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Indonesia possesses vast forest areas with great potential. On the other hand, before the establishment of the Indonesian state, indigenous communities already exercised control over forests in the Indonesian territory based on customary rights. Therefore, the existence and customary rights of indigenous communities over forests are recognized in the Constitution. However, in reality, there are still many indigenous communities that their rights to the forests they have managed for generations have not been fully acknowledged, one of them is Cireundeu indigenous community. The lack of recognition causes these communities to face issues related to their customary rights over the forests.In fact, the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia actually guarantees the rights of indigenous peoples regarding their forest. One way to realize that rights is by declarating customary forests for the indigenous communities of Cireundeu. This research examines the importance of the declaration of customary forests for the Cireundeu Indigenous Community in light of the rights of indigenous communities guaranteed by the Constitution. This research is a normative legal study. The approaches used are the statutory approach and the conceptual approach. The results of this research indicate that the declaration of customary forests for the indigenous communities of Cireundeu is crucial to ensure their constitutional rights to be recognized and respected, along with their traditional rights, to achieve well-being, particularly in terms of food security, to protect their cultural identity, and to safeguard a healthy and sustainable environment.

Racism took a different turn in the 16th century, impacting this generation's society. Through racist beliefs and thoughts, people divided society into divisions. This study was based on racism and white people's historical oppression of black people. In this study, we examined two novels that help to analyze racism in society, and the impact of these novels on culture was also addressed. The study described slavery in the 19th century and the colonial times of Nigerian tribes. Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn offered an American perspective on racism vs. the African setting of Things Fall Apart. During the 19th century, Nigerian people faced colonization that impacted the culture and behaviour of indigenous people. In this study, different aspects of racism and the effects of racism on black people were examined. This study also showed that the British invasion forced marginalization in every element of Igbo society, ranging from traditional values to religious and gender roles; this study aims to discuss the differences in the perspective of racism by analyzing Things Fall Apart and The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn. These two pieces of literature helped to develop better concepts and aspects of racism in the social setting and highlighted the racism between white and black people.

Racism took a different turn in the 16th century, impacting this generation's society. Through racist beliefs and thoughts, people divided society into divisions. This study was based on racism and white people's historical oppression of black people. In this study, we examined two novels that help to analyze racism in society, and the impact of these novels on culture was also addressed. The study described slavery in the 19th century and the colonial times of Nigerian tribes. Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn offered an American perspective on racism vs. the African setting of Things Fall Apart. During the 19th century, Nigerian people faced colonization that impacted the culture and behaviour of indigenous people. In this study, different aspects of racism and the effects of racism on black people were examined. This study also showed that the British invasion forced marginalization in every element of Igbo society, ranging from traditional values to religious and gender roles; this study aims to discuss the differences in the perspective of racism by analyzing Things Fall Apart and The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn. These two pieces of literature helped to develop better concepts and aspects of racism in the social setting and highlighted the racism between white and black people.

Documentaries have traditionally served as a means to effectively communicate complex concepts and information in a concise and more accessible manner. Documentary films have a dual purpose: to provide information about factual events and also function as a means to advertise products or brands. This outreach activity focuses on increasing the capacity and abilities of MSME actors in Bandung Village, Banjar District, Pandeglang Regency, Banten. The goal is to help them effectively use technology to create engaging documentaries that can increase sales and marketing efforts through online platforms. Furthermore, the capabilities and expertise of MSME actors in Bandung Village, Banjar District, Pandeglang Regency, Banten, cover the entire production process, including pre-production, production and post-production.

Knowledge and understanding about how to use and apply social media in promotional or business activities for tourism actors or the public is very important. Some of the main problems faced by service partners are related to the use and optimization of social media. If the community or tourism actors already have an understanding of these things, their business can grow more rapidly. The aim of implementing this community service is to provide strengthening and understanding of management concepts such as marketing, use of digital media, to develop business for the community or tourism actors in promoting tourist attractions in Tlogokotes Village as service partners. The activity mechanism uses lecture and discussion methods as well as practice or simulation. Each session ends with a question and answer session to find out how far the participants' level of understanding is in responding to the material that has been presented. This community service activity was carried out in three sessions by each team member, and it was carried out well. As a result, service partners can have better knowledge and understanding of management concepts, because the response and enthusiasm of service partners to understand the material presented is quite high. As a recommendation, community service with this theme can be carried out with other service partners such as home industry groups, street vendor groups, traditional market trader groups and so on, so as to expand understanding of management concepts such as Sharia marketing, product packaging and financial management. business better.

Silungkang weaving is a traditional heritage of the Silungkang community, long recognized in Sawahlunto. However, this tradition is currently under threat due to the lack of younger generations continuing it, with the majority of artisans being over 40 years old. This study aims to analyze the existence and development of Silungkang weaving in Padang City, particularly concerning its products, motifs, colors, and weaving techniques. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that the interest of the younger generation in Silungkang weaving is very low, while the remaining artisans continue to use traditional tools and ancestral motifs. However, there has been some development in more varied motifs that are no longer confined to the old designs. The basic weaving techniques used also show variations from simple to more complex songket techniques. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of preservation efforts and innovation so that Silungkang weaving can continue to survive and evolve in the future.

This research includes research objectives to evaluate the effect of the traditional game Gobak Sodor on improving gross motor skills. The research method used is a quantitative method with a one group pretest-posttest research design. The research population was class IV students at SDN 1 Cipedes, the sample used was a purposive sampling technique with a sample of 16 class IV students. Data collection techniques were carried out through pre-tests and post-tests regarding students' abilities in terms of running speed. The research instrument used was a running speed test with a distance of 30 meters. Before the posttest, the researcher will provide treatment in the form of practicing the game Gobak Sodor. After the pretest-posttest is carried out, the researcher will carry out data processing to determine the students' running speed after practicing the game Gobak Sodor.

Indonesia is known for its rich ethnic and cultural diversity, one of which is the Minangkabau ethnic group, renowned for its strong ancestral traditions. This research aims to visualize the philosophy of "Alam Takambang Jadi Guru" upheld by the Minangkabau community through Islamic calligraphy painting. The method used is a descriptive approach with the exploration of calligraphy art elements inspired by the works of national calligraphy artists such as H. Purwanto Zain. The findings of the study show that this philosophy serves not only as a life guide but also as an inspiration in calligraphy art that combines traditional and religious values. The implications of this work are a form of spiritual devotion and an effort to preserve the Minangkabau culture, rich in noble values. In conclusion, the resulting calligraphy art is able to inspire the next generation to continue appreciating nature as a teacher and to understand the greatness of Allah SWT in every aspect of life.

The objective of this research was to describe what were the religious elements in  The Unholy movie directed by Evan Spiliotopoulus. The method applied in this research was designed in qualitative descriptive. This research used human instrument by himself. The data was analyzed by describing the elements of religion in a movie. In collecting the data, the researcher watched The Unholy movie and in analyzing the data the researcher identifying four religion elements according to Rees theory. Based on the result of data analysis, the researcher found out data that: The first element of religion was God (s) and forces in the public square were Jesus Christ as God and Mary as mother of God with 7 scenes found. The second element was sacred symbols (re) defining what was real were eight syimbols; Jesus Bible, Banfield Shrine, Jesus Statue, Mary Statue, Church, Cross necklace, Holy fire and touched of forehead, then both of shoulders with fingers and clench both of hands into fists with 8 scenes found. The third element was sacred stories connecting past, present and future were 3 traditions or sacred stories from this movie, Mass, story of baby doll Kern and the feast of immaculate conception with 3 scenes found. The last element was a community worshiping and acting together was Catholic with 2 scenes found. Therefore, the researcher found 20 scenes in The Unholy movie that related to the religius elements based on Rees’s theory (2017). In conlusion, the religion elements in The Unholy movie included belief, attitude and action in everyday life.

In the era of globalization, the empowerment of local potential has become increasingly important, especially at the village level. The village of Semar in Pagerwojo District, Tulungagung Regency, is a major dairy-producing area, with 60% of its population engaged in dairy farming. However, the Sri Wigati Dairy Cooperative (KUD), which has traditionally been the primary buyer of milk, is facing management issues, forcing farmers to sell their milk to private collectors with limited capacity. As a result, a significant portion of the milk goes unsold, posing a potential economic loss. To address this, a previous community service initiative taught farmers how to process milk into milk crackers, although these products have remained limited to local consumption despite their added value. Therefore, the focus must shift to the regional or national market. This community service program aims to: 1) enhance the competitiveness of local products, 2) empower the community, 3) optimize the value chain, 4) increase income, 5) develop a sustainable business model, 6) foster partnerships, and 7) improve community knowledge and skills. The outcomes of this initiative align with the established goals, marking a positive first step towards improving the welfare and economy of the Semar Village community.

Indonesia as a country that has many tribes has a culture with the uniqueness of each region. One culture that is still very thick is Javanese culture. Ketoprak as one of the Javanese cultures in the form of drama performances is still often held. Panji Anom is one of the Kutuk Village Ketoprak groups that still preserves the art of Ketoprak by organizing Ketoprak performances when commemorating certain days. As a village that is still thick with culture, Kutuk Village through Ketoprak Panji Anom tries to preserve Javanese culture. Along with the times, traditional culture such as Ketoprak has begun to be unfamiliar among the younger generation. The use of language and storylines that are difficult for the younger generation to understand make Ketoprak no longer relevant as entertainment for young people. The existence of Ketoprak art began to recede among the younger generation, for this reason Ketoprak Panji Anom through creation tried to revive the art of Ketoprak among the younger generation. Ketoprak art, apart from being entertainment, also holds a lot of learning and Javanese advice which is filled with philosophical values.

The purpose of this research is to create fine art learning materials for Adabiah 1 Padang High School's grade X pupils using Flipbooks. The background of this study is the lack of enthusiasm among students to learn fine arts using traditional package books, which are generally seen as dull. The steps of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation are all included in the 4-D model, which is the research approach utilized in development (Research and Development). The outcomes demonstrated how well Flipbook-based learning resources increased students' motivation to learn and helped them comprehend the ideas behind two- and three-dimensional fine arts.   The implication of this research shows that Flipbook can be an alternative learning media that is interesting and effective, as well as relevant to learning needs in the digital era. The conclusion of this study is that Flipbook has high validity and practicality as a learning media, which can be implemented in fine arts learning in schools.

The development of ceramic craft in West Sumatra reveals significant potential for productive economic sectors due to the abundance of clay. This study focuses on applying Minangkabau motifs as decorative elements on ornamental ceramics using the wax resist technique. The aim is to integrate traditional Minangkabau designs into ceramics, introduce a new decorative technique, and preserve local culture through craftsmanship. The method employed includes five stages of the art consortium: preparation, elaboration, synthesis, realization of the concept, and completion. The result is seven ceramic pieces featuring motifs such as “Pucuak Rabuang” and “Carano Kanso,” utilizing stoneware clay and wax resist techniques to create unique designs while enhancing appreciation for ceramic art and local culture. The implications of this work include improved understanding of ceramics and cultural motifs, as well as encouragement for artisans to incorporate cultural elements into their products. This work is expected to contribute to the development of ceramic craft in West Sumatra and serve as a study resource for art education institutions.    

Religious Tolerance: on the background of the many people who do not understand the existence of differences, appreciate understandings that are different from their own, which leads to an open attitude and accepts various kinds of differences, both in terms of ethnicity, nation, skin color, customs, culture and religion. This is all the sunnatullah that has become his stipulation. Based on the background above, the formulation of the problem in this thesis are: 1. What is Religious Tolerance in Islam, 2. What is Religious Tolerance in the Study of the Books of Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim, 3. How are the differences in the quality of Hadith in the Books of Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim. The objectives of this research are: 1. To find out the understanding of religious tolerance in Islam, 2. To find out the general description of religious tolerance in the two books in more depth, 3. To help provide an understanding of the differences in the quality of hadith between the books of Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim regarding religious tolerance. The research model used in this research is qualitative research, which produces descriptive research using literary sources. Researchers also use the thematic method. The findings of this study: Religious tolerance, found in Q.S. Al-Kafirun: 109/ 1-6, and there is a hadith explaining religious tolerance in H.R. Muslim: 2564, volume 4, page 1987, H.R. Al-Bukhari: 39, Volume 1, Page 17 and H.R. Al-Bukhari: 2076, Volume 3 Page 57. The similarity point of the hadiths of authentic bukhari and authentic Muslim is that there is no compulsion to embrace Islam, do not commit violence or ridicule among fellow Muslims or non-Muslims, while the difference is that the hadith is about religious tolerance there are more in bukhari traditions than in Muslim traditions, and also explain both rationally and practically.

This article explores the development of a curriculum for the Qur'anic literacy program at the high school level (SMA). The curriculum aims to enhance students' ability to understand and interpret the Qur'an, integrating both traditional religious education and contemporary pedagogical approaches. The study examines the needs of high school students in mastering Qur'anic literacy and how the curriculum can be tailored to meet these needs effectively. The research also addresses the challenges and opportunities in implementing such a program, considering the diversity of student backgrounds and the evolving educational landscape. The findings suggest that a well-structured Qur'anic literacy curriculum can significantly contribute to students' religious and moral development, preparing them to engage with the Qur'an in a meaningful way throughout their lives.

This study aims to describe the forms of Javanese language maintenance in the multilingual community of Cot Girek District. This research is qualitative descriptive in nature. The methods used are observation and interviews. The data for this study come from the attitudes of Javanese speakers that influence Javanese language maintenance. The findings of this research indicate that Javanese speakers should use Javanese among fellow Javanese, at home, and when playing with friends, read books about the Javanese language, learn new Javanese vocabulary, frequently use it in family conversations, participate in Javanese language contests or competitions, strengthen Javanese language teaching in schools, attend Javanese language training or courses, teach Javanese to children, use social media or technology to teach Javanese, use social media accounts and follow accounts that use Javanese, raise awareness and maintenance of the Javanese language by listening to and watching Javanese songs and dramas, communicate with native Javanese speakers, engage in cultural events and traditional performances, collaborate with Javanese culture enthusiasts, develop literature, and promote legal protection for the Javanese language as an important cultural asset.

This research explores the role of the Toraja Church and Tallu Lolona in integrating local traditions into religious practices. Through interviews, observations, and document analysis, we found that the Toraja Church has successfully created a harmonious model between Christian faith and Toraja cultural heritage. Tallu Lolona, as a spiritual leader, plays a central role in maintaining this balance. These findings provide deep insights into the unique dynamics between tradition and faith in the Toraja Church, with a positive impact on the spiritual and cultural life of the community.

This study aims to find out and describe the form of presentation of Dikia Rabano by the "Tukang Dikiu" group in the Jopuik Antau Marapulai event in Lubuak Alai, Kapur IX District, Lima Puluh Kota Regency. This type of research is qualitative research with a descriptive method. The research instrument is the researcher himself and is assisted by supporting instruments such as stationery and cameras. Data were collected through literature studies, observations, interviews and documentation. The steps of analyzing data are data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that the existence of Dikia Rabano art in Nagari Lubuak Alai is still appreciated and continues to this day. Dikia Rabano's art is able to influence society and become a symbol of a community such as the niniak mamak procession on Islamic holidays and bridal processions. The form of Dikia Rabano's presentation in Nagari Lubuak Alai is played by standing while walking along the procession of niniak mamak and bridal rows. The song sung in Dikia Rabano is a verse with Islamic nuances, in ancient times this song was believed to be a song of a mother in putting her child to sleep.

Wedding gifts, which used to be personal and called seserahan, are now commonplace in Indonesian society and must be present at a number of wedding events. In Javanese traditional ceremonies (for example in Central Java and East Java), seserahan are usually given the night before the wedding. These wedding gifts have a very promising opportunity if made into a business. This wedding gift making training from all kinds of gifts is open to women in Lebosari Village. The delivery method is by directly providing and making materials to match the desired quality. The trainer first provides the shape of the gift, then the participants are invited to make additional shapes. Participants will also learn about statue making techniques and the tools needed to make wedding gifts. In addition, training participants also get information about the cost of making wedding gifts. The result of this training is that it can make the community more enthusiastic in filling their free time by taking advantage of existing business opportunities such as making wedding gifts.

This inquiry points to analyzing the social capital had by the community in actualizing CBT in Lut Tawar Lake tourism, where traditions, culture, and conventions ought to be one of the social tourism goals that must be created. This social capital is within the frame of the part of community pioneers and devout pioneers in creating Lut Tawar Lake tourism, amid the existing differences. This consider is a subjective inquiry with a phenomenological approach. This investigation got essential information through in-depth interviews. In the interim, auxiliary information was gotten from composed data in online media, diaries, and books. This investigation contends that the application of CBT in creating the Lut Tawar Lake traveler fascination is suitable, since apart from being able to create the environment sound and lovely, it can make strides in the economy of neighborhood inhabitants.  Lut Tawar Lake can be utilized as a nearby intelligence esteem that can as it was be found in Central Aceh Rule. Based on the investigation comes about, it appears that the usage of CBT at the Lut Tawar Lake traveler fascination can create a sense of mindfulness, concern, and obligation for natural activists and the community. Separated from that, the solidarity of devout pioneers that have been created from era to era is a critical component in making a tolerant life between devout communities to bolster town advancement through tourism. Tourism based on nearby shrewdness must be created appropriately in agreement with the plans arranged. Nearby shrewdness can be created to attract visitors. Through the utilization of case ponders within the writing this article serves as a teacher survey of CBT writing to synthesize key components of victory, and future inquiries about can see at challenges in CBT.