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Children are the future generation of the nation that must be protected, especially when dealing with the law. The difficult navigation route passed by children who are suspects of criminal acts has depicted sadness in children that can disturb the child's mental state, in order to avoid this possibility, another method has emerged in child criminal acts, namely restorative justice (diversion) which is in accordance with the principle of ultimum remedy in criminal law. This study aims to understand the concept of implementing restorative justice which is associated with the principle of ultimum remedy, where this study works using qualitative methods and is sorted in descriptive, so that concrete solutions can be found regarding the matter being studied. The results of this study found a match between the concept of restorative justice and the principle in criminal law, namely ultimum remedy where criminal witnesses are the last step in handling child criminal acts. However, in its application, several obstacles were found, one of which was due to the different meanings of justice between the parties.    

This research aims to determine the effect of Return on Assets, Cash Ratio, Total Assets Turnover to Managerial Ownership with Product Development Costs as a Moderating Variable. This research uses the Pharmaceutical subsector company objects on the Indonesia and Malaysia Stock Exchanges for the 2013-2021 period. The data collected is secondary data with a documentation method in the form of the company's annual report. The analytical tool used to test the hypothesis is IBM SPSS V21. The sampling method used in this research used a purposive sampling technique to obtain 10 companies that presented complete financial reports, resulting in 90 samples. The analysis technique used is descriptive statistical analysis, classical assumption test, moderated regression analysis (MRA), multiple linear regression, t test, and f test. The research results partially concluded that Return on Assets and Cash Ratio influences managerial ownership while Total Assets Turnover has no effect on Managerial Ownership. The results of the research simultaneously show a calculated f value of 3.099 and an f table of 2.71, meaning calculated f > f table or a significance value of 0.031 <0.05. So Return on Assets, Cash Ratio, and Total Assets Turnover has a simultaneous effect on Managerial Ownership. Research results Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) shows that Product Development Costs can moderate the Return relationship on Assets to Managerial Ownership and Product Development Costs can moderate the Cash relationship Ratio to Managerial Ownership. Meanwhile, Product Development Costs cannot moderate the Total Asset relationship Turnover on Managerial Ownership. For further research, it is hoped that it will examine other sub-sectors and add other variables.

The purpose of this research is to analyze social media content marketing. This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The subject of this research is Instagram @bulogbisnis.jakarta. The method in this research is a case study. The data sources in this study are primary sources. Data analysis in this study uses thematic analysis. The theory used in this research is using Chris Heurer 4C theory (Context, Communication, Collaboration, Connection) The activities used in data analysis are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Based on the results of research processing and analysis, the following conclusions were drawn: The conclusion can be gained at the context point, namely the content uploaded by Instagram @bulogbisnis.jakarta is easy to understand in terms of meaning and communicative language style. The conclusion that was gained at the communication point was that the content uploaded by Instagram @bulogbisnis.jakarta was quite clear and accurate with the actual situation but received few comments due to the lack of creativity in the content, on the other hand the uploaded content still created a positive perception of Bulog's image and made a big contribution because it created new orders through direct messages and call centers listed in the uploaded content. The conclusion that can be gained at the collaboration point is that Instagram @bulogbisnis.jakarta has utilized the features available on Instagram to make it easier for followers to see the uploaded content and Bulog has collaborated quite well with Instagram @bulogbisnis.jakarta by reposting uploads from Instagram @bulogbisnis.jakarta. The conclusion gained at the connection point is that it has made improvements in the speed of response both from comments, direct messages and call centers and to maintain good and sustainable relationships with followers, Instagram @bulogbisnis.jakarta provides appreciation through giveaway content.

Menstruation or menstruation is a sign that the reproductive system and organs in women are functioning. Menstruation causes various complaints such as discomfort caused by excessive bleeding during menstruation and complaints of pain known as dysmenorrhoea. Around 55 percent of women of childbearing age in Indonesia suffer from menstrual pain. Non-pharmacological therapies that can treat dysmenorrhoea are warm compresses and ginger aromatherapy. The aim of the research was to determine the effectiveness of ginger aromatherapy and warm compresses on menstrual pain in adolescents. The research design uses a quasi-experimental with control group design. The intervention group was given ginger aromatherapy and warm compresses on the first day of menstruation, while the control group was not given any intervention. Data analysis used the Mann Whitney test. The population in this study were all class IX female students at Sriwijaya Middle School, Palembang. The sampling technique used purposive sampling totaling 30 respondents. The menstrual pain scale uses the Numeric Ratting Scale (NRS). The results of the Mann Whitney test obtained a p value of 0.001, meaning that there was a difference in the pain scale in the intervention group that was given ginger aromatherapy and warm compresses for menstrual pain in teenagers compared to the control group that was not given the intervention. It is recommended that health workers intensify education regarding complementary therapies in reducing menstrual pain in adolescents.

Data shows that motor development disorders are experienced by 5-10% of children in the world. Disrupted motor development can be an indirect cause of increased morbidity, poverty and in the long term can hamper the country's development. One effort to prevent gross motor delays in children is by stimulating them from infancy, for example by doing baby gym exercises. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of a baby gym on gross motor development in babies aged 3-4 months. The research design uses a quasi-experimental with control group design. The intervention group is the group that carries out the baby gym. Meanwhile, the control group did not do the baby gym. Data analysis used the Mann Whitney test. The population in this study were all babies aged 3-4 months at PMB Andina Palembang. The sampling technique used a total sampling of 24 respondents who were divided into 12 intervention group respondents and 12 control group respondents. The research results showed that the average gross motor development in the intervention group after baby gym training for 2 weeks showed faster gross motor development compared to babies in the control group who were not given intervention. Meanwhile, the p value obtained was 0.001, meaning that there was a difference in gross motor development in babies who were stimulated with baby gym exercises and babies in the control group who were not given any intervention. It is recommended for health workers to intensify education about stimulating gross motor development in babies, one of which is by doing a baby gym.

Children are the future generation of the nation that must be protected, especially when dealing with the law. The difficult navigation route passed by children who are suspects of criminal acts has depicted sadness in children that can disturb the child's mental state, in order to avoid this possibility, another method has emerged in child criminal acts, namely restorative justice (diversion) which is in accordance with the principle of ultimum remedy in criminal law. This study aims to understand the concept of implementing restorative justice which is associated with the principle of ultimum remedy, where this study works using qualitative methods and is sorted in descriptive, so that concrete solutions can be found regarding the matter being studied. The results of this study found a match between the concept of restorative justice and the principle in criminal law, namely ultimum remedy where criminal witnesses are the last step in handling child criminal acts. However, in its application, several obstacles were found, one of which was due to the different meanings of justice between the parties.    

Bullying behavior is not a new phenomenon, but has been happening in Indonesia for a long time and continues to increase. Bullying behavior is mentioned as a form of negative action based on the misuse of power and strength that is carried out intentionally and repeatedly by one or a group of students who are offensive. This study aims to determine the relationship between parenting patterns with bullying attitudes in adolescents. This study used a correlational study method with Accidental Sampling sampling technique which obtained the research subjects as many as 132 teenagers.. The data analysis technique used in this research is descriptive analysis and inferential analysis. The results of this study indicate a significant relationship between parenting and bullying attitudes in adolescents based on a sig value that is less than 0.05, which is 0.039. This study also shows the Correlation Coefficient value of -0.216 (rcount > 0.1946), meaning that there is a low and opposite correlation between parenting and bullying attitudes. This value also means that the higher the parenting style, the lower the bullying attitude in adolescents. The results of this study indicate that the highest dimension is found in the bully dimension which indicates that the bullying attitude of adolescents is mostly shown through the bullying behavior that has been carried out by the teenager. The results in this study also stated that the parenting pattern that was widely applied by the respondent's parents was permissive parenting. Parenting styles play different roles in child development adequately and depend on children's involvement in bullying behavior.

Modern agriculture has experienced a significant transformation with the introduction of mechanization technology, one of which is the use of combine harvesters. This machine has a crucial role in increasing the efficiency and productivity of crop harvests, especially in the cultivation of cereal crops such as rice, wheat and corn. This research aims to determine the effect of using a combine harvester on lowland rice productivity. This research was carried out from September to October 2023 in Tanjung Alai Village. The data analysis used in this research is linear regression analysis to analyze the effect of yield loss due to the use of a Combine Harvester (CH) on productivity. The research results showed that the use of a Combine Harvester in Tanjung Alai Village, Mukomuko Regency was able to increase rice productivity by 487.56 kg/ha (11.21%) compared to harvesting without using a Combine Harvester. The T Test results show a significant value of 0.000, meaning that the significant value ˂ ɑ 0.05 indicates that the yield loss variable when harvesting using a Combine Harvester has a real or significant effect on rice productivity. Based on the regression equation formed, every 1% reduction in yield loss when harvesting using a Combine Harvester will increase rice productivity by 79,221 kg

Language disorders mean obstacles, obstacles, and something that causes a person's inability to pronounce articulation sounds, or words to express, say, and convey thoughts, ideas, and feelings. This study aims to describe language disorders in mild autistic children aged 13 years. This research was conducted using a descriptive qualitative method. The data in this study are the results of a 13-year-old conversation with a subject with mild autistic disorder with the initials "Y" and currently occupying a 5th grade school at the Special School in Lebak Bulus. The data in the study were collected using the engaged listening technique, recording technique, and note taking technique. Based on the results of the study, the subject has many language disorders which cause difficulty communicating, so that other people do not understand the language used, and the subject alternates phonemes so that the meaning of the words spoken are different from what should be said so that other people cannot understand.    

This research focuses on the role of the Barikan Tradition in strengthening social solidarity among the community, highlighting how this cultural and religious practice serves as a bond between community members. Additionally, the study aims to explore the religious meanings embedded in the Barikan Tradition from the local community's perspective, as well as its influence on the formation of collective identity. A qualitative approach using ethnographic methods was employed to deeply examine the religious meanings and functions of the Barikan Tradition and its social impact on the community. The findings indicate that the Barikan Tradition is understood as an effort to maintain balance between the spiritual and material worlds, between traditional values and the demands of modernization. This tradition plays a significant role in reinforcing social solidarity, preserving collective identity, and helping the community adapt to social changes. Furthermore, the Barikan Tradition reflects religious syncretism, where a fusion of local beliefs with religion occurs. As a religious rite passed down through generations, Barikan not only functions as a symbolic ritual but also as a reflection of spirituality and community values. In the context of the sociology of religion, this tradition plays an important role in strengthening collective consciousness and preserving religious values amid the challenges of globalization and modernization.

Community-based childbirth assistance (MPPBM) is an important approach in efforts to reduce maternal and infant mortality rates. Health cadres have a strategic role in assisting pregnant women and facilitating referrals to health facilities. This study aims to explore the knowledge and meaning of health cadres related to community-based childbirth assistance. This study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive phenomenological design involving 8 cadres in the Baloi Permai Health Center work area. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using the Colaizzi phenomenological analysis method. The results showed five main themes that describe the knowledge and meaning of assistance according to cadres: Assistance as a form of social concern, Knowledge of pregnancy danger signs and referrals, Assistance as a form of spiritual and emotional service, Challenges in carrying out the role as a companion, and Expectations for health system support. These findings can be used to improve the quality of cadre training and strengthen community-based assistance policies.

Most dairy farmers in our country still rely on human labor to monitor the condition of their farm areas. The current problem is the manual security system for barns, meaning that the barns need to be constantly checked around the area at all times. This is especially risky at night, when livestock theft is more likely to occur. This research implements PIR sensor technology to monitor movements around the barn, MC-38 magnetic sensors for gate security, and utilizes Android smartphones as devices to display barn data processing results, allowing real-time monitoring of barn security. The research is conducted using the Research and Development (R&D) method by Borg & Gall, encompassing only six steps. The results of the system evaluation by experts show a score of 3, falling between 2.1 – 3.0, categorized as Valid. User validation results show a score of 27.2, also falling between 2.1 – 3.0, categorized as Effective.

SA survey by the Indonesian Ministry of Health found that 25% of fracture sufferers died, 45% experienced physical disabilities, 15% experienced psychological stress due to anxiety and even depression and 10% recovered well. Both open and closed fractures will affect nerve fibers which can cause pain and discomfort. Efforts that can be made to reduce pain in fracture patients are with one of the non-pharmacological techniques, namely guided imagination. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of guided imagination on reducing pain intensity in fracture patients at Bumiayu Hospital 2024. The type of research is Quasi Experiment research with a One Group Pre-test Post-test design. The population in this study were all fracture patients at Bumiayu Regional Hospital in the period 4 March - 2 April 2024, totaling 52 people and the sample was taken using a purposive sampling method, namely 35 people. Data collection used a numerical scale research instrument sheet or The Pain Numerical Rating Scale (PNRS). The data analysis used is univariate and bivariate analysis. The results of this study show that statistical analysis showed that the difference in average pain intensity in fracture patients before guided imagination was 6.83 and after guided imagination was 3.46 with a probability value of (p=0.000), so Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted, meaning that guided imagination had an effect on reducing the intensity. pain in fracture patients. In conclusion, there is an effect of providing guided imagery on pain intensity in fracture patients at Bumiayu Regional Hospital in 2024.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the demonstration method in learning fiqh for grade VII students at MTs Nurul Islam, identify efforts made to improve the effectiveness of the method, and explore supporting and inhibiting factors in its implementation. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The subjects in this study included the Principal, Fiqh Teacher, and grade VII students. Data analysis techniques used include data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. The results of the study indicate that the application of the demonstration method in learning fiqh at MTs Nurul Islam is very effective. Students not only receive theoretical explanations, but can also directly witness and practice materials such as tayamum, ablution, and prayer, so that learning becomes more concrete and meaningful. Efforts made to improve the effectiveness of this method include an initial explanation of the purpose of the demonstration, mental preparation of students before learning, and reflective discussions after the demonstration. The supporting factors for the implementation of the demonstration method include: learning becomes clearer, more interesting, and applicable; students are more active and find it easier to understand the material; and increased student learning experience. Meanwhile, inhibiting factors come from limited facilities and infrastructure, limited time, and uneven readiness of teachers and students. This study recommends the development of demonstration methods on an ongoing basis with the support of adequate facilities and teacher training.

Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) has become a significant psychosocial and spiritual concern among congregants whose daily rhythms are shaped by social media visibility, comparison, and constant connectivity. This article examines FoMO as an object of pastoral counseling, not merely as excessive screen use but as a relational and affective pattern in which digital platforms intensify unmet needs for belonging, identity, autonomy, and meaningful participation. The study aims to construct a pastoral counseling approach for congregants who experience anxiety, compulsive checking, social comparison, diminished self-worth, and spiritual distraction because of social media. Methodologically, the article uses a constructive-integrative literature review, synthesizing peer-reviewed research on FoMO, problematic social media use, social comparison, self-determination theory, and spiritually integrated counseling alongside major works in pastoral care and practical theology. The synthesis indicates that FoMO is best understood as a need-frustration cycle that is amplified by passive browsing, online comparison, and algorithmic immediacy. Pastoral counseling can respond constructively through careful assessment, theological reframing of identity and belonging, digital habit formation, communal practices, and referral pathways when psychological risk is present. The article concludes that pastoral counseling is uniquely positioned to transform FoMO from anxious digital vigilance into discernment, embodied community, and spiritually grounded digital wisdom.

Writing skill is a hard skill among others because it has to be a concern more about it, and we need to follow some rules that related to every single step, they are word choice, coherent, correlation, and grammar. The students should choose the proper word to express meaning so that the readers catch what information they wrote. The information of each paragraph, main idea, and the argumentation of the researcher should be coherent. Grammar also plays important role in writing. The use of correct grammar will not be confusing the readers. Moreover, the error of using grammar will make a serious misunderstanding toward the readers. The successful of learning writing is not merely depending on the students, but it needs a teacher contribution to reach the learning of English writing.

Writing skill is a hard skill among others because it has to be a concern more about it, and we need to follow some rules that related to every single step, they are word choice, coherent, correlation, and grammar. The students should choose the proper word to express meaning so that the readers catch what information they wrote. The information of each paragraph, main idea, and the argumentation of the researcher should be coherent. Grammar also plays important role in writing. The use of correct grammar will not be confusing the readers. Moreover, the error of using grammar will make a serious misunderstanding toward the readers. The successful of learning writing is not merely depending on the students, but it needs a teacher contribution to reach the learning of English writing.

Character education is the process of developing students' ability to behave positively, which includes improving various skills that make humans become religious individuals and able to carry out responsibilities as leaders in society. At Madrasah Diniyah Pondok Pesantren Nurul Jadid, character development is carried out through religious learning. This research aims to identify effective learning strategies in improving students' character and spirituality through learning at Madrasah Diniyah at Nurul Jadid Vocational School. This research uses qualitative methods, which focus on natural phenomena or symptoms. In qualitative research, the researcher is directly involved in the process and interactions, capturing meaning from the participant's perspective, not as an outside observer. The learning carried out includes Furudlul Ainiyah material, which aims to equip students with the ability to read and write the Al-Qur'an, understanding of Islamic law (Fiqh), creeds, and obedience in worship. This approach is expected to increase students' spirituality and positive character, as well as prepare them to become individuals capable of carrying out responsibilities in society. Madrasah Diniyah has an important role in forming students' character and spirituality, making them better prepared to face life's challenges with a strong moral and ethical foundation. It is hoped that this research can contribute to the development of effective learning strategies to improve student character and spirituality in religious education environments.

Qur'anic interpretation is an attempt to understand and explain the meanings contained in God's revelation. In this study, the author discusses the application of two main methods in interpreting the Qur'an, namely the mutlaq method and the muqayyad method. The mutlaq method refers to a more general interpretation that is not bound by a specific context, while the muqayyad method leads to an interpretation that depends on the specific context of a particular verse or situation. This study aims to explain the characteristics of the two methods and how they complement each other in understanding the Qur'anic text as a whole. With this approach, it is hoped that readers can gain a deeper understanding of the dynamics of Qur'anic interpretation in a broader context.

Stunting is a form of malnutrition which is characterized by an indicator of height according to age. The TB/U indicator provides an indication of chronic nutritional problems as a result of a long-standing condition. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between feeding patterns and the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 12-59 months in the working area of the Gunung Tinggi Community Health Center, Sukaraya Village.  This research uses correlational research with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study were mothers who had stunted toddlers. Respondents in this study were 85 respondents, taken using purposive sampling technique. The independent variable in this research is feeding pattern. The dependent variable in this research is stunting. Data was collected using a questionnaire and the toddler's height was measured using a microtoise and converted into a standardized value (z-score). Data were analyzed using the Spearmen's Rho test with significance α=0.05. The research results showed that there was a significant relationship between feeding patterns and the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 12-59 months (p=0.002; r=0.326). The relationship that occurs is a weak relationship and the relationship between these variables is in the same direction, meaning that the better the feeding pattern, the level of stunting incidents in the working area of ​​the Gunung Tinggi Community Health Center, Sukaraya Village will decrease, so the feeding pattern must be improved. Therefore, nurses and other health workers must increase health promotion regarding good feeding patterns for toddlers.