plays a strategic role in improving organizational competitiveness through proper management of employee placement, training, and performance evaluation. To support the achievement of these goals, a predictive model is needed that can provide an accurate picture of employee performance. This study utilizes a Human Resource Management (HRM) dataset of 1,200 data and applies several classification algorithms to compare their effectiveness, namely J48 or C4.5, Random Forest, Naive Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Logistic Regression, and Support Vector Machine (SVM). To obtain more optimal results, this study uses resampling techniques and attribute selection methods with a correlation attribute eval approach, so that class distribution can be more balanced and model accuracy increases. From the test results, the Decision Tree J48 algorithm showed the best performance with an accuracy level reaching 95.41%, a kappa value of 0.8925, a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.0432, a precision of 0.955, a recall of 0.954, and an area under the ROC curve of 0.964. These findings indicate that J48 has excellent predictive capabilities compared to other algorithms. Furthermore, this study also found that the most influential variables in determining employee performance include the percentage of the last salary increase (EmpLast Salary Hike Percent), the level of work environment satisfaction (Emp Environment Satisfaction), the length of time since the last promotion (Years Since Last Promotion), and experience in the current role (Experience Years in Current Role). Overall, the results of the study indicate that the C4.5 algorithm with the application of the resampling technique can be an optimal solution in building an employee performance prediction system. Thus, this model has the potential to be a strong basis for managerial decision-making, particularly in designing HR development strategies and policies to improve organizational performance.

The increase in customer complaints in e-commerce services requires an effective excellent service strategy to maintain customer trust and loyalty. This study aims to analyze the complaint handling strategy at PT. XYZ. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with in-depth interview techniques on four respondents who have different roles in customer service management. The results show that the most common complaints include product discrepancies, delivery delays, and slow refund processes. The main challenges include limitations in digital systems, interdepartmental coordination, and limited human resources. This study suggests optimizing customer service technology, strengthening internal coordination, and enhancing human resources to support 24/7 service and reinforce the company's image. Product discrepancies often arise from miscommunication between the sales and warehouse departments, leading to customers receiving products that do not match their expectations or the descriptions provided. Delivery delays are a common frustration, particularly during high-demand periods, affecting customer satisfaction and leading to negative reviews. Additionally, slow refund processes create frustration for customers, especially when dealing with returns or faulty products. These delays hinder the company's ability to provide excellent service and detract from the customer experience. One of the primary challenges identified in the study is the limitation in the digital systems used for customer service management. PT XYZ’s current system is not fully optimized to handle high volumes of complaints, leading to delays in responses and resolutions. Interdepartmental coordination is also a significant issue, as different departments such as logistics, sales, and customer service often operate in silos, making it difficult to resolve customer issues promptly.

Service quality is a vital element that must be prioritized to achieve excellence in public service delivery. It serves as the cornerstone for any institution, directly influencing public satisfaction. Such satisfaction can only be realized when services are delivered effectively, efficiently, and in alignment with the community’s needs. This study aims to assess the quality of public services at the Plampang Village Office and identify factors that hinder its enhancement in 2022. Using a descriptive method with a qualitative approach, the research explores and analyzes various phenomena, events, social activities, attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, and community perspectives, both on an individual and collective level. The findings reveal that the assurance dimension of service quality received favorable feedback from service users. However, other dimensions still exhibit notable deficiencies, such as the public’s limited awareness of service standards, the small size of service spaces, and inadequate facilities, such as computers and laptops, which often experience technical issues, leading to delays in service completion.

This study explores the influence of digital marketing, service quality, and product innovation on customer satisfaction among Skintific skincare consumers on TikTok Shop. Employing a quantitative, explanatory research design, the study used purposive sampling to collect 200 valid responses from consumers who had purchased Skintific products via TikTok Shop. Data were collected through an online questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS, preceded by validity, reliability, and classical assumption tests. The results revealed that product innovation had the most significant impact on customer satisfaction (β = 0.589, p < 0.001), followed by service quality (β = 0.343, p < 0.001). However, digital marketing did not have a significant direct effect on customer satisfaction (β = 0.019, p = 0.746). The model explained 86.9% of the variance in customer satisfaction (R² = 0.869), indicating strong combined effects from the three factors. These findings suggest that post-purchase factors, particularly product innovation and service quality, are more decisive in influencing customer satisfaction than promotional efforts alone. Managerial implications highlight the importance of continuous product development, enhancing service responsiveness and reliability, and integrating digital marketing with value delivery to optimize customer satisfaction. The study contributes to social commerce literature by clarifying the distinct roles of marketing, service quality, and innovation in the context of TikTok Shop, providing both theoretical insights and practical guidance for brand strategy in social commerce platforms. This research adds to the understanding of how businesses can strategically leverage product innovation and service excellence to enhance consumer satisfaction and foster long-term customer loyalty in the competitive social commerce landscape.

Understanding verb-noun collocations is essential for exploring how abstract personal qualities are represented in language. This study aims to find out the types of verbs that occur before the five self-related compound nouns (self-esteem, self-confidence, self-assurance, self-worth, and self-respect), and investigate their collocational patterns. The data in this study were obtained from the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). The data were collected by applying the documentation method. The technique involved searching for five compound nouns within the corpus and recording instances of their use. These occurrences, along with their collocates, were then copied and organized in an Excel spreadsheet. In the spreadsheet, columns were adjusted to separate and classify key elements such as the compound noun, the collocating verb, frequency data, and context sentences. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively to provide insights into lexical patterns, the types and tokens of frequency. The results show that the verbs that collocate with five self-related compounds in COCA vary in number and frequency, with self-confidence showing the highest types (20) and self-assurance the lowest (9). The verb build appears most frequently with self-confidence and self-esteem (4 tokens each), suggesting both are viewed as qualities that can be constructed or improved. Self-respect predominantly collocates with have (4 tokens), implying it is seen as possessive, while self-worth reflects both positive and negative framing through increase and reduce (2 tokens each). In contrast, self-assurance is frequently associated with lack (4 tokens) and show (2 tokens), indicating its absence or visibility. These patterns reveal that verb collocates offer important insights into how language frames self-constructions.

This study aims to evaluate the soundness of PT Bank Panin Tbk during the 2014–2024 period using the RGEC method, which assesses four key dimensions: risk, governance, earnings, and capital. This research approach is quantitative and descriptive, utilizing secondary data sourced from annual reports, financial statements, and officially published corporate governance documents. Each component is analyzed using relevant indicators, such as the NPL ratio, LDR, PDN, ROA, ROE, BOPO, NIM, and CAR. The results indicate that PT Bank Panin Tbk's risk profile, as reflected in the NPL, PDN, and LDR ratios, is largely in the healthy category, demonstrating the bank's ability to effectively manage credit and liquidity risks. An evaluation of corporate governance, based on consistent self-assessment reports over ten years, also demonstrates the achievement of a healthy rating, reflecting the bank's commitment to maintaining the principles of transparency, accountability, and regulatory compliance. Regarding earnings, profit performance, as measured by ROA, ROE, BOPO, and NIM, shows stable and positive results, confirming the bank's ability to generate sustainable profits. Meanwhile, in terms of capital, the CAR ratio recorded excellent performance and was a dominant factor in maintaining capital resilience while meeting the capital adequacy standards set by regulators. These findings confirm that PT Bank Panin Tbk was in overall good health throughout the study period. The results of this study are expected to provide strategic input for bank management in maintaining positive performance and for regulators as material for evaluating banking policies.  

Mandarin Chinese teaching by non-native teachers is crucial in global education, given the complexity of the language and culture that require in-depth mastery. This study examines the roles, characteristics, challenges, and effective teaching strategies implemented by non-native Mandarin Chinese teachers. Using a qualitative approach and descriptive-analytical literature review, this study collected data from accredited journals and books from online databases such as Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and national journal portals. The results show that non-native teachers are required to have strong linguistic mastery, comprehensive Mandarin Chinese language skills, a deep understanding of Chinese culture, as well as pedagogical and psychological competencies, including the ability to manage classes and utilize modern technology. Characteristics of effective non-native teachers include sensitivity to observation, critical analysis skills, creativity, good communication, and adaptability. Mandarin Chinese training, such as at LKP AEC Semarang, has proven important to improve the competence of non-native teachers through planned, interactive learning structures and continuous evaluation. A comparison of the effectiveness between native and non-native teachers shows differences; native teachers excel in language mastery and higher student grades, while non-native teachers are more effective in explaining the material in depth with patience. The role of non-native teachers is crucial and integral, encompassing motivator, facilitator, role model, learning designer, and evaluator. Non-native teachers also face challenges such as pronunciation and writing difficulties, limited media resources, lack of confidence, and cultural differences. Solutions include the use of digital media, interactive learning strategies, and professional training. Overall, non-native teachers play a fundamental role in Mandarin Chinese language teaching and have the potential for success. With a strong foundation of materials, innovative strategies, adequate training support, and high self-confidence, they can enhance student interest and understanding, although challenges must be addressed strategically.  

This study investigates the impact of taste and service quality on customer loyalty, with customer satisfaction serving as a mediating variable, at Dapoer MbokSum Kediri. The research adopts a quantitative approach, utilizing both primary and secondary data sources. Primary data were obtained through the distribution of structured questionnaires to customers, while secondary data were collected via interviews with the business owner and direct field observations to gain a deeper understanding of operational practices. A total of 120 respondents were selected through accidental sampling, ensuring that participants met specific criteria relevant to the study objectives. The data analysis was conducted using SmartPLS 4.0, incorporating validity and reliability testing to ensure the robustness of the measurement instruments, as well as hypothesis testing to evaluate the relationships between variables. The results of the analysis indicate that both taste and service quality exert significant and positive influences on customer satisfaction. Furthermore, service quality demonstrates a significant and direct positive effect on customer loyalty. In contrast, taste does not show a direct influence on loyalty, suggesting that its effect on loyalty is more indirect and mediated by satisfaction Additionally, the mediation analysis confirms that customer satisfaction plays a critical role in linking both taste and service quality to customer loyalty. This implies that while customers may appreciate the taste of food, it is their overall satisfaction—encompassing both taste and service experiences—that ultimately drives loyalty. The study highlights the importance for culinary businesses, particularly in the competitive food service industry, to focus not only on product quality but also on delivering excellent service to enhance satisfaction and foster long-term customer relationships. The findings provide practical insights for Dapoer MbokSum Kediri and similar establishments to strategically prioritize service quality improvements alongside maintaining food taste to maximize customer retention and loyalty.

This article aims to examine in depth the implementation of moral values in Islamic educational institutions as a strategic step in shaping students who are not only intellectually intelligent, but also excel morally and spiritually. This research uses a qualitative approach with a library study type, through analysis of Islamic literature, articles on moral education, and relevant research results that discuss moral values. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of moral values in Islamic education includes three main aspects. First, morals towards Allah, including instilling piety, sincerity, and obedience through worship, spiritual habits, and strengthening religious ethics. Second, morals towards fellow human beings, which are realized by fostering honesty, justice, tolerance, empathy, and social responsibility through daily interactions, cooperation, and social activities. Third, morals towards nature, which includes instilling an attitude of love for the environment, preserving God's creation, and building ecological awareness as part of a Muslim's moral responsibility. Strategies for implementing moral values include integrating values into all subjects, providing role models by teachers and other educational staff, fostering positive behavior within the school environment, and continuously evaluating student attitudes and behavior. This strategy is designed to instill moral values not only at the cognitive level but also as concrete habits in daily life. This article's contribution lies in developing a conceptual and practical framework for building an Islamic education system oriented toward holistic character formation. With this approach, moral values are expected to be thoroughly internalized in students' personal, social, and environmental lives.  

This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of product quality, service quality, and customer trust on insurance product purchasing decisions at PT AIA Financial at BCA KCP Raden Saleh, Central Jakarta. The background of this study is based on the importance of understanding the factors that influence purchasing decisions, especially in the insurance industry, which is intangible and highly dependent on customer perception and trust. This study uses primary data collected through questionnaires distributed to 47 respondents, namely PT AIA Financial customers who have purchased insurance products at the research location. The research instrument is compiled based on variable indicators whose validity and reliability have been tested. The data analysis method used is a quantitative method with a multiple linear regression analysis approach through the assistance of SPSS software version 26. Product quality is measured through the dimensions of performance, durability, suitability, and features; service quality is assessed from the aspects of reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and physical evidence; while customer trust is seen from the reliability of the company, agent integrity, and clarity of information. The results of the study indicate that product quality, service quality, and customer trust partially and simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on insurance product purchasing decisions. This means that the higher the quality of the products and services provided, and the greater the customer trust, the higher the customer's tendency to purchase PT AIA Financial's insurance products. This finding implies that the company needs to continuously maintain and improve its product quality, provide excellent service, and build and maintain customer trust through transparent communication, clear product education, and a commitment to service promises. This way, long-term relationships with customers can be maintained and customer loyalty can be enhanced.

The rise in motor vehicle theft cases in various regions indicates the weakness of the security systems implemented by most users. Systems such as manual locks and alarms often fail to prevent crime, either because they are easily hacked conventionally or due to user negligence in their operation. In today's technological era, a system is needed that is not only secure, but also intelligent and practical. One promising solution is the implementation of a facial recognition-based security system. This study aims to design and test a vehicle security simulation system using facial recognition technology integrated with Arduino Uno and MATLAB. This system utilizes a laptop camera to capture the user's facial image, then performs a detection and verification process using the FaceNet algorithm. If the face is recognized and verified with data stored in the database, the Arduino will activate the actuator components in the form of a DC motor to simulate starting the engine, and a servo motor to simulate opening the vehicle door. This study uses a quantitative experimental approach to analyze the effect of variations in distance (30, 40, and 50 cm) and lighting brightness levels (10–20, 21–30, and 31–40 lux) on the system's response time. A total of 27 combinations of conditions were tested, and the data obtained were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and ANOVA tests in Minitab software. The results of the analysis showed that the optimal response time was obtained at a distance of 40 cm with a medium level of illumination (21–30 lux). In addition, both distance, brightness, and the interaction between the two factors were shown to have a significant effect on the system's response time (P-Value < 0.05). These findings indicate that the system is quite sensitive to environmental changes, so further testing is highly recommended, especially to measure the actual delay, the detection error rate, and the development of a more robust face detection algorithm so that the system can be used reliably in various lighting conditions and face capture angles in the real world.

This study aims to: (1) produce e-LKPD based on problem-based learning oriented to mathematical problem-solving ability and self-confidence of high school students on the material of equations and quadratic functions and (2) describe the feasibility of PBL-based e-LKPD oriented to mathematical problem- solving ability and self-confidence of high school students on the material of equations and quadratic functions seen from the aspects of validity,  practicality, and effectiveness. This type of research is research and development using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The research was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Malinau with the research subject of class X-3 students totaling 35 students. Data collection was carried out using interview techniques, observation, e-LKPD validation sheets, pretest-posttest, and questionnaires. To determine the validity, the e-LKPD assessment sheet of material and media experts was used, practicality used student and teacher response questionnaires, and effectiveness used mathematics problem solving ability test questions and student self-confidence questionnaires. Data analysis consisted of qualitative data analysis and quantitative data analysis. Qualitative data analysis was conducted by analyzing the results of interviews, observations, and comments or suggestions given to make improvements to the e-LKPD products developed. Quantitative data analysis was conducted by converting quantitative data into qualitative data in the form of certain categories, normality test using shapiro-wilk, t-test with paired samples test, and N-Gain score. The results showed: (1) PBL-based e-LKPDs oriented towards mathematical problem solving skills and self-confidence of high school students on the material of quadratic equations and functions have been produced, (2) PBL-based e-LKPDs developed meet product feasibility, namely valid with excellent categories based on material and media experts; practical with very practical categories based on teacher responses and practical based on student responses; effective on math problem solving skills with classical completeness of 77%, the t-test results obtained a significance value of 0.000 <0.05 which means that there is a difference in the average ability to solve mathematical problems before and after learning using e-LKPD, the N-Gain result is 0.65 with moderate criteria, and effective on student self-confidence with an increase in the average score of each indicator before and after learning,  the N-Gain result is 0.49 with moderate criteria, and the t-test results with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05.

This study aims to analyze the effect of variations in screw conveyor speed and cutting blade on an automatic meatball molding machine in producing meatballs weighing between 15 and 20 grams. The research method used a design of experiments (DOE) approach with a factorial design, followed by a two-way ANOVA analysis to test the effect of each factor and their interactions. The screw conveyor speed variations used were 160 RPM, 140 RPM, and 124 RPM, while the cutting blade speed was varied at 224 RPM, 186 RPM, and 160 RPM. The speed variations were obtained by adjusting the pulley ratio on the machine. The testing process was carried out by molding meatballs using a combination of these speed variations, then boiling them until they float to ensure doneness. After that, the mass of each meatball was weighed with a precision scale. The weighing data were processed using Microsoft Excel and Minitab 21 software to obtain accurate statistical analysis. The results showed that increasing the screw conveyor speed tended to increase the meatball mass, while increasing the cutting blade speed actually decreased the mass of the meatballs produced. The interaction between screw conveyor speed and cutting knife speed was statistically significant with a p-value ≤ 0.05, indicating that the combination of the two plays an important role in determining the final meatball mass. Through Response Optimization analysis, the most optimal combination for producing meatballs with a mass in the range of 15–20 grams is a screw conveyor speed of 124 RPM and a cutting knife speed of 160 RPM. This setting can be achieved by using pulleys with diameters of 114.3 mm (4.5 inches) and 88.9 mm (3.5 inches). These findings are expected to be a reference for meatball industry players, especially MSMEs, in increasing production efficiency and maintaining product size consistency.

The development of electric motor vehicles drives the need for efficient, stable, and reliable energy storage systems. This study aims to compare the performance of three types of batteries commonly used in electric motorcycles, namely LiFePO4 (Lithium Iron Phosphate), Li-Ion (Lithium Ion), and Lead Acid (Lead Battery). The parameters tested include energy efficiency, capacity, and performance during the starting process. The test method was carried out for 60 minutes through a charging and discharging process (charge-discharge), using a pzem-015 measuring instrument and a multimeter to monitor the current, voltage, input/output power, and battery capacity. The test results show that the LiFePO4 battery provides the best performance. This battery has the highest efficiency and capacity, reaching 1430 mAh, with a stable average efficiency in the range of 50–60%. In addition, LiFePO4 also produces the highest current and voltage when used for starting, making it very reliable for the initial needs of electric motorcycle operation. Meanwhile, the Li-Ion battery recorded a high initial efficiency of up to 87.27%, but this efficiency decreased and then stabilized at 72%, with a recorded capacity of 1360 mAh. Although its efficiency is quite good, its long-term stability is still below that of LiFePO4. Meanwhile, the Lead Acid battery showed the lowest performance. Its efficiency continued to decline to only 26.3% at the end of the test. Its capacity is 1380 mAh, but the increase is unstable, indicating inconsistencies in power storage and discharge. Based on these results, LiFePO4 batteries are recommended as the main choice for electric motorcycles because they excel in aspects of energy efficiency, performance stability, and long-term durability.

This research started from the difference in understanding of mathematical concepts found in students in grades XI-1 of SMA Kanjeng Sepuh Sidayu. The main purpose of this study is to analyze students' understanding of mathematical concepts based on extroverted and introverted personalities, with an ethnomathematical approach on the building of the Kanjeng Sepuh Sidayu Mosque. The research subjects consisted of four students who were selected with two personality categories, namely two students with introverted personalities and two students with extroverted personalities, which were determined through a personality questionnaire. Data collection techniques were carried out using questionnaires to find out personality types, mathematical concept understanding tests, and in-depth interviews to further explore students' understanding. The results showed that there were significant differences in the understanding of mathematical concepts between students with introverted and extroverted personalities. Students with introverted personalities show good ability to meet indicators 1, 3, and 5. This indicator includes the ability to restate a concept, provide examples and non-examples of a concept, and apply concepts or logarithms in problem solving. Students with extroverted personalities, on the other hand, excel in indicators 1, 2, and 4. This indicator includes the ability to restate a concept, classify objects according to the concept, and use and choose certain procedures or operations in solving problems. This study provides insight that the understanding of mathematical concepts is not only influenced by cognitive abilities alone, but also by students' personality factors. Introverted and extroverted personalities affect the way they absorb and apply mathematical concepts. Therefore, it is important for educators to pay attention to these differences in designing teaching approaches that suit the characteristics of the students.

The public’s demand for excellent service encourages the government to continuously innovate. In response, the Population and Civil Registration Office of Pangandaran Regency developed an innovation called the mobile service pickup program. This innovation integrates offline services to accelerate and simplify the processing of population documents, particularly in the issuance of birth certificates. The mobile service pickup program is designed to improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and transparency of public services in the field of population administration in Pangandaran Regency. This study refers to the innovation theory by Everett M. Rogers, as cited in Prabowo H. (2022), which states that there are five attributes of innovation that influence its acceptance: relative advantage, compatibility, trialability, and observability. The research method used in this study is qualitative descriptive, with data collected through interviews, documentation, and observation. Meanwhile, informants were selected purposively to obtain relevant and in-depth data. The research results reveal that the mobile service pickup program innovation has not yet been optimally implemented, with time effectiveness being a crucial factor for the community. Therefore, this innovation must continue to be developed to gain wider acceptance among the public.

Archives, as information recorded in various media, including cassette tapes, hold significant historical, cultural, and commercial value. These materials are classified as audiovisual archives. Among them, cassette tapes containing national and international songs form part of the collection at the Museum Musik Indonesia, located in Malang, East Java, Indonesia. As a self-managed museum run by a community of music enthusiasts, the Museum Musik Indonesia provides public access to information about its song collections. Given the large number of cassette tapes preserved, an effective information arrangement system is essential. This study recommends the use of a geographical classification system to organize the collection. Archive data is entered into a database using Microsoft Excel, allowing for structured cataloging and easier retrieval. This research employs a qualitative method, involving interviews with several informants from the Museum Musik Indonesia. The findings indicate that applying a geographical classification system in organizing cassette tape archives significantly improves the museum’s management capabilities. This system facilitates the rediscovery of archived items, enhances organization, and supports accurate record-keeping. Furthermore, electronic storage of archive information reduces the risk of data loss and ensures long-term preservation. The implementation of this arrangement not only benefits internal management but also enhances the quality of service provided to museum visitors. By enabling quicker and more accurate access to the collection, the museum can offer a richer and more engaging visitor experience. This study demonstrates that systematic archival practices, even when implemented with accessible tools like Microsoft Excel, can yield substantial benefits in cultural heritage preservation. The approach can serve as a reference for other small-scale or community-based museums seeking efficient, low-cost methods for managing and safeguarding their archival assets.

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disorder that leads to thyroid dysfunction and chronic inflammation, often resulting in hypothyroidism. The exact mechanisms driving HT are not fully understood, but recent research has highlighted the potential role of various molecular markers in the disease’s pathogenesis. This study investigated the roles of miRNA-375, miRNA-451, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in HT. Serum samples were collected from 100 HT patients and 100 healthy controls, and their expression levels were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results revealed significant alterations in the levels of these molecules. miRNA-375 was significantly elevated in HT patients (5.85 ± 1.30 vs. 1.0, p < 0.001), while miRNA-451 was markedly reduced (1.43 ± 0.22 vs. 10.91 ± 2.44, p < 0.001). Additionally, IL-6 levels were found to be significantly higher in HT patients (115.79 ± 12.62 vs. 21.34 ± 4.03 pg/ml, p < 0.001). These findings suggest that these molecules play critical roles in the immunopathogenesis of HT. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis further confirmed that miRNA-375, miRNA-451, and IL-6 are excellent diagnostic markers, with area under the curve (AUC) values ranging from 0.956 to 1.000. miRNA-375 showed 96% sensitivity and specificity at a cutoff >1.66-fold, while miRNA-451 demonstrated 100% sensitivity and specificity at a cutoff <3.48-fold. IL-6 also exhibited perfect diagnostic accuracy with 100% sensitivity and specificity at a cutoff >53.73 pg/ml. No significant variations were observed across demographic or treatment subgroups, supporting the stability of these biomarkers in clinical applications. These findings suggest that miRNA-375, miRNA-451, and IL-6 are dysregulated in HT and could serve as reliable biomarkers for diagnosis and potential therapeutic targets, offering new strategies for the management of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

This research aims to analyze the financial feasibility and marketing strategy of Etawa goat farming in Kaligesing District, which is recognized as one of the main centers for Etawa goat breeding in Indonesia. The case study was conducted at Setia Farm, a representative and active breeder in the region. The financial analysis employed several indicators, including Break-Even Point (BEP), Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Gross Benefit-Cost Ratio (Gross B/C). The findings show that the Gross B/C value reached 4.7, indicating a high return compared to investment cost. The NPV value was positive, and the IRR exceeded the prevailing loan interest rate, highlighting that the business generates significant profitability over time. Additionally, the BEP was achieved in a relatively short period, which signifies the business has strong potential for short-term capital recovery and low financial risk. From a marketing perspective, Setia Farm implements a combination of product excellence, adaptive pricing strategies, diverse distribution channels, and active promotional efforts. Their flagship products—mainly superior Etawa goats and processed dairy products—are positioned to meet market demand effectively. The farm also uses both direct marketing and digital platforms, such as social media and e-commerce, to expand its reach. Promotion is carried out through agricultural events, online campaigns, and collaboration with livestock communities. These strategies contribute to increasing brand awareness, building customer loyalty, and improving competitiveness. The integration of financial feasibility and strategic marketing supports the sustainability and growth of Etawa goat farming in Kaligesing. The results of this study can serve as a reference for livestock entrepreneurs, investors, and policymakers in developing similar agribusiness models that are profitable, resilient, and market-oriented.

Lymphoma is a type of cancer that begins in the lymphatic system, which is part of the body's immune system. The lymphatic system consists of lymph nodes (lymph nodes), lymph vessels, the spleen, bone marrow, and other organs. Lymphoma occurs when lymphocytes multiply abnormally. Lymphoma is one of the most common cancers, affecting approximately 8 million people worldwide annually. These statistics should not be underestimated, but should be taken into consideration. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge of patients with lymphoma and to investigate the relationship between family history and risk of developing the disease.  A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at a final center in Wasit Governorate, Iraq, from January 2024 to March 2025. Forty patients were included in the study, who were diagnosed with lymphoma and had their lymph nodes sorted. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire covering demographics, family history, and knowledge about the disease. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Excel, with descriptive statistics and chi-square testing applied to determine statistical relationships (at a significance level of ≤ 0.05). The study was conducted using a descriptive analytical approach at the Oncology Center in Wasit Governorate, Iraq, from January 2024 to March 2025. The sample included 40 female patients diagnosed with lymphoma. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire covering demographics, family history, and knowledge about the disease. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Excel, using descriptive statistics and the chi-square test to determine statistical relationships (at a significance level of ≤ 0.05). Most of the participants (61%) had poor knowledge of lymphoma, particularly about its signs and symptoms, risk factors, and preventive measures.