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This study aims to analyze the strategies applied by teachers in shaping students' green behavior in grade IV of SDN Sarakan III, Sepatan District, Tangerang Regency. The approach used is descriptive qualitative. The research subjects include grade IV teachers, students, and the school principal. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, and document studies. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research results show that teachers implement five main strategies, namely: (1) designing learning according to the objectives and characteristics of students; (2) encouraging active student participation; (3) presenting material contextually; (4) using Project Based Learning (PjBL) methods and the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) approach; and (5) habituating environmentally caring behavior in everyday school life. The implementation of students' green behavior has been observed in the aspects of knowledge, attitude, and action, although consistency still needs to be improved, especially due to limited school facilities and differences in students' levels of awareness.

In an increasingly competitive business environment, particularly within the tourism industry, an organisation's ability to innovate and design effective strategic planning has become a critical factor in sustaining and improving organisational performance. This study aims to analyse the effect of innovation and strategic planning on organisational performance at Kampung Coklat Blitar Educational Tourism. This study employed a quantitative approach, with data collected through questionnaire distribution involving 53 respondents. The sampling was conducted using a saturated sampling technique (census), in which all members of the population were used as research samples. The sampling criteria consisted of senior-level active employees with a minimum of eight years of work experience and managers at Kampung Coklat Blitar Educational Tourism. Data analysis was carried out using the SPSS software. The results of the study indicate that innovation has a positive and significant effect on organisational performance with a P-value of 0.006 and a T-statistic of 2.869. Furthermore, strategic planning also has a positive and significant effect on organisational performance with a P-value of < 0.001 and a T- statistic of 5.573.

The drainage system is critical infrastructure for managing stormwater runoff in densely built urban areas, including higher education institutions. This study aims to evaluate the capacity performance of the existing drainage channels in the UPN "Veteran" Jawa Timur campus area. The evaluation was conducted through two main stages: hydrological analysis using the rational method to estimate the design runoff discharge for a 10-year return period, and hydraulic analysis using Manning's equation to calculate the channel cross-sectional capacity in accordance with Permen PU No. 12 of 2014. Based on the assessment of 43 drainage channels, the results showed that 33 channels (76.7%) are still functioning optimally and capable of accommodating the design discharge. Conversely, 10 channels (23.3%) were identified as having insufficient capacity. This capacity deficit was triggered by initial designs that did not accommodate the 10-year return period flood discharge, increased runoff coefficients due to massive pavement development, and effective cross-section narrowing caused by sedimentation. To mitigate inundation issues, this study recommends redesigning the failing channels using an economical hydraulic cross-section, accompanied by periodic normalization and dredging for functional channels. The findings of this study are expected to serve as technical guidelines for the optimal and sustainable management of campus drainage infrastructure.

The physical work environment in the Aerosol Production Department of PT XYZ experienced problems related to excessive room temperatures reaching 37.3°C and chemical odor pollution caused by vapor recirculation from the coating oven process. These conditions potentially reduced operator comfort and concentration. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the Kaizen approach through the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle in controlling production room temperature and improving air quality. A quantitative descriptive method with an Action Research approach was employed. Problem identification and root cause analysis were conducted using the 7 QC Tools, particularly the Pareto Diagram and Fishbone Diagram. Improvement actions included the installation of turbine ventilators, aluminum foil roof insulation, and a 3-meter vertical exhaust ducting system. The results showed that the average room temperature decreased from 34.6°C to 27.4°C, representing a reduction of 7.2°C, while the peak daytime temperature decreased by 8.7°C and met the established threshold limit value. In addition, chemical odor pollution was completely eliminated. Therefore, the Kaizen-PDCA approach proved effective in improving the physical work environment sustainably.

This study examines the phenomenon of child marriage in Grobogan Regency by focusing on the relationship between child vulnerability and the effectiveness of child protection policies within a local context. Despite the revision of the legal minimum marriage age to 19 years through Law No. 16 of 2019, child marriage remains a persistent social issue. Data from the Religious Court of Purwodadi indicate that there were 562 cases in 2024, 463 cases in 2025, and 152 cases from January to April 2026, totaling 1,177 cases. This condition highlights a significant gap between policy formulation and its implementation at the local level. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study explores the multidimensional vulnerability of children, particularly girls, which includes economic hardship, limited access to education, weak bargaining power within families, and strong socio-cultural pressures. The findings reveal that child marriage is not merely an individual choice but a structural outcome shaped by gender inequality and restricted capabilities. Furthermore, social norms and community influence play a crucial role in sustaining the practice, often overriding formal legal frameworks. Although various prevention efforts have been implemented through policy interventions, socialization programs, and institutional coordination, these efforts remain fragmented and insufficiently integrated. The study concludes that addressing child marriage requires a comprehensive and multisectoral approach that combines legal enforcement, economic empowerment, educational access, and transformation of social norms. Strengthening local governance capacity and community engagement is essential to ensure more effective and sustainable child protection policies.

This study examines the impact of implementing the Smart City Program in Grobogan Regency on the social and economic well-being of the local community. The research is motivated by local government efforts, supported by the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology, to apply the Smart City concept in order to improve public service quality, community welfare, and local economic growth. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method focused on Grobogan Regency. The method enables an in-depth analysis of the local context and the implementation of the program, which covers various social and economic dimensions. Data were collected and analyzed descriptively and inferentially to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the program’s impact. The results show that the Smart City Program has improved public service efficiency, strengthened local businesses through business ecosystem development, increased financial literacy, and enhanced the quality of life of the Grobogan community. However, challenges remain, particularly inequalities in access and digital literacy. The findings emphasize the important role of Smart Cities in sustainable development by promoting social and economic transformation, inclusive prosperity, capacity building, and cross-sector collaboration based on the real needs of the community in a gradual, adaptive, collaborative, and community-oriented regional manner.

Food and nutrition governance is a central issue in subnational development, especially in areas with high agricultural potential but persistent malnutrition. This study analyzes how Grobogan Regency, Indonesia, implements food and nutrition governance through its 2025–2029 Regional Action Plan for Food and Nutrition Based on Local Resource Potential (RAD-PGBPSDL). Using qualitative policy analysis, the research examines policy design, strategic priorities, coordination mechanisms, and indicator frameworks, supported by secondary data on food production, consumption, poverty, and nutrition. Findings show that Grobogan possesses strong local food assets, including surplus production, improved dietary quality, and diverse commodities. However, major governance challenges persist, such as high stunting rates, maternal energy deficiency, uneven food access, climate-related production risks, and fragmented cross-sector data systems. The policy demonstrates a shift toward multisectoral governance by integrating food availability, affordability, utilization, institutional coordination, climate resilience, and local food diversification. Implementation may be constrained by limited operational detail, uneven agency readiness, and insufficient monitoring and accountability. The study highlights that effective food and nutrition governance requires institutional coordination, evidence-based planning, and adaptive public management. The Grobogan case provides practical lessons for strengthening subnational governance in Indonesia and similar developing contexts.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of implementing forgiveness therapy in enhancing the personal growth of inmates at the Tangerang Class II-A Women’s Correctional Facility. The method used was a pre-experimental study with a one-group pretest-posttest design. Nine subjects aged 20-40 years were selected from 50 inmates based on low to moderate scores on the forgiveness scale and the psychological well-being scale. The intervention consisted of six sessions adapted from the forgiveness model developed by Enright and Fitzgibbons. Data analysis utilized a paired-sample t-test and the N-Gain formula. The results showed a significant increase in personal growth scores from the pretest (M = 7.00; SD = 1.225) to the posttest (M = 9.44; SD = 1.424), with t(8) = −8.315 and p < 0.001. An N-Gain value of 0.610 indicates moderate effectiveness. The follow-up measurement (M = 9.67; SD = 1.118) did not differ significantly from the post-test (p = 0.347), indicating the sustainability of the changes achieved. Forgiveness scores also increased from 65.33 (pre-test) to 86.67 (post-test) and 87.33 (follow-up), confirming the role of forgiveness as a psychological mechanism for personal growth. These findings support the integration of structured forgiveness therapy into correctional programs for women’s prisons.

Regional autonomy provides opportunities and challenges for local governments to manage and explore sources of Local Own-Source Revenue (PAD). Grobogan Regency still faces fiscal challenges because its dependence on transfer funds remains significant, while the capacity of its own revenue needs to be increased. This study aims to map the potential and performance of local taxes in Grobogan Regency in the context of fiscal decentralization and efforts to strengthen regional financial independence. The research uses a quantitative descriptive approach based on secondary data for the 2019–2024 period obtained from the Ministry of Finance. The analysis focuses on tax effectiveness, contribution, growth, and revenue projection. The results show that local tax performance is strong, with an average effectiveness rate of 119.99%. The Specific Goods and Services Tax is the largest contributor, reaching 44%, followed by PBB-P2 and BPHTB. The average growth of local tax revenue is 15.68%, although growth varies considerably across tax types, particularly the Non-Metal and Rock Mineral Tax, which reaches 786.63%. Revenue projections indicate an increase to IDR 277.20 billion by 2029. These findings highlight strong fiscal potential in Grobogan Regency but underline the need for tax diversification, digitalized administration, and taxpayer compliance to support sustainable fiscal growth.

This study aims to explore the perceptions and meanings of maslahah (public welfare) values in the implementation of the Free Nutritious Meal Program (MBG) at SD Negeri 030413 Salak, Pakpak Bharat Regency, North Sumatra Province. Pakpak Bharat Regency records a stunting prevalence of 28.9% far exceeding the national average of 19.8% while most beneficiary families are low-income and lack adequate access to nutritious food. This research employs a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design through semi-structured in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation involving nine informants. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman interactive model with interpretation based on the maqāṣid al-sharīʿah framework. The findings reveal five integrated dimensions of maslahah: fulfillment of ḥifẓ al-nafs through improvements in students’ physical health; strengthening of ḥifẓ al-ʿaql through increased concentration and learning readiness; preservation of ḥifẓ al-nasl through early intervention against stunting; realization of ḥifẓ al-dīn through religious practices accompanying the program; and protection of ḥifẓ al-māl through reduced household expenditure. Overall, the MBG Program functions not only as a nutritional intervention but also as a public policy aligned with maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, contributing to the multidimensional achievement of falah.

This study aims to analyze the effect of the Open Unemployment Rate (OUR), Human Development Index (HDI), and zakat on poverty in Mandailing Natal Regency. The study employed a quantitative approach using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) based on quarterly secondary data from 2015 to 2025. The analytical procedures included stationarity testing, optimal lag selection, Johansen cointegration testing, VECM estimation, Granger causality testing, as well as Impulse Response Function (IRF) and Variance Decomposition (VD) analyses. The findings indicate that all variables were stationary at the second difference level, with an optimal lag length of four, and exhibited a long-run cointegration relationship. The VECM estimation reveals that, in the long run, the Open Unemployment Rate has a positive and significant effect on poverty, while zakat has a negative and significant effect in reducing poverty. In contrast, the Human Development Index does not significantly affect poverty, which may be explained by the presence of a development time lag and employment mismatch between workforce competencies and labor market demands. The Granger causality test indicates a one-way causal relationship from the Open Unemployment Rate to the Human Development Index. Furthermore, the Variance Decomposition analysis shows that poverty variation is predominantly explained by its own shocks (96.25%), reflecting the persistence of structural poverty. Therefore, policy synergy through employment expansion and the optimization of productive zakat programs based on business empowerment is recommended to accelerate poverty alleviation in Mandailing Natal Regency.

Technological advances and increasing job demands have made work stress a major concern in modern industrial environments. Noise is one of the physical workplace factors that may contribute to work stress. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between noise exposure and work stress among workers in the spinning department of PT X. A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed, involving 80 workers selected through purposive sampling. Noise levels were measured using a sound level meter, while work stress data were collected through a standardized questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test.Most respondents were over 35 years old (80%) and female (54%). The highest noise level was recorded in the spinning room (102.17 dBA), while the fiber preparation room had the lowest level (84.07 dBA). Most workers experienced mild work stress (86.25%), whereas 13.75% reported moderate to high stress. The Chi-Square test showed no statistically significant relationship between noise and work stress (p = 0.074). However, the Likelihood Ratio test indicated a significant positive trend (p = 0.021). These findings suggest that excessive noise exposure may increase work stress and highlight the need for effective noise control, hearing protection, and stress management programs in the workplace.

This study aims to determine the influence of work environment and work motivation on employee performance at PT. Bahari Bahagia Ria Jambi. This study uses quantitative methods. The population and sample in this study were all employees of PT. Bahari Bahagia Ria Jambi, totaling 76 respondents using saturated sampling techniques. The analysis method uses descriptive analysis. Instrument testing by conducting Validity Test and Reliability Test, also with Multiple Linear Regression and Classical Assumption Test. Hypothesis testing with t-test (Partial Test) and f-test (Simultaneous Test) using SPSS tools. The results of this study indicate that the performance description is in the very high category, the work environment is in the very supportive category and work motivation is in the very motivated category. The work environment has a positive and significant effect on employee performance at PT. Bahari Bahagia Ria Jambi, work motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance and simultaneously (simultaneously) the work environment and work motivation have a positive and significant effect on employee performance. The suggestions from this research are: (1) Employees should always maintain good relationships with each other so that the company's goals can be realized (2) Leaders should always provide encouragement so that employees can carry out their duties well (3) Companies should always pay attention to the potential of their employees and the efforts made to develop this potential through training.

Vandalism is a social problem affecting public space quality, urban aesthetics, and the effectiveness of public facilities utilization. Karawang Regency, as a developing industrial area, faces challenges related to increasing acts of vandalism targeting public facilities, open spaces, and government and private assets. This study aims to analyze preventive efforts carried out by the Civil Service Police Unit (Satpol PP) of Karawang Regency using J. Salusu’s public sector strategic management perspective. This research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive case study method. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation involving Satpol PP officers and public facility users. Data analysis consisted of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing with source, technique, and time triangulation. The findings indicate that preventive strategies have been implemented through four strategic management phases. In the identification phase, Satpol PP recognized vandalism patterns but lacked systematic mapping of vulnerable locations. In the development phase, institutional strengths existed alongside limitations in resources and innovation. In the resolution phase, strategies focused on socialization, routine patrols, and cross-sector collaboration. In implementation and evaluation, preventive programs operated adaptively but still encountered limitations in personnel capacity and public participation. Strengthening technology utilization, human resources, and collaborative governance is necessary to improve long-term preventive effectiveness.

Due to its effect on the caliber of generations to come, iron deficiency anemia in teenage females is one of Indonesia's most pressing reproductive health concerns. Adolescents' awareness to autonomously adopt preventative actions is shaped mostly by their knowledge. The purpose of this research is to determine whether there is a correlation between the prevalence of anemia among teenage females in Boyolali Regency and their degree of education. Using a cross-sectional design, this study employs quantitative correlational analytic methods. An accidental sampling approach was used to obtain a sample size of 80 respondents from the population of seventh grade female pupils. A digital POCT device was utilized to quantify the incidence of anemia variables based on hemoglobin (Hb) levels, while a structured questionnaire instrument was employed to gather data for knowledge variables. The Chi-Square test was used to assess the bivariate data analysis. According to the univariate analysis, 62.5% of the participants (50 respondents) had a decent level of knowledge, and 73.8% of the participants (59 respondents) did not suffer from anemia (Hb > 12 g/dL). With a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), the results of the bivariate test were generated. Anemia is more common among female students at MTs Al Ihsan Doglo who have a higher degree of expertise, according to this study. School districts should keep an eye on students' iron pill use and improve their nutrition education programs.

The rapid growth of e-commerce has significantly transformed consumer purchasing behavior, particularly in how information is accessed and evaluated. This study aims to analyze the impact of online reviews on consumer purchasing decisions, with a specific focus on the mediating role of consumer trust. A quantitative research approach was employed using data collected from 150 e-commerce users through an online questionnaire. The data were analyzed using regression analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to examine the relationships between variables.The results indicate that online reviews have a significant and positive effect on purchasing decisions. Additionally, online reviews significantly influence consumer trust, which in turn positively affects purchasing decisions. The findings also reveal that consumer trust partially mediates the relationship between online reviews and purchasing decisions. This suggests that credible, high-quality, and consistent reviews not only directly influence consumer decisions but also indirectly affect them by building trust.This study contributes to the existing literature on electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM) and consumer behavior by confirming the importance of online reviews in shaping purchasing decisions in digital environments. From a practical perspective, the findings highlight the need for e-commerce businesses to effectively manage online reviews, encourage authentic customer feedback, and maintain transparency to enhance consumer trust and improve sales performance.

Primary dysmenorrhea frequently disrupts the academic and daily activities of adolescent girls. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a 5-minute warm compress application in reducing menstrual pain intensity. A quasi-experimental study with a one-group pretest-posttest design was conducted on 42 female students of SMAN 28 Batam selected through purposive sampling. Participants applied a warm compress (40–45 °C) to the lower abdomen for 5 minutes. Pain intensity was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. Before the intervention, 42.9% of participants reported severe pain (NRS 7–10). After the 5-minute application, the severe pain category disappeared entirely (0%), with 57.1% of subjects shifting to the mild pain category (NRS 1–3). Statistical analysis showed a significant reduction in dysmenorrhea intensity (p < 0.001). A 5-minute warm compress application is a rapid and effective non-pharmacological intervention for relieving primary dysmenorrhea in adolescents. Its practicality makes this method a feasible self-care strategy to implement in school settings.

Evolving tourism trends indicate a transition among tourists from merely visual recreation (hedonic) toward transformative travel (eudaimonic), which is oriented toward self-reflection and the search for meaning in life. Museum Topeng Cirebon holds significant potential for transformative tourism due to its mask collection that is rich in life philosophies. The urgency of this research is to analyze these transformative tourism experiences to support the quality of tourists' intellectual experiences and the sustainability of local culture. This qualitative research employed thematic analysis with purposive sampling techniques, involving 70 respondents who completed a Google Form questionnaire, which was further supported by interviews and a literature review. The results from the pre-visit phase showed that initial motivations were dominated by hedonic tourism at 37.1%. During the visit, a transformation occurred; tour guides acted as human catalysts in building narrative engagement (62.9%), and the chronological, philosophical flow of the masks sparked an awakening of consciousness for 80% of respondents. In the post-visit phase, eudaimonic impacts were experienced by 91.4% of respondents, including an expanded worldview (37.1%) and a commitment to becoming agents of cultural change (27.1%). However, operational challenges remain, including inconsistent opening hours and a lack of digital self-information facilities.

Digital documents have become an essential medium for storing, managing, and distributing information in various sectors. Nevertheless, the risk of document alteration and forgery requires an effective mechanism to verify document authenticity. This research focuses on the implementation of Base64 and Pepper methods in a QR Code-based document verification system. The system was developed following the Waterfall software development model, which consists of requirement analysis, system design, implementation, and testing stages. A web-based application was created using PHP and MySQL. Verification tokens were produced from document identity data combined with a Pepper value, encoded using Base64, and embedded into QR Codes attached to PDF documents. During verification, the QR Code is scanned and the extracted token is compared with records stored in the database. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system is capable of verifying document authenticity accurately and efficiently. Furthermore, Black Box Testing confirmed that all implemented functions operated as expected. Therefore, the integration of Base64 and Pepper contributes to improving the security and dependability of digital document verification.

This study aims to describe Sundanese language learning discourse in the eleventh grade at SMA Negeri 8 Bandung city based on the components of learning discourse. The study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data were collected through observation using the non-participatory observation method (SBLC) and recording techniques. The data consisted of recorded utterances during Sundanese language learning activities, which were then transcribed into written form. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis and hermeneutic techniques. The results showed that the learning process consisted of opening, core, and closing activities using the Cooperative Learning model. The components of learning discourse identified included opening and closing conversations, participant cooperation, speech acts, and the nature of utterance sequences. The interaction demonstrated the use of quantity and quality maxims, locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary speech acts, as well as chained utterance sequences in the form of question-and-answer interactions between teacher and students. The findings also revealed that the learning process tended to be teacher-centered, as the teacher was more dominant in directing classroom interaction, although the communication remained interactive and supported the achievement of learning objectives.