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This study aimed to investigate the physiological impact of academic stress, particularly examination stress, on biochemical indices among college students at the University of Tikrit. A total of 60 healthy students (30 in an experimental group and 30 in a control group) aged 19-21 years participated in this cross-sectional study. Salivary samples were collected during pre-examination and post-examination periods to measure levels of cortisol, malondialdehyde (MDA), glucose, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The results indicated significant increases in cortisol, MDA, and glucose levels in the pre-examination period compared to the post-examination period, suggesting heightened stress responses. Conversely, TAC levels were significantly higher in the post-examination period, indicating a potential recovery or response to oxidative stress. The findings support the hypothesis that academic examinations can induce significant physiological stress in students, reflected by changes in salivary biochemical markers. These stress responses may influence overall student health and academic performance, suggesting the need for strategies to manage stress among students during examinations.

Empowerment of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) is a crucial strategy for enhancing business capacity and family economic welfare. This community service activity employed a participatory approach and continuous mentoring to actively involve MSME actors in all stages, from planning, training, to evaluation. The results indicate an increase in MSME actors' understanding of proper business management, systematic financial recording, and effective marketing strategies. Additionally, technical skills improved, including the ability to maintain daily cash books, income-expenditure reports, and manage operational costs and business capital. The impact of this activity is reflected in increased income, family economic stability, and enhanced economic independence of MSME actors. These findings highlight that MSME empowerment through a participatory approach and sustained mentoring contributes to family economic improvement, community economic resilience, and inclusive, sustainable local economic development

The purpose of this study is to investigate how religious education influences the development of a person's character in their early adult years. A person's identity, moral independence, and life values are formed during the crucial developmental stage of early adulthood, which has a big influence on their future. This study examines the role that Christian Religious Education plays in promoting character development that embodies Christian values like love, honesty, responsibility, and integrity using a qualitative research approach based on a literature review. According to the findings, Christian Religious Education is crucial for raising people's moral consciousness, establishing spiritual principles, and assisting them in overcoming social obstacles. Christian Religious Education helps people develop a Christ-centered identity, improves their capacity for responsible decision-making, and promotes engagement in worthwhile social activities by teaching them God's Word. This study does, however, also point out a number of issues that could compromise the efficacy of character education, including the impact of digital media and social settings. According to the study's findings, Christian religious education plays a vital role in forming morally pure and motivated young adults. To foster an atmosphere that encourages character development, families, educational institutions, and society must work together. It is anticipated that the results will offer useful insights for creating more pertinent and successful Christian Religious Education initiatives.

Grants are a form of financial assistance provided by individuals, organizations, or governments to recipients without repayment obligations. Grants play a significant role in social and economic development, including improving community welfare, strengthening economic capacity, and supporting infrastructure development. This study aims to analyze how grants contribute to community empowerment and economic growth while identifying challenges in their management. Using a qualitative approach based on a literature review, this study finds that well-managed grants can enhance the competitiveness of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), accelerate regional development, and support social sectors such as education and health. However, issues such as lack of transparency, weak supervision, and potential dependency among grant recipients remain significant challenges. Strengthening regulations, implementing monitoring systems, and ensuring impact-based grant distribution are recommended to improve grant effectiveness and maximize benefits for recipients.

This study aims to explore the dynamics of leadership regeneration in an ecclesiastical context with an emphasis on three main aspects: the urgency of leadership renewal, the escalation of conflict within the synod, and the contribution of cross-generational participation in the leadership structure. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative, which focuses on in-depth understanding of existing phenomena. Regeneration of ecclesiastical leadership is becoming an increasingly urgent issue in the midst of rapid social change, transformation of service orientation, and the declining level of involvement of the younger generation in church organizational structures. In the absence of a structured and sustainable regeneration system, the dominance of certain age groups in leadership may hinder the renewal of the church's vision and the transfer of relevant ministry values. Therefore, leadership regeneration should be viewed as a transformative and contextual structural reform, which aims to respond to the challenges of the times and prepare a more inclusive and adaptive future leadership. Conflicts in church synods are often triggered by the tension between the application of normative church ordinances and the complexity of interpersonal relationships shaped by the history and internal dynamics of the church. Rigid application of ecclesiastical regulations without considering the social context can trigger deliberative dysfunction and polarization, which hinders inclusive decision-making. In this case, managerial skills in managing conflict through dialogic, empathic, and reconciliatory approaches are needed to maintain the cohesion and legitimacy of the synod, so that decisions can reflect the needs and aspirations of the people. Cross-generational participation in church leadership is key to ensuring continuity and synergy in ministry. Collaboration between senior and younger generations can strengthen collective capacity, transform power relations, and create inclusive and sustainable leadership models.

This article analyzes school autonomy policies in Indonesia and their implications for educational quality. Studying schools with varying degrees of autonomy, the study examines the relationship between decentralized management practices and student performance. The findings suggest that while autonomy can lead to better educational outcomes, its success depends largely on the capacity of school leadership and access to resources. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for balancing autonomy with support systems to ensure quality education.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of assistance provided to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in business licensing and the implementation of modern management practices in Keruak Village. The method used involves a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews and participatory observation. The results indicate that the assistance has improved the understanding and capabilities of SME actors in managing business permits and applying modern management principles. This has had a positive impact on enhancing the competitiveness of SMEs in both local and regional markets. The study recommends the need for a sustainable and integrated assistance program to ensure the continued development of SME capacity.

Splazz drinking water depot is a refill drinking water depot and drinking water supplier in the Yogyakarta area which has a distribution/delivery route for drinking water to consumers in several different locations. The distribution carried out does not take into account optimal routes so that the costs incurred in distribution are not optimal. By Therefore, research was carried out at the Splazz drinking water depot to optimize routes and costs for distributing drinking water to consumers using the saving matrix method and the branch and bound method. The initial route for the distribution/delivery of drinking water carried out at depots based on days from the data collected shows a total distance of 66.6 Km to 35 delivery points. Processing the data using two different methods resulted in a route saving of 16 - 18% of the delivery distance with a total distance savings of 54.9 Km for the saving matrix method and 55.8 Km for the branch and bound method, the distribution vehicle used uses a modified motorbike with a carrying capacity of 5 gallons. Then calculate the amount of cost savings after saving the distance on the distribution/delivery routes, resulting in fuel cost savings of 16 – 17%.

Splazz drinking water depot is a refill drinking water depot and drinking water supplier in the Yogyakarta area which has a distribution/delivery route for drinking water to consumers in several different locations. The distribution carried out does not take into account optimal routes so that the costs incurred in distribution are not optimal. By Therefore, research was carried out at the Splazz drinking water depot to optimize routes and costs for distributing drinking water to consumers using the saving matrix method and the branch and bound method. The initial route for the distribution/delivery of drinking water carried out at depots based on days from the data collected shows a total distance of 66.6 Km to 35 delivery points. Processing the data using two different methods resulted in a route saving of 16 - 18% of the delivery distance with a total distance savings of 54.9 Km for the saving matrix method and 55.8 Km for the branch and bound method, the distribution vehicle used uses a modified motorbike with a carrying capacity of 5 gallons. Then calculate the amount of cost savings after saving the distance on the distribution/delivery routes, resulting in fuel cost savings of 16 – 17%.

Cone Penetration Test (CPT) is a method designed to determine and test the strength of soil layers quickly and is one of the most widely used testing methods. The aim of this research is to determine the resulting bearing capacity and determine the hard soil layers on the Padhang-Padhang campus of West Sulawesi University using the Cone Penetration Test (CPT) or Sondir field testing tool. The method used in this research is the literature study method and direct testing in the field. From the results of this test, the Cone Penetration Test (CPT) data from 1 test point was processed and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2019 software. The results of data processing and analysis were the maximum cone pressure (qc) value and the maximum number of sticking resistances (JHP), namely 650 kg/cm at a depth of 12.60 meters and 2496.00 kg/cm² at a depth of 15.00 meters. The maximum friction ratio (Rf) of 0.11% is at a depth of 14.00 meters, while the maximum Sticking Resistance Pressure (fs) value of 110 kg/cm² is at a depth of 14.00 meters.    

The granting of remissions for drug convicts is based on the condition of the house detainees who are overcrowded by convicts due to over capacity. Granting remission is not applied to drug convicts involved in large-scale trafficking cases, especially for big producers and airports. Tightening remissions for extraordinary crimes (Extraordinary Crime), especially for convicts of narcotics cases in Indonesia because these crimes continue to increase from year to year.The purpose of this study is to find out the legal rules regarding remission for narcotics convicts, the implementation of granting remissions for narcotics convicts in class II B Tanjung Pura prison and the obstacles to implementing the disciplinary law for narcotics convicts in class IIB Tanjung Pura prison. This research is included in the analytical descriptive research with the type of normatif juridical research using qualitative analysis methods. Based on the results of the research, it is known that the legal basis used in granting remission is regulated in Law Number 12 of 1995 concerning Corrections, Presidential Decree Number 174 of 1999 concerning Remission, Presidential Decree Number 21 of 2005 given for extraordinary events, Government Regulations Number 99 of 2012 concerning the Second Amendment to Government Regulations Number 32 of 1999 concerning Requirements and Procedures for the Implementation of the Rights of Correctional Families, Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 18 of 2019 concerning Amendments to the Minister of Law and Human Rights Number 3 of 2018 concerning Terms and Procedures for Granting Remission, Assimilation, Leave to Visit Family, Parole, Leave Before Release, and Conditional Leave. Implementation of Granting Remission at the Langkat Class IIB Tanjung Pura Penitentiary refers to laws and regulations that regulate provisions regarding remissions, during 2020 973 general remissions were granted and 1039 special remissions, in 2021 1145 general remissions were granted and 1135 special remissions and in 2022 1908 general remissions were granted and special remissions as many as 1147 people as well as obstacles to the implementation of grants remissions to inmates at the Class IIB Tanjung Pura Correctional Institution come from ; internal factors such as prisoner behavior factors, human resource factors, facilities and infrastructure factors and external factors such as legal or juridical factors, administrative factors, institutional factors, and community factors.

The construction implementation method is a very important part of the construction project to obtain the objectives of the project, the cost, quality and time. The technology aspect is very important in a construction project. Using the method of proper, practical, fast, and safe is very helpful in a construction project. Preloading and Prefabricated Vertical Drain (PVD) methods are intended to accelerate settlement and increase the bearing capacity of soft native soils by reducing pore water through PVD in the soil with the intention of reducing water content or air content in soil grains so as to accelerate long-term settlement. Preloading with PVD can reduce the material used for pre-loading, reduce embankment material, accelerate consolidation time, and increase embankment stability.

The research focuses on conducting a comparative study of social representation in two famous Indonesian novels, namely, "Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk" written by Ahmad Tohari and "Bumi Manusia" by Pramoedya Ananta Toer. The research explores the implications of the novel for Indonesian language teaching materials in secondary schools, which were revised by the Ministry of Education and Culture in 2018. These literary works, the abundance of value contained in social, cultural, and historical significance, are regarded as valuable assets that can enhance literary teaching with the aim of growing students' understanding of various aspects of Indonesian society. Qualitative methodology was used in this study to investigate how the integration of these two novels into the Indonesian language curriculum could enhance students' understanding of principles such as justice, identity, and social interaction. The study revealed that the inclusion of these novels in literary education not only expanded students' awareness of social and cultural issues but also increased their capacity for critical analysis and empathy. It is recommended that educators adopt an interdisciplinary approach when teaching literature, linking texts to broader social, historical, and cultural frameworks to facilitate students in developing a deeper understanding of their community and its underlying principles. The results of this research are expected to offer a new perspective on improving the curriculum of literature and pedagogical strategies in Indonesia, in particular in cultivating the social and critical awareness of students through literary studies.    

Early childhood Christian education is an effort to form children's awareness from an early age in fostering a passion for learning to fill and develop themselves, so that they have the capacity, skills and skills to fear God. The purpose of writing this article is to explain the importance of the role of Christian PAUD teachers as liaisons in increasing early childhood interest in learning. The writing method uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature review method using books, journal articles and internet websites as references. The results of this study are that through the role of teachers as liaisons they can bring about changes in children who encourage them to seriously participate in the process of teaching and learning activities at school. Therefore, the teacher's role includes: 1) creating independent learning, 2) creating practical learning, 3) creating democratic learning, 4) creating ideal learning, 5) providing appreciation.

Coastal areas are transition areas between land and sea ecosystems that have various potential natural resources, but the increasing rate of abrasion can be a threat to ecosystem life in coastal areas. The problem that often occurs in ecotourism development is excessive use of natural resources for tourism activities without considering the carrying capacity of the area so damaged mangrove ecosystems are often found as a result of excessive tourism activities and without good management. The service activities aim to: 1) provide college student with an understanding of the importance of preserving the natural environment, 2) plant mangrove seedlings in the Lantebung ecotourism area, and 3) introduce college student to the Lantebung ecotourism destination. Methods for implementing activities are socialization and Participatory Rural Appraisal. The analysis technique used is descriptive statistics. The results of the evaluation of the implementation of activities indicate the following: 1) increased college student knowledge in preserving nature, 2) increased college student knowledge about the impacts of coastal erosion, 3) increased college student understanding of the Tridharma of higher education, 4) increased college student knowledge about the impacts of extreme weather, 5) increased college student knowledge about the impacts of extreme weather, 5) increasing college student knowledge about Lantebung ecotourism destinations, as well as 6) carrying out activities to plant mangrove seedlings in the Lantebung ecotourism area.

As an embodiment of e-government the Directorate General of Population and Civil Registration of the Ministry of Home Affairs launched the e-Office system, this system was built to improve the quality of public services in terms of correspondence, communication between regions online or digitally, in its implementation there are various problems from the provider side Such services include long bureaucratic processes. The aim of this research is to analyze how Atandie e-Office is implemented at the Directorate General of Dukcapil, Ministry of Home Affairs. The research method used is descriptive with a qualitative approach and data collection techniques through interviews and observation. This research uses indicators of e-government implementation according to Indrajit (2005:13). The results of this research show that content development has been carried out for e-Office development since 2021-2022 and there will still be final development in 2023, competency building training that has already been carried out, The connectivity of the infrastructure provided is sufficient as seen from the large server capacity provided, but we still have to add a backup server, cyber laws, the legal regulations underlying e-Office are quite strong with Minister of Home Affairs Regulation N0.7 of 2019 concerning Online Population Administration Services, citizen interfaces Staff procurement is carried out approximately once a year in two ways, capital in terms of the budget applied for the construction and development of e-Office is sufficient.

Industrial development management must be implemented optimally by business actors, it is an absolute requirement for companies to be able to develop rapidly. The strategies implemented are certainly needed by business actors, starting from utilizing market digitalization, building distribution channels, to providing services that make it easier and satisfy consumers. This research was carried out at a home industry (UMKM) for Bintang Mas Mushroom Chips in Kauman Srengat, Blitar Regency. This research is to find internal and external factors and determine alternative strategies for developing MSMEs in the Bintang Mas mushroom chips industry. The method in this research is a descriptive analysis method. With interviews, documentation and observations at the research location. As a result of the research, several internal factors were found that encouraged the development of the Kauman gold star mushroom chips industry, Srengat District, Blitar Regency. The company has employees who are competent in their fields, utilize digital marketing, fast distribution, and a friendly and good customer service model. Furthermore, external factors include increasing company income, increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of business operations, and adopting various strategies implemented by competitors. Alternative strategies used by the company, namely increasing production capacity and quantity in a continuous improvement framework to meet market demand, expanding cooperative relations between companies and farmers, companies and customers, signifying various promotions, discount strategies for chips mushrooms on certain days, product packaging quality innovation that is more creative and attractive

Electrical installation is one of the important elements in buildings. Safe electrical installations that comply with applicable safety standards can prevent electrical accidents. This research aims to evaluate the electrical installation in the Palembang Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) Building. Evaluation is carried out by measuring and calculating several parameters, namely: voltage and current values, current carrying capacity (KHA), circuit breaker (CB) size, short circuit impedance, grounding value. Quantitative research methods were used because this research aims to evaluate the electrical installation at the Palembang Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) Building. Evaluation is carried out by comparing the results of measurements and calculations with applicable standards. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the electrical installations of the Palembang VTS Building generally meet safety requirements and comply with applicable standards. However, there are several recommendations that can be made to increase the safety of electrical installations, namely: The results of checking that the electrical current on the 7th and 8th floors is unbalanced must immediately identify the cause and repair the load group points so that the electrical load is evenly distributed so that power losses do not occur and result in damage to the existing electrical installation.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a global action plan agreed upon by world leaders, including Indonesia, to achieve sustainable development in all aspects, especially in the use of renewable energy sources. For Indonesia, the implementation of SDGs can contribute to the country's progress and development, especially in the use of solar energy as an alternative energy source. Solar energy consistently dominates the expansion of renewable energy capacity, making it the main focus of sustainable development efforts in Indonesia. In fact, solar energy accounted for 73% of renewable energy growth last year, reaching a capacity of 1,419 GW, followed by wind energy with a 24% share in renewable energy expansion. The emphasis on solar power and other renewable energy sources is in line with Indonesia's goal of becoming a fully developed country. The research method used in this scientific article is the literature study method. A literature review that focuses on a particular topic to identify a theory or method, develop the theory or method, and summarize its development. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to reveal that the role of solar energy in increasing energy efficiency is very important and is growing very significantly every year.

The urgency of this research lies in the importance of digital transformation in enhancing the quality of public services in Bima Regency. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach to explore digital transformation in public services in Bima Regency. The research subjects involve local government officials, SKPD employees, and the general public to obtain a broad perspective on the obstacles and solutions in digital transformation. The research findings indicate that the implementation of e-Government faces various significant challenges, including accessibility, digital literacy, cultural and organizational changes, official support, and budget allocation. Bima Regency requires an inclusive and affordable approach to develop e-Government services accessible to all layers of society, including those in remote areas and vulnerable groups. Digital literacy emerges as a crucial factor in confronting digital transformation, and structured digital literacy programs can assist the public and government employees in acquiring the necessary knowledge and skills. Cultural and organizational changes are also vital in adopting e-Government, necessitating organizational restructuring, capacity building, and continuous learning. Support from officials and public awareness are also crucial factors in the successful implementation of e-Government. With commitment from officials and public awareness of the benefits of e-Government, local governments can accelerate technology adoption and ensure widespread participation from all layers of society. Additionally, adequate budget allocation is crucial in supporting the development of e-Government, enabling the construction of robust technological infrastructure and enhancing service accessibility.