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Graphene is a two-dimensional lattice made of a single carbon atom and has extraordinary mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. These properties make it a very important material for a variety of applications, including energy management and electronics. This research adopts a systematic literature review approach to evaluate the role of graphene in improving battery performance and environmental sustainability. The results show that graphene significantly improves the performance of lithium-ion and lithium-sulfur batteries as well as sodium and magnesium-based batteries. In addition, graphene also has great potential for environmental applications such as water purification and pollutant adsorption. However, challenges such as production costs, toxicity, and scalability still need to be overcome for wider adoption.

The research analyzes to understand the influence of financial intelligence, financial literacy, business innovation and risk management on the financial performance of MSMEs in Surabaya. MSMEs are an important sector in the Indonesian economy, but many MSME actors still experience resistance, especially in terms of financial management. Data was collected through questionnaires from 60 respondents who are MSME actors in Surabaya, using a quantitative approach.  The research results show that the majority of MSME players have limited understanding of financial management, including financial recording and reporting. Even though financial literacy and financial intelligence are recognized as important, the results of statistical analysis show that these two variables do not have a significant influence on the financial performance of MSMEs partially. However, training and education related to financial literacy is still needed because it has great potential to increase the financial resilience of MSMEs in the long term. This research also highlights that business innovation and the application of risk management can help MSMEs face market dynamics and economic challenges. Overall, this research provides an illustration that MSMEs need additional support, both through training and the use of technology, to be able to increase their competitiveness and business desires.

This study aims to develop a color detection application based on microcontrollers as an intelligent solution for visual identification. The application is designed to accurately detect and identify color spectrums using a color sensor integrated with a microcontroller. A project management approach in informatics engineering was applied to ensure the effective design and implementation of the system. A qualitative descriptive method was employed in this research, including data collection through device testing and interviews with potential users. The results demonstrate that the application can recognize colors with high accuracy, making it applicable across various fields such as industry, education, and assistive technology. Supporting factors for the application's success include hardware and software compatibility, while the main challenges involve the impact of light intensity on sensor performance. Further development is recommended to enhance the application’s performance in more diverse operational environments.

Organizational structure plays a crucial role in enhancing the operational effectiveness of an organization or company. In the context of a five-star hotel, a clear and appropriate organizational structure helps improve coordination between departments, clarifies employees' roles and responsibilities, and optimizes operational processes. This study aims to determine the extent of the influence of organizational structure on operational effectiveness in five-star hotels. The research method employed is quantitative, using simple linear regression analysis. The findings indicate that organizational structure has a significant impact on the operational effectiveness of hotel employees. Specifically, the organizational structure, along with the work environment and shared motivation, contributes to 73% of the impact on employee performance.

Educational supervision is a training process that aims to improve the quality of learning and teacher performance. Implementation of supervision requires certain techniques that are tailored to the needs, conditions, and characteristics of the school. There are three main categories in supervision techniques, namely individual techniques, group techniques, and a combination of both. Individual techniques include classroom observation, personal conversations, and class visits, which aim to provide direct guidance to teachers. This technique is effective in identifying specific problems faced by teachers and providing solutions directly. Supervision groups include workshops, discussion groups, and joint training, which aim to improve teacher competence through collaboration and sharing experiences. This technique encourages innovation in teaching and creates a culture of learning among educators. In addition, a combination of individual and group techniques, such as mutual observation or project-based training, can provide more comprehensive results. The application of supervision techniques must be carried out in a planned and sustainable manner with the principles of involvement, openness, and training. Effective supervision also requires technological support to facilitate data collection and evaluation, such as using learning videos or analytical software.

The A* Algorithm is a path-finding algorithm that primarily uses weighted graphs and focuses on the heuristic values of nodes. However, while effective in generating a near-optimal path in a static environment, the traditional algorithm faces limitations in navigating dynamic environments, often resulting in collisions due to its inability to recognize dynamic and moving obstacles. This limitation makes it inefficient especially in complex environments with real-world scenarios. To address these limitations, an Enhanced A* Algorithm is proposed. This algorithm utilizes Navigation Mesh data structure to generate a more optimal route with local path planning and to dynamically adjust the parameters in two-dimensional non-grid environments. The performance of the algorithms was evaluated using 12 benchmarks, each corresponding to a distinct test case and levels of complexity. Then, in terms of dynamic obstacle avoidance, a comparison between the Enhanced A* Algorithm and the traditional algorithm was conducted. Statistical analyses were also performed to assess the consistency and validity of the findings. The results demonstrated that the Enhanced A* Algorithm successfully avoided all dynamic obstacles and moving objects encountered along the path in all distinct test cases. In contrast to the traditional algorithm, which achieved an average obstacle avoidance rate of 8.33%, the enhanced algorithm consistently demonstrated a 100% average obstacle avoidance rate. The enhanced algorithm outperformed the traditional A* algorithm in generating a path in a complex environment by exhibiting optimal dynamic obstacle recognition and avoidance. The Enhanced A* Algorithm is subsequently applied to autonomous vehicle parking, following standard parking restriction laws.

Power system protection plays a crucial role in maintaining the reliability and security of electricity distribution. This study discusses the analysis of coordination between overcurrent relays (OCR) and ground fault relays (GFR) on the Miwon Substation power line. The study aims to determine the optimal setting values ​​for OCR and GFR, so that they can detect and disconnect short circuit faults quickly and accurately. The approach used includes theoretical calculations and simulations to evaluate relay performance under various fault conditions. The results of the study reveal that with appropriate settings, the relay can operate selectively and efficiently, reducing the impact of disturbances and maintaining the stability of the power system.

The Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA), while effective in solving complex optimization problems, faces limitations in random population initialization and reliance on fixed parameters. Random initialization of the population often results in clustered solutions, resulting in uneven exploration of the search space and hindering effective global optimization. Furthermore, the use of fixed values for discovery rate and step size creates a trade-off between solution accuracy and convergence speed. To address these limitations, an Enhanced Cuckoo Search Algorithm (ECSA) is proposed. This algorithm utilizes the Sobol Sequence to generate a more uniformly distributed initial population and incorporates Cosine Annealing with Warm Restarts to dynamically adjust the parameters. The performance of the algorithms was evaluated on 13 benchmark functions (7 unimodal, 6 multimodal). Statistical analyses were conducted to determine the significance and consistency of the results. The ECSA outperforms the CSA in 11 out of 13 benchmark functions with a mean fitness improvement of 30% across all functions, achieving 35% for unimodal functions and 24% for multimodal functions. The enhanced algorithm demonstrated increased convergence efficiency, indicating its superiority to the CSA in solving a variety of optimization problems. The ECSA is subsequently applied to optimize earthquake evacuation space allocation in Intramuros, Manila.

Signature verification is crucial for confirming the authenticity of identities in both administrative and financial transactions, where signature forgery can lead to significant security risks. The Harris Corner Detector Algorithm is a widely used method for feature extraction in image processing; its application spans various domains, such as detection of signature forgery. While effective in identifying key features, noise significantly affects performance, especially with impulse noise like salt-and-pepper noise commonly found in signature images. To solve this problem, this study enhances the Harris Corner Detector Algorithm by applying a median filter before gradient calculation. This method removes noise without sacrificing the integrity of key features important in signature forgery detection. The study evaluates the original and the enhanced algorithm using standard image quality metrics. Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) surged from an average of 13.6 dB to 43.28 dB, the Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) improved significantly from 78% to 94%, and the Mean Squared Error (MSE) dropped substantially from 16.74 to 3.84. These advancements resulted in a more reliable algorithm, exhibiting excellent resistance to noise while maintaining image structure, making the enhanced algorithm highly effective for accurate signature forgery detection.

This research aims to evaluate the impact of time management and activeness in organizations on the academic achievement of Economics Education students at PGRI Wiranegara University. Using a quantitative approach, data was collected through questionnaires given to 60 students and analyzed using the multiple linear regression method. The results of the analysis show that there is a significant positive relationship between good time management and active participation in organizations on student academic achievement. These findings emphasize the importance of personal discipline and extracurricular activities in supporting academic success.

Human resources that are kinejaa person includes the mind and physical power that become an important element in an organization. In other words, the success of an organization depens largely on the performance of its employees, but in reality in schools employee performance is stil relatively low, this can be seen from the less effective working hours (not on time), and responsibility for tasks that are still lacking. Therefore, the principal and researchers are trying to find out what most affects the motivation and discipline of employees, so that employees performance problems that often occurin the organization or institution in the school can be solved, if it can not be resolved at least thereis an improvement in performance. This study aims to find out the influence of improving human resource performance through motivation and discipline in the work environment and to find out whether there are inhibitory factors and support the improvement of human resource performance through motivation and discipline in the work environment. Respondents in this study were selected using the proposiv sample method by distributing questionnaires to as many as 53 employees. It can be explained that the positive is claused by the work environment, discipline and work motivation. There is a significant positive influence of the work environment, discipline, and work motivation together on the performance of Human Resources.

This study aims to identify the influence of work facilities, workspace layout, and team building on employee performance. Using descriptive quantitative research methods, this study involved employees from two companies: PT Borobudur, Prambanan, and Ratu Boko Temple Tourism Park and PT Naisha Inspirasi Muslimah Yogyakarta. The sample consisted of 80 people, with 40 employees from each company. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed in the form of a paper survey. Analyses were conducted using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 23.0 to test validity, reliability, multicollinearity, basic assumptions, and multiple linear regression. The research findings show that (1) work facilities have a positive and significant effect on employee performance, (2) work layout has a negative and insignificant effect, (3) team building has a positive and significant effect, and (4) the three variables simultaneously have a significant effect on employee performance.

The aim of this research is to determine the performance of government officials in implementing effective governance in Tanjung Unggat Village, Tanjungpinang City. This research uses descriptive analysis methods with a qualitative approach. This research was also obtained from the results of interviews, questionnaires and observations. As well as carrying out data analysis in a structured and systematic manner, according to the focus of the problem using performance appraisal theory. The results obtained from this research are that the performance of employees at the Tanjung Unggat Subdistrict Office, in terms of serving the community, has good performance, which can be measured through several indicators such as subdistrict office employees obeying work rules, being able to work together to carry out various activities within an organization including decision making, measuring work results, and interaction with existing regulations. And employees show that the services provided to the community are always carried out seriously, politely, with a sense of responsibility and ethics.

This study aims to explore the role of school principals in enhancing teacher performance through the utilization of the Platform Merdeka Mengajar, a digital tool introduced by the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture to improve the quality of teaching and learning. The research was conducted at SMP N 4 Jombang, employing a qualitative approach with a case study design to gain an in-depth understanding of how principals support teachers in using this platform effectively. Data were collected through interviews with principals and teachers, as well as classroom observations. The findings indicate that the principal’s leadership, underpinned by managerial competencies such as planning, organizing, supervising, and human resource development, plays a critical role in facilitating the integration of technology into teaching practices. Principals provided technical support, organized training sessions, motivated teachers, and created a collaborative environment to enhance the use of the platform. Additionally, the study found that the Platform Merdeka Mengajar positively impacted teacher creativity and the quality of learning interactions. However, the study also highlights challenges, such as limited technological infrastructure and the varying levels of digital literacy among teachers. The results underscore the importance of strong leadership in educational technology implementation and offer insights into effective strategies for enhancing teacher performance through digital platforms. The study also identifies limitations related to its sample size and scope and suggests avenues for future research on long-term impacts and the role of external factors in educational technology adoption.

This study aims to describe and analyze the implementation of Deming Model-based performance management (PDCA) in PT. Bintan Jaya Samudra.  The research uses a type of descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out through observation and interviews. The sample used was purposive sampling. The informant in this study is Mr. Ruslan Jumas as the president director of PT. Bintan Jaya Samudera. The data analysis used in this study uses descriptive analysis using triangulation techniques and sources. The company plans by emphasizing discipline and carrying out internal training for each employee which has then been carried out and will later be evaluated periodically and followed up.  The results of the study show that the implementation of the Deming Model in PT. Bintan Jaya Samudra is not applied perfectly, especially in the follow-up section (Act) because this company only gives bonuses to employees who manage to achieve the target but there is no punishment for employees who do not reach the target.

This study aims to describe the employee compensation management system implemented in the Tanjungpinang Class II Port Authority and Municipal Office (KSOP). This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out by interview and direct observation techniques. The sample used in this study is purposive sampling. The informant in this study is Mr. Harry Priambodo, S.Pi. as the head of the administrative sub-division at the Tanjungpinang Class II Port Authority and Municipal Office (KSOP). The data analysis used in this study was carried out through three stages, namely data reduction, presenting data, and making conclusions. The results of the study show that the implementation of the employee compensation management system at the Tanjungpinang Class II Municipal and Port Authority Office has been running in accordance with applicable regulations and has a positive impact on employee performance. This can be seen from the regularity in the management of basic salaries, allowances, and work facilities such as BPJS Kesehatan, BPJS Employment, and supporting equipment. The procedure begins with performance measurement based on discipline and work achievement monitored through digital and manual attendance. The system also supports career development through Periodic Raises and promotions.

In recent years, the idea of leadership has changed dramatically to keep up with the quick advancements in technology, society, and the economy. Effective leadership has a direct impact on organizational productivity. A leader who properly manages human resources makes sure that workers are efficient and productive. Leaders create a positive work atmosphere, improve employee motivation, and give clear directions. Effective leadership increases productivity and helps organizations reach their objectives. Therefore, a leadership approach that emphasizes individual development is essential to enhancing overall organizational performance. In this study, the literature review approach is used. The results of this study of the literature suggest that inclusive, flexible, and technology-based leadership are all necessary for effective leadership in the current day. Employee engagement, well-being, and performance have all been demonstrated to improve under leadership that emphasizes personal growth and active team participation. Leadership that prioritizes technology utilization, interpersonal interactions, and change adaptation is essential to an organization's future success.

This study investigated the effects of different leadership styles on employee productivity in JUHEL Pharmaceutical Firm, Anambra State, Nigeria. The primary objectives were to analyze the impact of transformational leadership, evaluate transactional leadership, and explore laissez-faire leadership's influence on productivity, as well as compare these styles' overall effectiveness. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 66 employees through structured surveys. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and ANOVA were employed for data analysis. The findings revealed that transformational leadership had a significant positive effect on employee productivity, enhancing motivation and performance. Transactional leadership showed a moderate impact, fostering goal-oriented behaviors and structured work environments. Conversely, laissez-faire leadership was found to have a minimal effect on productivity, often leading to lower employee engagement due to insufficient guidance. Comparative analysis indicated that transformational leadership outperformed the other styles in promoting higher productivity metrics. This study highlights the importance of effective leadership strategies for enhancing productivity in pharmaceutical firms. It suggests that JUHEL Pharmaceutical Firm and similar organizations should prioritize transformational leadership development to achieve optimal performance. The research contributes valuable insights to the field of leadership studies and offers a basis for future investigations into leadership practices and productivity outcomes.

Information technology has changed the way educational institutions interact. Instagram, one of the visual-based social media platforms, has become a strategically used platform to create image, increase interaction, and disseminate information. Instagram is a tool used by Amikom Purwokerto University to disseminate information, both academic and non-academic, to students and the general public. However, problems such as unattractive format, inconsistent accuracy, and suboptimal delivery speed have been faced by the campus. The End-User Computing Satisfaction (EUCS) method was used in this study to evaluate the performance of Amikom Purwokerto University's Instagram account. Content, accuracy, format, ease of use, and timeliness are the five dimensions used to assess. The results showed an overall good level of satisfaction; the content dimension had the highest mean score (3.86), while the timeliness dimension had the lowest mean score (3.46).In this study, the researchers found that social media account managers at Amikom Purwokerto University can use strategic recommendations to improve the effectiveness of information dissemination. The findings can also be used as a reference for other educational institutions to use social media as a more interactive and responsive communication tool.

The main focus of this research is to examine data storage efficiency methods, algorithm scheduling, and resource usage optimization techniques. This research uses literature study methods and simulation experiments to analyze system performance. The research results show that storage management methods based on deduplication and data compression have significant efficiency in reducing storage space requirements. The implications of this research include improving cloud system performance and reducing operational costs.