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Flight crew productivity is a strategic factor in maintaining flight safety, operational efficiency, and airline competitiveness in the high-reliability aviation industry. This study aims to analyze and synthesize factors influencing flight crew productivity through a conceptual approach based on literature review. The research method used is library research with a systematic literature review technique. The type of data used is secondary data in the form of scientific articles, proceedings, and relevant previous research reports. Data sources were obtained from scientific databases such as Scopus, EBSCO, Copernicus, and SINTA. The results of the study indicate that adequate individual capabilities, a high level of work engagement, a measurable KPI system, and a fair and competitive remuneration scheme have a positive relationship with increasing aircrew productivity. Managerial implications emphasize the importance of designing integrated human resource policies, particularly in competency development, a safety- and efficiency-based performance appraisal system, and compensation management oriented towards sustainable performance.

This study analyzes the effect of Village Fund Allocation (ADD) and Village Original Revenue (PADes) on village expenditure in the villages of Bone Raya District, Bone Bolango Regency. The research was motivated by two fiscal phenomena: PADes remained very small and unequal across villages, while relatively similar ADD allocations did not produce similar development expenditure outcomes. A quantitative causal-associative approach was applied using secondary data from APBDes realization reports for four villages—Alo, Bunga, Mootayu, and Mootinello—during 2023–2025. The data consisted of 36 quarterly observations and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression, t-tests, F-tests, and the coefficient of determination. The regression result shows that ADD has a positive and significant effect on village expenditure, with a coefficient of 0.844 and a significance value of 0.000. PADes has a positive but insignificant effect, with a coefficient of 0.065 and a significance value of 0.064. Simultaneously, ADD and PADes significantly affect village expenditure, explaining 56.7% of its variation. These findings indicate that village expenditure in Bone Raya District remains highly dependent on government transfers, while PADes has not yet become a decisive source of village fiscal capacity. Strengthening local revenue generation, asset management, BUMDes development, and participatory budgeting is therefore essential to improve fiscal independence and expenditure effectiveness.

The development of social media has significantly changed human communication patterns. On the one hand, digital media provides a space for freedom of expression, but on the other hand, it has also given rise to digital judgmental cultural phenomena such as Cancel culture and cyberbullying. These phenomena often give rise to verbal violence, public humiliation, and massive social exclusion in cyberspace. This article aims to analyze the phenomena of Cancel culture and cyberbullying from a Christian ethical perspective. The research method used is a literature review with a theological-ethical approach. The results of the study indicate that the digital judgmental culture contradicts the principles of love, respect for human dignity as the Imago Dei, and Christian communication ethics taught in the Bible. Christian ethics views every individual as having value before God, so the practices of humiliation, digital bullying, and public judgment are unjustifiable. The church and believers are called to present constructive, loving, communication in the digital space.

The development of technology in the digital era has significantly altered consumer behavior, particularly for Generation Z, who are known as digital natives. This group possesses unique characteristics, highly relying on social media to seek product information before making purchasing decisions. This study aims to analyze digital marketing management strategies through social media in enhancing brand engagement and loyalty among Generation Z consumers, as well as to identify the key determinants of its success. The research method employed is descriptive qualitative, utilizing literature review as the data collection technique across prior scientific sources. The analysis reveals that the implementation of digital marketing strategies based on visual content and short-form videos on platforms such as TikTok and Instagram is proven to be highly effective in capturing the audience's attention rapidly. In addition to content format, collaboration with highly credible influencers and the application of authentic, responsive two-way communication serve as the main pillars in building emotional proximity and trust among young consumers. Operationally, this strategy offers cost efficiency and a broader market reach. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that the optimal integration between management information systems and interactive, adaptive communication approaches toward digital trends is the main key to winning the market and sustaining the long-term loyalty of Generation Z.

The rapid development of information technology drives various business sectors, including the beauty and health industry, to adopt digital systems in their operational management. A Beauty Clinic, a medium-scale aesthetic clinic, faces significant operational challenges in managing human resources, finance, and digital marketing in an integrated manner. This study aims to analyze the existing manual operational system of A Beauty Clinic using the PIECES framework (Performance, Information, Economy, Control, Efficiency, Service), design and configure an Odoo ERP Community Edition implementation integrating the HR, Invoicing/Point of Sale, and Social Marketing modules, and evaluate the operational efficiency improvements achieved. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study method and Rapid Application Development (RAD) as the system development methodology. Data was collected through direct observation and semi-structured interviews. The results show that the manual system experienced critical problems across all six PIECES dimensions. Post-implementation evaluation indicates an estimated 80% reduction in the secretary's administrative workload (from 20–25 hours to 3–5 hours per month), over 90% reduction in payroll error frequency, and an 87% reduction in transaction processing time per cashier transaction. The implementation of role-based access control and complete audit trails fundamentally addressed the security vulnerabilities identified in the as-is analysis. This study demonstrates that Odoo Community Edition is an effective, comprehensive, and cost-efficient ERP solution for small and medium-scale beauty clinics seeking to transform from fragmented manual systems to integrated, data-driven information systems.

Ciberi Beach is a tourist area in Enggros Village, Abepura District, Jayapura City, with significant development potential that draws on its natural resources and local wisdom. This study aims to identify internal and external factors influencing the development of the tourism area and to formulate appropriate development strategies using SWOT analysis. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative techniques, with data collected through field observations, in-depth interviews, and questionnaires distributed to 25 visitors. The findings show that the main strengths are unspoiled natural scenery and community friendliness, while the main weaknesses include inadequate public facilities and poor road access. Key opportunities include ecotourism potential and policy support for spatial planning, while threats include coastal abrasion and unmanaged waste. Based on the SWOT matrix, the strategic position falls in Quadrant I (X = 0.31; Y = 0.51), supporting an aggressive SO strategy. Priority strategies include community-based ecotourism development, digital promotion, collaborative partnerships with universities and NGOs, and regulatory strengthening for sustainable land use. The analysis is grounded in a three-framework theoretical lens comprising the 3A tourism components (Attraction, Accessibility, Amenity), ecotourism principles, and community-based tourism, which together guide the interpretation of SWOT findings and the formulation of strategy.

Improving the quality of graduates in the Doctoral Program in Law requires effective, adaptive, and quality-based higher education governance. This study aims to analyze the role of management performance evaluation in the management of the Doctoral Program in Law based on transformational leadership and a reward system to improve graduate quality. The study used a qualitative method with a literature study approach through analysis of scientific journals, higher education regulations, and literature related to higher education management. The results indicate that management performance evaluation plays a strategic role in measuring the effectiveness of academic governance, research achievements, the quality of educational services, and graduate success. Transformational leadership plays a role in building an innovative, collaborative, and change-responsive academic culture, while the reward system encourages motivation and productivity among the academic community. The integration of performance evaluation, transformational leadership, and the reward system can improve research quality, scientific publications, accelerated study periods, and the competitiveness of doctoral graduates in law. This study recommends the development of an evaluation system based on key performance indicators integrated with digital transformation and a sustainable reward policy to create superior and quality-oriented management of the Doctoral Program in Law.

Advances in digital technology are driving universities to prepare students who are not only capable of becoming job seekers but also job creators through technology-based ventures. Technopreneurship has become a key approach because it combines entrepreneurial skills, technology, creativity, and innovation to create products or services with economic value. This study aims to analyze strategies for developing student technopreneurship in the digital era through entrepreneurship education, digital literacy, and business incubation. The method used is a literature review employing a descriptive qualitative approach through the examination of various scientific journals, books, and relevant academic sources. The findings indicate that entrepreneurship education serves as the foundation for shaping students’ mindset, motivation, and skills as prospective technopreneurs. Digital literacy supports students’ ability to leverage social media, e-commerce, digital platforms, and information technology to expand markets and enhance business efficiency. Meanwhile, business incubation serves as a mentoring mechanism that bridges university learning with real-world business practices. Thus, the development of student technopreneurship must be carried out in an integrated manner through practice-based curricula, the strengthening of digital skills, business mentoring, and collaboration with the government, industry, investors, and the business community.  

This article discusses the dynamics of Christian students’ spirituality in the digital era, characterized by the currents of globalization, information overload, and a culture of virtual communication that influence patterns of thinking, lifestyles, and character formation. The novelty of this study lies in its analysis of the direct relationship between the digital-global context and the process of students’ faith formation through an integrative theological–pedagogical perspective. This research aims to analyze the implications of digital globalization for the spirituality of Christian students and to formulate directions for faith formation that are relevant to the contemporary context. The method employed is a qualitative approach using a library research design through conceptual, theological, and pedagogical analysis of various relevant scholarly sources. The findings indicate that the digital era presents both opportunities and challenges for faith development, in which students experience a dynamic tension between the strengthening of spiritual insight and the potential value crisis resulting from exposure to global ideologies. In conclusion, contextual, reflective, and selective strategies of faith formation are required to ensure that the spirituality of Christian students remains firm, critical, and relevant amid the currents of digital globalization.

This study examines how tax knowledge, the use of e-filing systems, and the enforcement of tax penalties influence individual taxpayers’ compliance in filing annual tax returns. Tax compliance is a critical factor for the sustainability of government revenue, yet public compliance rates remain suboptimal. The research employs a quantitative approach with an associative causal design, involving 131 respondents in West Jakarta selected through convenience sampling. The instrument, consisting of a questionnaire with 34 items, was tested for validity and reliability and then analyzed using multiple linear regression with the aid of SPSS. The results of the analysis indicate that tax knowledge, the use of e-filing, and tax penalties have a positive effect—both partially and simultaneously—on compliance with annual tax return filing. These findings underscore the need to improve tax literacy, strengthen the e-filing system, and ensure consistent enforcement of penalties to encourage compliance. This study provides an empirical basis for the development of more inclusive and efficient tax policies and supports the government’s strategy to optimize state revenue by raising taxpayer awareness and fostering a sense of responsibility.

This study aims to analyze the internalization of Islamic developmental psychology values through the Qur'an memorization (Tahfidz Al-Qur'an) program in shaping the character of middle adolescents aged 13–17 years in the digital era at Al Hayya Orphanage Foundation, Depok. Adolescence is a transitional stage characterized by significant physical, emotional, social, and spiritual changes. In the digital era, adolescents face various challenges, such as social media addiction, cyberbullying, declining social interaction, and moral degradation, all of which may affect character development. Therefore, strengthening character education based on Islamic values has become increasingly important. This research employed a qualitative approach using a case study method to gain an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon under investigation. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving orphanage caregivers, Tahfidz instructors, and students at Al Hayya Orphanage Foundation, Depok. The findings indicate that the Tahfidz program plays a positive role in character formation through habituation, role modeling, spiritual guidance, and a supportive religious environment. From the cognitive perspective, students demonstrated improvements in discipline, concentration, responsibility, and self-regulation. Emotionally, they became more patient, better able to control their emotions, and experienced inner peace through intensive engagement with the Qur'an. Socially, the program fostered attitudes of mutual assistance, respect, empathy, and stronger social relationships among students.This study reveals that the Tahfidz program serves not only as a means of memorizing the Qur'an but also as an effective medium for internalizing the values of Islamic developmental psychology and fostering Qur'anic character among adolescents in facing the challenges of the digital era.  

The purpose of this study was to analyze the implementation of Al-Qur’an and Hadith teaching at MAN 2 Karawang, including the challenges faced and approaches to resolving them. The method used was qualitative with a descriptive approach. Information was collected through interviews and documentation with the principal, Al-Qur’an and Hadith teachers, and eleventh-grade students. The research findings indicate that teaching is conducted in accordance with the madrasah curriculum, using a thematic and contextual approach that focuses on moral development and the application of Islamic values in daily life. Teachers use various methods, such as lectures, discussions, questions and answers, and hadith memorization. However, the teaching and learning process still faces several obstacles, such as a lack of infrastructure, including projectors, limited availability of textbooks, and unsupportive classroom conditions, which affect students’ concentration. Several solutions implemented include the gradual provision of facilities, the use of digital technology through students’ mobile phones and e-books, and the implementation of more interactive teaching methods to increase student motivation.

This study aims to analyze the role of Christian Religious Education (CRE) teachers as counselors in shaping students’ social behavior amid increasing behavioral deviations such as bullying, violence, misuse of social media, and low tolerance. These phenomena are influenced by internal factors such as emotional instability and identity formation, as well as external factors including family, environment, and digital culture. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method using a library research approach by collecting data from books, scholarly journals, and relevant documents. The findings reveal that CRE teachers play a strategic role not only as educators but also as counselors who accompany students holistically, covering spiritual, moral, emotional, and social aspects. The counseling role performed by CRE teachers includes modeling behavior, mediating conflicts, strengthening self-control, providing social support, and building empathetic relationships with students. Through this approach, students undergo a process of internalizing Christian values such as love, forgiveness, responsibility, and tolerance, which contribute to the development of positive social behavior. Furthermore, collaboration among teachers, parents, and the community serves as a supporting factor in successful character formation. Therefore, the role of CRE teachers as counselors is proven to be effective in shaping students’ social behavior in accordance with moral, social, and religious values, while contributing to the development of a generation with integrity and competitiveness.

The development of digital communication technology has encouraged health institutions to utilize social media as a medium for health promotion and information dissemination. This study aims to analyze the effect of Instagram content management on audience responses at Lakespra dr. Saryanto. The research used a quantitative approach with a survey method involving 60 respondents selected from members of Lakespra dr. Saryanto. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed online and analyzed using validity tests, reliability tests, descriptive statistics, and simple linear regression with IBM SPSS Statistics. The results showed that all questionnaire items were valid and reliable, with Cronbach’s Alpha values of 0.951 for the content management variable and 0.934 for the audience response variable. The regression analysis indicated that Instagram content management had a significant effect on audience responses, with a significance value of 0.000 and an F value of 184.783. The coefficient of determination showed that Instagram content management contributed 76.1% to audience responses, including engagement, understanding of health information, and interest in health services. The findings indicate that visually attractive, informative, and consistent Instagram content can improve audience interaction and support digital health communication effectively.

Digital technology has significantly transformed adolescents’ lives, including the process of character formation. While the digital era provides broad opportunities for accessing information and developing personal potential, it also presents challenges such as identity crises, individualism, instant culture, cyberbullying, moral relativism, and declining spiritual engagement. These conditions create unique challenges for Christian adolescents in maintaining values and character grounded in biblical teachings. This study aims to examine the challenges of Christian adolescent character formation in the digital era, analyze the perspectives of the Christian worldview and educational psychology on character development, and explain the relevance of integrating these perspectives in addressing contemporary challenges. The research employed a qualitative approach using a library research method. Data were collected from books, scholarly journals, and other relevant academic sources and analyzed through content analysis. The findings indicate that the Christian worldview provides a theological foundation for shaping identity, values, and character based on biblical truth, while educational psychology offers scientific insights into adolescent development and effective character-building strategies. The integration of these perspectives creates a holistic approach that addresses spiritual, moral, social, emotional, and cognitive dimensions. Therefore, this integration is essential for helping Christian adolescents navigate the challenges of the digital era wisely, responsibly, and in accordance with Christian values.

The paradigmatic transformation of Christian Religious Education (CRE) in the digital era has become a crucial issue to be examined because the development of information technology, virtual culture, and globalization has brought significant changes to adolescents’ mindsets, behaviors, and character formation. These conditions have created various moral and spiritual challenges, such as identity crises, declining ethical sensitivity, and the increasing influence of individualistic and hedonistic values among young people. This study aims to analyze the paradigm transformation of Christian Religious Education in shaping adolescent character through a theological-pedagogical perspective that is relevant to the context of the digital era. The research employs a qualitative method using a library research approach and descriptive analysis of various scientific, theological, and pedagogical sources related to Christian education, teacher spirituality, and adolescent character development in the digital age. The findings indicate that the transformation of the CRE paradigm should be directed toward contextual, participatory, and transformative learning by positioning teachers as spiritual role models and facilitators of character formation. Furthermore, the integration of Christian values, the ethical use of technology, and collaboration among schools, families, and churches are important factors in shaping adolescents who possess strong character, integrity, and spiritual maturity amid increasingly complex digital challenges.

This article examines the impact of dehumanization in the era of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the formation of the personality of future priests in light of the teachings of Pastores Dabo Vobis, particular number 43-44, as well as from Philosophical and theological perspectives. The development of AI brings significant changes in the way human think, relate, and build their self-identity. On the one hand, AI offers great opportunities to support intellectual formation through access to information, pastoral simulations, and digital learning. However, on the other hand, the dominance of technology has the potential to cause dehumanization, namely a reduction in the quality of interpersonal relationships, the depth of reflection and sensitivity. This study employs a literature review method, examining relevant theological, philosophical, and scientific literature. The findings indicate that excessive reliance on AI can disrupt the development of the human dimension in seminarians, particularly regarding affective maturity, relational competence, and the integrity of personal identity. From a philosophical perspective, humans are understood as free, rational, and relational beings; thus, reducing humans to mere components of an algorithmic system contradicts their very nature. Meanwhile, theology affirms human dignity as the Imago Dei, which cannot be replaced by technology. Therefore, a critical and prudent formation approach is required, one that positions AI as an aid, not a substitute for human relationships.

Package C equivalency education is a strategic non-formal education policy designed to provide senior secondary education access for citizens who are not served by the formal schooling system. This study evaluates the implementation of the Package C Equivalency Education Policy at the Non-Formal Education Unit Sanggar Kegiatan Belajar in Batudaa District, Gorontalo Regency, Indonesia. The study addresses the gap between the policy objective of expanding equitable access to secondary education and the practical constraints found in local implementation. Using a qualitative evaluative case study design, the research applies the Context, Input, Process, and Product evaluation model. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and document analysis involving program managers, tutors, learners, parents, alumni, and non-formal education supervisors. The findings show that the policy is contextually relevant to learners who face economic barriers, employment demands, age constraints, and limited access to formal schooling. However, input capacity remains insufficient due to limited tutor availability, inadequate andragogical competence, insufficient learning media, and learning modules that are not yet fully contextualized. The process dimension reveals inconsistent learning schedules, lecture-dominated instruction, weak adult-learning practices, and suboptimal monitoring. Product evaluation indicates positive outcomes in graduation, academic confidence, and access to administrative requirements for work or further study, but practical skills and socio-economic impacts remain limited. The study concludes that Package C policy implementation requires stronger socialization, tutor capacity development, contextual learning resources, flexible learning management, and local policy support to generate sustainable public value.

This paper discusses the implementation of regional autonomy and its impact on Islamic education in Indonesia, focusing on the challenges and opportunities faced. Although educational decentralization is considered a strategic step to improve the quality of education, there are various obstacles that must be addressed, including the development of regional capacity, the availability of educational resources, and effective leadership. This study aims to explore how regional autonomy can provide flexibility in educational management while identifying issues arising from the lack of coordination between regional and central governments, especially in the management of Islamic educational institutions. The method used is a normative legal approach with descriptive analysis. The research findings indicate that despite efforts to enhance Islamic education, there remain significant gaps in funding, facilities, and educational quality compared to general education. The conclusion drawn is the need for more inclusive and responsive policy reforms to local diversity, as well as the importance of collaboration among government, society, and educational institutions to create a more equitable and quality education system.

This research aims to examine how the functions of Christian counseling (preventive, curative, developmental, and pastoral) can be integrated into the practice of Christian Religious Education as an effective strategy to support adolescents’ faith development. The background of this study arises from the fact that adolescents experience a crisis of faith that is not only related to theological aspects but also affects their psychological and emotional well-being. On the other hand, christian religious education practices in schools often remain focused on the transfer of doctrinal knowledge without being balanced by adequate personal guidance. This study applies a qualitative method through literature review and conceptual analysis of christian counseling theory, theories of adolescent faith development, and pedagogical practices in christian religious education. The findings indicate that integrating Christian counseling functions into the design of christian religious education learning can create a dialogical, reflective, and pastoral classroom atmosphere, providing opportunities for adolescents to develop spiritual discernment, self-awareness, and the ability to make responsible moral decisions. This article discusses the relevance of counseling to adolescents’ spiritual development, the characteristics of their faith development, the challenges of implementing counseling in Christian educational institutions, and the design of learning based on dialogue, reflection, and mentoring. In this way, the integration of christian counseling in christian religious education is considered a holistic approach that enriches the meaning of faith education and supports adolescents’ faith growth in a contextual, profound, and sustainable manner.