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This study aims to describe the acquisition of phonology in three-year-old children and the language confusion they experience. The method in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The data collection technique used was observing, involving, and taking notes. The object of this research is the acquisition of phonology in children aged 3 years where the data is in the form of words spoken by children, while the subjects in this study are children aged 3 years. The research instrument used was an observation guide. The results of this study are descriptions of phonological acquisition in three-year-old children and the language confusion they experience which is part of a psycholinguistic study. The results of this study can be used to find out how phonology is acquired in children and to anticipate language confusion that may arise.    

This research focuses on efforts to improve vocabulary in deaf children by conducting an in-depth literature review. Through a systematic literature review method, this research reviews various techniques that have been implemented and recorded in the academic literature on vocabulary education for deaf children. The data sources are journal articles from 2019 to 2024, which discuss teaching methods and technology applications including the use of visual aids, sign language, and hearing support devices. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of various existing methods and recommend the most effective techniques based on empirical data. The results of the review showed that the integration of visual, interactive and context-based methods often provided substantial improvements in vocabulary acquisition in deaf children. Based on these results, the study makes recommendations for teaching practices as well as future research directions.

Hospitals must be able to adapt quickly and develop the right strategy to survive, to become a large and strong hospital is one of them by carrying out an acquisition strategy. However, the post-acquisition integration phase process is the most critical stage that often makes the industry fail in managing human resources and can cause employee anxiety to employee resistance. This research aims to analyze the influence of organizational identification and transformational leadership on employee identification and willingness to collaborate, as well as employee identification on willingness to collaborate in the post-acquisition integration phase at Grand Family Hospital. This research is quantitative correlation research. The population is all 127 nurses who work at Grand Family Hospital. The sampling method was random sampling and 127 respondents were used. Data collection used a questionnaire with analysis techniques using path analysis. The research results show that organizational identification and transformational leadership partially influence employee identification and the willingness to collaborate, and employee identification influences the willingness to collaborate. Simultaneously, organizational identification, transformational leadership, and employee identification influence the willingness to collaborate. Hospitals need to pay attention to the relationship between organizational identification, transformational leadership, and employee identification simultaneously. Integrating strategies and policies that strengthen these three aspects together can create a work environment that supports and motivates employees to work together effectively. Organizational identification, transformational leadership and Worker Identification have a significant effect on the willingness to cooperate in the post-integration phase of the acquisition.

Locomotor movement skills are movement skills that are often or even always performed by a person. During childhood, a child will start their locomotor activities through the family environment and then move on to the school environment through physical education. This study aims to measure the level of locomotor movement skills of students at the elementary school level. This study used a descriptive quantitative approach with a survey method. This study was attended by 46 students from elementary schools with the age of 9-10 years or grade 3 elementary school. The TGMD-2 instrument was used as a test instrument in this study. The results showed that locomotor movement skills were dominated by running skills. This result is proven by the number of students who obtained the maximum score of 31 students. In gallop skills, students experience obstacles with the acquisition of a minimum score of 19 students. Based on these results, students' locomotor movement skills obtained significant results in the run variable. Appropriate interventions still need to be carried out to improve locomotor skills in the gallop variable.

This research work aims at evaluating the importance of the introduction of spelling as a vocabulary strategy for students in the teaching of English as a foreign language at senior high school level, and how this can be a beneficial tool as input for the acquisition of new vocabulary, then a helpful means to produce a correct writing. To attain such an aim, the researcher administered a pre-test and a post-test. The former was intended to determine the pre-instructional knowledge of the graphic form of words, whereas the latter was aimed at finding out whether the spelling strategy implemented during instruction was effective in enhancing the subjects’ ability to write with less spelling mistakes. The test was interposed by two sequential lessons. The results of this innovative investigation have confirmed the hypothesis which states that if we train students to pay a careful attention to the form of words this would help them to spell them and write correctly. The learners under investigation proved to have learnt most of the vocabulary items of the proposed text.

Self-efficacy and learning difficulties are the basis of this study. The purpose of this study is to look for the relationship between self-efficacy and learning difficulties of Shiva Class XII Social Studies SMA Negeri 1 Juwana.      In this study the method used is quantitative with a correlational type of research, the population in this study is as much as 150. The sample of this study was 124 students who were determined by saturated sampling techniques. The data collection technique used the Self-efficacy scale and the Learning difficulties scale.Based on the correlation test, a sig value is obtained. (2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05, then the hypothesis (Ha) is accepted and it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between self-efficacy and learning difficulties in students Kels XII IPS SMA Negeri 1 Juwana. With a correlation level if viewed from the Pearson Correlation value of 0.657 which means the correlation level is moderate. Based on the F count of 92,879 with a significance level of 0.000, where the result can be interpreted as less than 0.5, it can be concluded that there is an influence between variable X (self-efficacy) and variable Y (learning difficulties) with a percentage of 43.2%.The relationship between self-efficacy and learning difficulties possessed by students is caused by the lack of self-confidence of students in subjects. The acquisition in this study can be said that if the self-efficacy of students is low, the level of difficulty experienced is higher, then vice versa if the self-efficacy of students is high, the lower the learning difficulties experienced by students.

This research investigates the impact of English language acquisition on transportation literacy among transportation management students. Through qualitative analysis of interviews and document analysis, the study explores how proficiency in English influences students' comprehension of key transportation concepts. The findings reveal that English language proficiency significantly enhances students' understanding of complex transportation topics, such as logistics, safety regulations, and multimodal transportation systems. Integrating effective language learning strategies, such as real-world scenarios and interactive activities, into transportation management courses can bridge the gap between language proficiency and transportation literacy. Additionally, innovative assessment methods, such as performance-based assessments, offer a more comprehensive approach to evaluating students' language proficiency and its application in transportation contexts. The study recommends ongoing professional development for educators, collaboration with industry partners, and the promotion of multilingualism to enhance transportation literacy among students. By adopting these recommendations, educational institutions can ensure that transportation management students are equipped with the necessary language skills to succeed in an increasingly globalised and diverse transportation industry.

This study examines the English textbook "English Class X for SMA/MA/SMK/MAK Revised Edition 2017" through the lens of Tomlinson's theoretical framework to ascertain its effectiveness in facilitating language acquisition. Using a descriptive approach and document analysis, the study focused on book contents, examining elements such as impact, learner comfort, confidence building, relevance, language exposure and more. Data collection involved examining the content of the textbook, while analysis included subjective and objective ratings based on Tomlinson's sixteen criteria for effective learning materials. Results showed that the textbook was generally in line with Tomlinson's standards, meeting fifteen of the sixteen criteria, including impactful materials, learner engagement, and diverse learning opportunities. However, the textbook was lacking in facilitating learner self-investment. In addition, the study suggests improvements in physical design to enhance attractiveness. The textbook "English Class X" overall meets the criteria as a quality learning resource with diverse and engaging content, supporting effective language learning. This analysis provides important insights for informed textbook selection that fit within a pedagogical framework, aiming to improve student learning outcomes.  

This paper explores the interplay between faith and reason within the Catholic intellectual tradition. It revisits foundational works of Thomas Aquinas and Augustine to provide a framework for understanding knowledge acquisition through divine revelation and rational inquiry. The article also addresses contemporary challenges in integrating faith with scientific advancements and secular ideologies.  

This study examines the impact of structured online collaborative learning (OCL) on foreign language skills in multinational higher education settings. As digital platforms become integral to global education systems, OCL has proven effective in enhancing language proficiency, especially in speaking, writing, and interaction. Using a quasi-experimental design, the study employed pre-test and post-test assessments to measure language improvements before and after engaging in OCL activities. The results demonstrated significant progress in all areas of language proficiency, particularly in speaking and interactional skills, owing to continuous peer interaction, structured feedback, and collaborative tasks mimicking real-world communication scenarios. The study emphasizes the importance of synchronous collaboration in fostering fluency and confidence, particularly through real-time communication and peer feedback. However, challenges such as technological disparities and cultural differences were observed, occasionally limiting full participation. Despite these obstacles, the findings suggest that OCL is an effective method for improving foreign language skills. The study advocates for the integration of collaborative online learning tools in language education curricula, particularly in diverse, multicultural environments. Future research should explore the long-term effects of OCL on language acquisition, address technological barriers, and investigate the effectiveness of various collaborative models in enhancing specific language skills.

This article explores the cognitive benefits of multilingual education, particularly focusing on bilingual children. By reviewing existing literature on language acquisition, cognitive flexibility, and executive function, the study examines how exposure to multiple languages can enhance children's problem-solving abilities, memory, and attention span. The research emphasizes the importance of implementing multilingual education strategies in early childhood education to foster cognitive development and better prepare children for a globalized world.

This qualitative study examines the acquisition and understanding of syntax in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) at the undergraduate level. The research explores students' perceptions of syntax, classroom instruction methods, challenges encountered, and the role of context and practice in developing syntax understanding. Data collection methods include classroom observations and semi-structured interviews with undergraduate students enrolled in EFL programs. Thematic analysis is used to identify patterns and themes in the data, providing insights into the complexities of syntax acquisition in EFL contexts. The findings reveal diverse perceptions of syntax among students, highlighting the need for tailored instructional approaches. Classroom observations demonstrate the use of various teaching methods and materials, emphasizing the importance of a balanced approach to syntax instruction. Students report challenges in acquiring syntax, such as understanding complex structures and applying grammar rules accurately, underscoring the need for targeted interventions and support. The study also emphasizes the role of context and practice in developing syntax understanding, with students valuing real-life examples and interactive activities. Based on the findings, the study suggests several implications for EFL instruction, including the need for diverse instructional strategies, an integrated skills approach, the use of authentic materials and contexts, and individualized support. Future research directions are proposed, including longitudinal studies, comparative analyses, investigations into the effectiveness of instructional strategies, and the exploration of technology-enhanced learning. By addressing these research gaps, scholars can contribute to the development of evidence-based practices that support EFL learners in mastering syntax and achieving proficiency in English.    

The increasing complexity of modern software systems and the growing demand for real-time data processing have significantly contributed to higher energy consumption in computing infrastructures. This challenge is particularly evident in systems that rely on continuous monitoring, analytics, and adaptive decision-making. Addressing energy efficiency without compromising system performance has therefore become a critical concern in sustainable software engineering. This study proposes an energy-aware software approach that integrates real-time analytics with adaptive feedback mechanisms to optimize energy consumption while maintaining operational performance. The research adopts a design science oriented methodology, encompassing system design, implementation, and experimental evaluation. The proposed system architecture consists of real-time data acquisition, intelligent analytics, and an adaptive control layer based on the MAPE-K (Monitor, Analyze, Plan, Execute, Knowledge) feedback loop. Experimental evaluations were conducted under dynamic workload scenarios to compare the proposed adaptive system with a baseline non-adaptive system. Key performance indicators included energy consumption, response time, throughput, and adaptation latency. The results demonstrate that the proposed system achieves a substantial reduction in energy consumption while maintaining, and in some cases improving, system performance metrics. The adaptive feedback mechanism enables the system to respond effectively to workload fluctuations, reducing unnecessary energy usage during low-demand periods and ensuring stable performance during peak loads. These findings provide empirical evidence that real-time analytics and adaptive control can effectively support energy-efficient and sustainable software systems. This research contributes to the field of energy-aware software engineering by demonstrating that intelligent real-time adaptation is a viable strategy for achieving sustainability objectives in dynamic and performance-critical environments.

Analyzing the impact of PBV, DER, and PER on stock prices, including the influence of PBV and DER on PER, and the intervening role of PER in the PBV and DER dynamics, this study involves nine pharmaceutical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, utilizing SmartPLS software. Findings indicate PBV significantly affects stock prices, whereas DER and PER show negligible impact. Both PBV and DER do not influence PER, and PER refrains from intervening in the interplay between PBV and DER concerning stock prices. Despite investor assessments prioritizing book value over indebtedness, the EPS-represented stock acquisition holds minimal influence on investor decisions, leading to PER's inconspicuous impact on stock prices. Contributions of DER and PER to stock values, implications of PBV and DER on PER, and PER's intervening role in the PBV-DER dyad have relatively small effects on stock prices. Consequently, the hypotheses, except for PBV's distinctive influence on stock valuations, are rejected in this intricate analysis.

In the era of globalization, effective cross-cultural management is crucial for organizations operating in diverse environments. This study examines the cross-cultural dynamics within Microsoft, a multinational technology company with a global workforce. Utilizing the frameworks of Hofstede and Trompenaars, along with insights into corporate culture types and organizational structures, the analysis delves into the cultural dimensions influencing Microsoft's operations. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how Microsoft navigates cultural diversity in its global business environment, shedding light on the formation of core values and organizational behaviors. Through an in-depth examination, the analysis explores the implications of cross-cultural aspects on human resource management strategies, such as recruitment, performance management, and career development. Insights gained from this study can contribute to Microsoft's sustained global success by informing strategies related to cultural training, onboarding programs, and global rotations. Ultimately, understanding and managing cross-cultural nuances within Microsoft are imperative for fostering integration, collaboration, and optimal productivity among employees from diverse backgrounds and for guiding successful expansions and acquisitions in culturally distinct regions.    

In an increasingly diversified business landscape, marketing strategies stand as a primary key to a company's success. This study delves into the marketing strategies of PLN UP3 Sidoarjo, specifically in boosting the sales volume of its electricity services. The research method employed is qualitative descriptive, involving in-depth interviews and analysis. The findings reveal a spectrum of marketing strategies encompassing product, price, promotion, and distribution/placement. Implemented marketing strategies such as service diversification, setting affordable tariffs, educational campaigns, and community partnerships have contributed to a stable increase in the number of customers. However, evaluating these strategies should extend beyond customer acquisition, also considering the increase in electricity consumption per customer. In conclusion, PLN UP3 Sidoarjo adopts a holistic approach that successfully enhances public awareness of its electricity services, augments the customer base, and improves customer service.

This research seeks to assess PT. BNI (Persero) Tbk's performance through the utilization of the balanced scorecard approach, encompassing financial, customer, internal processes, and learning/growth perspectives. The study, employing a descriptive method, focuses on PT. BNI (Persero) as the sample population, utilizing documentation techniques for data collection. Results indicate favorable financial indicators (ROA, ROE, NPM, BOPO, LDR), subpar customer metrics (customer acquisition, retention), excellent internal business processes (AETR, NGR), and positive learning/growth aspects (employee productivity, ETTE).

The film Habibie & Ainun 3 is a 2019 Indonesian romantic biographical film directed by Hanung Bramantyo and written by Ifan Ismail. This film is a continuation of Rudy Habibie (2016), a prequel to Habibie & Ainun, as well as the third film in the Habibie & Ainun series. If Rudy Habibie tells the story of young Habibie, then Habibie & Ainun 3 tells the story of young Ainun. This article aims to describe the film Habibie & Ainun. In this film we will analyze language. Linguistics are the elements contained in a language, whether spoken or written. All matters related to language are called linguistics. Meanwhile, linguistic rules are definite rules, propositions, or guidelines used in language. This film is being analyzed using a descriptive qualitative approach. The method of data acquisition employed is documentation, which consists of listening and taking notes. Based on the results of the analysis, a variety of language styles were found which showed comparative language styles, conflicting language styles, satirical language styles, affirmative or repetition language styles.

The financial condition of a company is accurately and transparently reflected in its financial statements, so the company needs to pay attention to the principles of Financial Standards (SAK) in business combinations. The presentation and recognition of goodwill by PT Astra International Tbk. must comply with applicable financial accounting standards, in order to create good financial statements and facilitate users in understanding the contents of the financial statements. The purpose of this study is to find out how PT Astra International Tbk. applies the principles of presentation and disclosure of financial accounting standards in its financial statements for business combinations. The data collection method used in this study is secondary data in the form of consolidated reports for the period 2020 to 2022. The results of this study indicate that the presentation of PT Astra International Tbk's financial statements has complied with generally applicable standards and has presented the results of business combination activities in the form of goodwill recording by PT Astra International Tbk amounting to Rp824 billion in its financial statements.

The aim of this study is to examine how PT Mayora Indah Tbk handles exchange rate variances and foreign currency transactions. At PT Mayora Indah Tbk, instances of exchange rate variances and foreign currency transactions arise from the existence of subsidiaries overseas, loans, export sales, and certain significant company acquisitions. The qualitative research method is employed, with PT Mayora Indah Tbk as the subject of investigation. The collection of data and information utilizes library research methods and information extracted from PT Mayora Indah Tbk's Annual Report. The findings of the study indicate that the treatment of exchange rate variances and foreign currency transactions at PT Mayora Indah Tbk aligns with the relevant PSAK. Nonetheless, the study is constrained as it relies on data from publicly distributed financial statements and concentrates solely on the account of other income exchange rate variances in the elaboration of financial statements. The researcher looks forward to improved and more intricate research endeavors in the future.