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This study aims to compare three main aspects of the experience of enjoying traditional Surabi snacks in a number of places along Jalan Setiabudi, Bandung, namely taste, price, and comfort. The method used is a qualitative descriptive approach with observation, interview, and survey techniques to consumers. The results of the study show that there is a significant variation in the taste of Surabi offered by culinary business actors, both in terms of texture, sweetness level, and the peculiarity of toppings. In terms of price, it was found that differences do not always reflect the quality of taste, but are also influenced by location and market segmentation. The comfort of the dining place, including cleanliness, atmosphere, and supporting facilities, is an important factor in determining consumer preferences, especially young people and tourists. These findings can be a reference for culinary MSME actors in improving competitiveness and service quality, as well as providing practical information for consumers in choosing a place to enjoy Surabi that suits their needs and tastes.

Various studies show that learning evaluation instruments in the field still dominantly emphasize memorization aspects and do not fully measure students' higher-level thinking skills. The mismatch between learning objectives and evaluation instruments has an impact on the low validity of learning outcomes. This research aims to identify fundamental principles in the development of test-based evaluation instruments and assess their effectiveness in representing learning outcomes. This research adopts qualitative method with descriptive-analytical research type and uses literature review technique. Data were collected through documentation study of national journal articles, textbooks, and relevant digital documents. The technique applied to analyze the data was content analysis. The findings of this study indicate that an effective evaluation instrument must fulfill the principles of validity, reliability, objectivity, and practicality, and be supported by the principles of integration, pedagogical value, accountability, and continuity. Instruments built based on these principles not only act as instruments for measuring cognitive achievement, but also as reflection tools that encourage the spirit of learning and continuous improvement of teaching.  

Nowadays, logos have become a form of choice for conveying communication. The logo has become a center of information for the community, but based on the author's interviews with several people related to the community, they have not optimally understood the meaning of the visual Sampoerna Retail Community logo, therefore the author is interested in researching it. The objectives of the research are 1. Know and describe the visuals of the Sampoerna Retail Community logo. 2. Analyze and describe the visual meaning contained in the Sampoerna Retail Community logo. The research method uses descriptive qualitative. With Charles Sanders Pierce's semiotic analysis approach. Through analytical steps, we explore the meaning behind the Sampoerna Retail Community logo: icon, index, symbol and meaning. The results of this research provide an illustration that Sampoerna Retail Community is trying to display its logo by prioritizing the spirit of providing the best service to the community by using icons, indexes, symbols and meanings that are appropriate to display to the public and consumers. The results of the researchers found that there are six visual parts contained in the Sampoerna Retail Community logo. There are six meanings, namely: 1. A place and location for shopping. 2. A woven logogram with the nature of mutual cooperation. 3. The color red symbolizes enthusiasm. 4. The color white symbolizes purity and comfort. 5. SRC text fosters a modern feel. 6. Close means being everywhere, thrifty means affordable prices, friendly means friendly and welcoming. This is what the public needs to know.

This study aims to examine in depth the use of slang in digital communication by TikTok Gen Z content creator, Nathalie Tresya. Slang as a form of language variation reflects social dynamics, generational identity, and popular culture trends that develop in the digital space. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a non-participatory observation method. Data were collected from a number of TikTok videos uploaded by Nathalie Tresya, focusing on verbal and textual speech containing slang elements. Analysis was conducted to identify the form, function, and context of slang use in the content studied. The results of the study show that Nathalie Tresya uses various forms of slang such as abbreviations, puns, foreign loanwords, and code mixing between Indonesian and English. This language is used as a communication strategy to build closeness with the audience, display identity as part of Gen Z, and increase the appeal of content on the TikTok platform. These findings confirm that social media, especially TikTok, is a medium that actively encourages the birth of new language forms that are worthy of being studied in the context of digital sociolinguistics.

This study aims to examine the strategy of meaning in Arabic language learning at SMA Terpadu Darut Tauhid with a focus on understanding narrative texts. Through a qualitative-descriptive approach, data were obtained from observations of learning activities, documentation, and in-depth interviews with teachers, students, and language program managers. The results of the study indicate that strategies such as Jigsaw, Index Card Match, and direct methods (al-thariqah al-mubasyarah) are effective in improving students' linguistic understanding and contextual values. The implementation of these strategies is carried out in an integrated manner in a daily language-based program, supported by a conducive religious environment. The use of narrative texts, especially the stories of the prophets and companions, not only enriches the mastery of mufradat and tarkib, but also becomes a means of internalizing the values ​​of akhlakul karimah. The challenge of time constraints is overcome through creative approaches such as role-play and short dialogues. This study recommends the importance of integration between linguistic strategies and spiritual values ​​in Arabic language learning in a religious-based educational environment.  

This study uses a feminist literary criticism approach to analyze Ferena Debivena's short story “The Woman Who Bears the Shadow.”  To investigate the type of gender inequality experienced by Lara, the main character, this research focuses on three schools of feminism: marxist, social, and liberal.  The research used a descriptive qualitative approach, which involved text analysis of the symbolism and narrative structure of the story. The results show that Lara is portrayed as a woman who faces social and emotional challenges due to economic pressure and patriarchal domination.  In addition, the short story criticizes forced marriage and educational injustice for women.  Despite the strength of its theme, this short story can still be improved by the elements of deepening supporting characters, a clear plot, and strengthening the climax.  Therefore, it shows the social reality and serves as a medium to criticize the system that oppresses women.

This study aims to analyze the product quality of tofu at Tahu Tansa, a tofu business located in Bogor City, by utilizing quality control tools such as check sheets, Pareto diagrams, and fishbone diagrams. Tofu is a nutritious food product with high consumer demand, but its production process often encounters defects that affect product quality. This research uses primary data obtained through direct observation and interviews and is analyzed using descriptive quantitative methods. The results show that the most dominant defect is non-standard tofu cutting size (50%), followed by overly soft texture (37.87%), and residual cloth stuck on the product (12.13%). Based on fishbone analysis, these defects are caused by suboptimal factors including manpower, machines, methods, raw materials, and measurement. The findings imply that improvements in operational standards, workforce training, and strict monitoring of raw materials and equipment are necessary to maintain quality and improve production efficiency at Tahu Tansa.

Abstract, Learning media is very useful, especially in improving students' understanding of concepts,  strengthening their retention, and fostering their interest in learning. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to understand the problem of limited social studies learning media in grade 3 of SDN Sungai Miai 4 and find relevant solutions. Nusantara Kartu is an innovation in learning media designed to introduce and foster students' appreciation of the diversity of Indonesian culture. Nusantara Kartu media has a physical form like a medium-sized card, printed in color, and equipped with pictures and brief information about cultural elements in Indonesia. Nusantara Kartu media is able to overcome the problem of limited textbooks and student boredom in social studies learning. This media not only creates a fun and meaningful learning atmosphere, but also increases students' active participation and understanding of the diversity of Indonesian culture. Teachers can start trying to create similar media that suits the needs of each class.

Arabic writing is one of the important skills in learning Arabic, but many students have difficulty in mastering it. This study aims to identify strategies used by teachers in overcoming students' difficulties in writing Arabic. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the main difficulties experienced by students include limited vocabulary, understanding of grammatical structures (nahwu and sharaf), and lack of directed writing exercises. To overcome these problems, teachers apply several strategies, including: the use of interactive learning media, a contextual approach in teaching vocabulary, gradual structured writing exercises, and providing regular feedback. In addition, teachers also encourage students to read simple Arabic texts as an effort to improve their understanding of sentence structures and enrich their vocabulary. These strategies have been proven to help improve students' writing skills gradually. This study concludes that the active role of teachers, creativity in learning, and an approach that suits students' needs are very important in overcoming difficulties in writing Arabic among students.  

This study examines the representation of the power of women's masculinity in the novel Women Who Wait in the Aisle to the Sea by Dian Purnomo. The research problem focuses on how forms of masculinity power are displayed through female protagonists and how these characteristics reflect the configuration of masculinity according to Raewyn W. Connell's theory. This research aims to uncover how female characters build power, resistance, and independence through masculine attributes in the context of oppressive social structures. The method used is qualitative descriptive with reading and recording techniques as well as content analysis of novel texts. The results of the study show that Shalom figures represent the power of masculinity through courage, social dominance, mental toughness, rhetorical leadership, and physical endurance. These findings prove that women in literary narratives are able to internalize masculine attributes as a resistance strategy against social injustice. The conclusion of this study is that women's forms of masculinity power not only challenge conventional gender stereotypes, but also expand the understanding of women's roles in social structures through powerful and empowered literary representations.

Hikayat Malem Diwa is one of the classic literary works in the Malay-Aceh tradition that is rich in language and cultural values. This story contains various language styles, especially euphemisms and dysphemisms, which reflect social norms, moral values, and conflict dynamics in Acehnese society. This study aims to identify and analyze the forms and functions of these two language styles, emphasizing their semantic and narrative roles. Using a semantic approach and qualitative descriptive methods, data were collected through quotations in the text with documentation techniques, then analyzed based on the context of meaning and use. The results show that euphemisms are often used to convey moral values ​​and politeness, especially in terms of death, respect, and violation of norms. In contrast, dysphemisms appear in the context of violence and character conflict, strengthening the tension and emotion of the story. Overall, the use of these language styles reflects the rhetorical strategies and cultural values ​​of the Acehnese people.

English proficiency is vital for academic and professional success in Indonesia, but students often struggle with writing. Descriptive text composition is challenging due to its intricate structure and linguistic elements. To overcome these challenges, the researcher suggests utilizing the Miro Application, a digital whiteboard tool known for fostering interactive collaboration and effectiveness in dynamic learning activities. The study aims to assess Miro's impact on enhancing 8th grade students' descriptive text writing skills at SMP Negeri 2 Sutojayan. The study utilizes a quantitative experimental approach, specifically a pre-experimental design, conducted at SMP Negeri 2 Sutojayan over one month, from November to December 2023. The population includes all 8th grade students, with a purposive sample of 31 students from a single recommended class. This research, conducted with 8th-grade students at SMP Negeri 2 Sutojayan, employed a one-group pre-test post-test design. Data analyses covered normality, homogeneity, and paired sample t-tests. Normality test values (0.095 and 0.088) aligned with good data distribution. Homogeneity test (0.067) affirmed data homogeneity, indicating methodical soundness. The hypothesis test for Miro Application based learning impact yielded a significant result (0.000 < 0.05). Miro Application significantly affected post-test scores, presented digitally via mobile phones. Finally, The Miro Application demonstrated effectiveness in enhancing descriptive text writing skills.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of using short stories to enhance the writing creativity of fourth-grade elementary students through a literature review approach. It employs a qualitative descriptive method with a non-experimental design. Data were gathered from various written sources such as scientific journals, books, and relevant proceedings, focusing on the role of short stories as a medium for writing instruction. The findings indicate that short stories can stimulate students' imagination, expressive abilities, and narrative understanding through structured plots rich in emotional meaning. Short stories also support students in composing more organized, creative, and expressive narrative texts, in line with the concrete thinking stage of Piaget’s theory. This approach aligns with constructivist principles, as it encourages students to connect personal experiences with story content. In the learning process, short stories are considered more engaging than traditional methods because they create a more interactive and meaningful learning environment. Therefore, the use of short stories has the potential to be an effective instructional strategy in fostering writing creativity and building a strong foundation in literacy from an early age.

Film serves not only as entertainment but also as a medium for conveying messages through verbal interactions between characters. In pragmatics, illocutionary acts are central to understanding a speaker’s intention within a given context. This study aims to describe and analyze the types and functions of illocutionary speech acts in the Indonesian film Komang (2025) by Naya Anindita, which portrays a love story across religious and cultural boundaries. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through observation and transcription of dialogue from the film. The analysis is based on Searle’s classification of illocutionary acts: representatives, directives, expressives, commissives, and declaratives. The findings reveal that all five types appear in the film, each playing a role in shaping interpersonal dynamics, emotional tension, and cultural values. Directive and expressive acts are the most dominant, reflecting intense emotional exchanges and social interactions. Commissive and declarative acts highlight commitment and authority, contributing to the narrative progression and cultural identity negotiation. The study concludes that illocutionary acts in films can represent social conflicts and cultural expressions, and recommends further research on other films with varied genres and contexts. The integration of multimodal elements is also suggested to enrich the analysis of meaning in audiovisual texts.  

The purpose of this quantitative descriptive study is to ascertain how students' learning outcomes in mathematics are impacted by the availability of learning facilities.  In order to increase learning outcomes, the teaching and learning process will be more successful if supported by sufficient facilities, such as  proper study tables, additional illumination sources, lighting indications throughout the house,  appropriate study chairs, appropriate bookcases, availability of math textbooks and worksheet books, internet access at home, sufficient cell phones, student-owned question banks, and internet use can all support learning activities. Thirty students in all took part, and checklists, questionnaires, and documentation were the instruments utilized to collect data.  Descriptive analysis of the learning outcome variable data revealed that 20 students in class XI, or 67.67%, finished with a Minimum Passed Value of 80, whereas 10 students, or 33.33%, were incomplete.  Using SPSS, a straightforward linear regression calculation method yielded the following results: Y = 98,793 + 0,590X.  The findings of the study demonstrate that student learning outcomes are influenced by the accessibility of learning facilities.  For additional study, you can focus on variables other than the availability of learning facilities that affect student learning results.

The phenomenon of money politics in the perspective of hadith and how the practice undermines the principles of justice, trustworthiness, and integrity in the democratic system, this study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with text analysis of relevant hadiths, and contextually studied in the frame of maqashid sharia. The results of the study show that money politics is included in the category of risywah (bribery) which is forbidden in Islam, as mentioned in various traditions of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. This practice has serious impacts, including damage to the government system, loss of legitimacy of leaders, and threats to social stability. Therefore, Islam emphasizes the importance of rejecting money politics as part of the moral and spiritual responsibility of the people. Moral education, the role of religious leaders, and strengthening regulations are important parts of the prevention strategy. This research recommends a synergy between state institutions and religious institutions in building a clean, fair, and political system based on Islamic ethics.

Reading ability is a fundamental skill that plays a crucial role in education, as it significantly contributes to students’ academic achievement and intellectual development. This study aims to analyze the reading skills of seventh-grade students at SMP IT Robbani Indralaya, focusing on both mechanical and comprehension aspects. The research employed a descriptive quantitative method by distributing questionnaires to 19 student respondents. The questionnaire instrument was designed based on two main aspects: mechanical skills (letter recognition, linguistic elements, and slow reading speed) and comprehension skills (understanding text meaning, evaluating content, and flexible reading speed). The analysis results showed that the majority of students were in the “Good” category (63.16%), while the rest were in the “Fair” category (36.84%). There were no students in the “Very Good” or “Poor” categories. Internal factors such as motivation and reading interest, as well as external factors such as family support and school facilities, were found to influence students' reading skills. This study recommends the implementation of continuous and collaborative literacy development efforts involving students, teachers, schools, and families to improve reading skills comprehensively.    

The research aims to answer how the use of plasticine media affects the fine motor skills of young children at RA Yaa Bunayya, Mompang Julu Village. This type of research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The data collection process takes the form of observation, interviews and documentation. The results of the research are the fine motor skills of young children in RA Yaa Bunayya Mompang Julu Village, showing that the use of plasticine media in children has been proven to provide a useful approach in various aspects of development. Through plasticine media activities, children at RA Yaa Bunayya develop various aspects of their fine motor skills in a fun and creative way. The use of plasticine media provides a stimulus that can improve children's fine motor skills, such as involving fine movements of forming, pinching and rolling plasticine. Using plasticine media in children can also develop children's creativity. As for the convenience and difficulty, namely the ease of using plasticine media for children, namely that it can develop fine motor skills and attract children's attention, because plasticine media can be shaped by children with a soft texture and can train coordination in children's hands, and the difficulty is that children do not focus on using plasticine media, difficulty in grasping, namely that young children do not have enough grip strength to form plasticine.  

This study departs from the mubadalah approach in interpreting hadiths related to gender relations from the perspective of Faqihuddin Abdul Qadir's thought. Through a literature review and descriptive-analytical analysis method, this research examines how mubadalah, as a hermeneutic method, can offer a fair, contextual, and equitable reading of religious texts. In Faqihuddin's view, mubadalah is based on the principles of reciprocity and mutual relations between men and women, rejecting both gender hegemony and subordination. This approach serves as a critical response to the patriarchal constructions in Islamic interpretations that have marginalized women. The findings indicate that mubadalah can bridge the gap between conservative textual approaches and radical liberal readings, and is relevant for realizing justice and gender equality in the lives of Muslims

This paper aims to explore the thoughts of the concept of maqasid shari'ah of Ibn Ashur and its urgency as a basis for conducting ijtihad in the contemporary era. This study uses a library research method with a descriptive and interpretive analysis approach. This study found that Ibn Ashur in the context of understanding maqasid shari'ah offers two methodologies, the first with a text analysis approach and the second by analyzing legal motives. While in the context of ijtihad Ibn Ashur offers five key items that must be understood by a mujtahid, the first is to understand the lafaz in terms of language use and sharia. The second is to make a legal analogy that does not have explicit evidence. The third is to respond to new laws, the fourth is to analyze evidence that appears to be contrasting in terms of zohir and the fifth is ta'abbudi.