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This study examines the relationship between educational attainment, gender inequality in education, and their impact on unemployment rates and economic resilience across various regions. Gender inequality in education has long-term consequences on labor market outcomes and economic stability. In regions with higher gender inequality, the underutilization of female talent results in higher unemployment rates and weaker economic resilience. In contrast, regions with higher gender equality in education show improved labor market performance and a more resilient economy. The study utilizes cross-regional regression analysis, incorporating data on education levels, gender inequality indices, unemployment rates, and economic resilience metrics. The findings suggest that gender inequality in education plays a more significant role in shaping unemployment rates and economic resilience than traditional macroeconomic variables such as GDP and inflation. Furthermore, the results highlight the importance of improving access to education for underrepresented genders, particularly women, to foster more inclusive and sustainable economic growth. The study emphasizes the need for policies that promote gender equality in education as a means to enhance labor market outcomes and strengthen economic resilience. Limitations of the study include potential data constraints and regional variations in cultural, economic, and policy contexts, which may affect the generalizability of the findings. Future research could expand this study by exploring different regions and countries to gain a deeper understanding of the long-term effects of reducing gender inequality in education on economic outcomes.

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of formal leaders in formal Islamic educational institutions. Formal leaders in formal Islamic education institutions are individuals who give commands or influence subordinates to carry out activities in accordance with established procedures and methods in order to achieve common goals. The method used is library research and content analysis with a qualitative approach. Library research is research carried out by reviewing various journals, books and other relevant references. The research results show that formal leadership in formal Islamic education institutions has a very large role in improving institutional performance in various aspects. There are five dimensions of leadership which include (1) leadership goals, (2) individuals who influence the group (3) individuals who are influenced, (4) interaction processes, and (5) situations where leadership takes place. The most basic types or styles of leadership are authoritarian leadership, democratic leadership and laissez faire leadership. Formal institutions consist of institutions established by the government and non-governmental organizations. Leaders of these institutions are required to have 2 competencies, namely core competencies (soft skills) and technical-knowledge competencies (hard skills). These two competencies are described in levels of proficiency with the lowest level being level 1 and the highest being level 5.  

The highest level of alcohol consumption in education is among students. One of the factors causing the increase in alcohol consumption behavior and the rise in crime cases due to alcohol consumption is a lack of religiosity. Religiosity as the internalization of religious values related to belief in religious teachings. These beliefs are then actualized in human behavior. This research is included in the type of qualitative research with a case study approach. The conceptual boundaries of this research are religiosity, teenagers aged 18 - 21 years, and subjects who live in Village "X". The subjects in this research were teenagers who were alcoholics, both male and female, totaling 5 subjects. In this research, nonprobability sampling technique was used with purposive sampling. Subjects have a level of belief in God, religion and sin in their religion. Having high intentions can influence the subject's level of commitment to carrying out ritualistic activities. Subject knowledge regarding religious knowledge is fulfilled through developing digital media. Subjects' feelings towards ritual activities and their experiences of consuming alcohol vary. subject, no one mentioned behaving well because they were motivated by the teachings of their religion. All subjects felt comfortable with the circle of friends that the subjects were now living in. Factors that influence individuals to consume alcohol are environmental factors and the individual's own desires.

Accidents or injuries can happen anywhere, anytime, even in the school environment. Wherever an accident occurs, it is necessary to get immediate help to reduce the danger and immediately go to the nearest health facility. The low level of knowledge and motivation of PMR members will be a big problem, because PMR members are trained as first aiders in schools before the victim is sent to the next health facility. This study used a quantitative pre-experimental type with a one group pretest-posttest design approach. The population in this study were all members of PMR SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Jambi City. The sample in this study was 35 students using the total sampling technique. The independent variable of this study is first aid education and the dependent is the knowledge and motivation of PMR members. The research instrument used a 2-time questionnaire using the Wilcoxon statistical test. The results showed that before the intervention, some respondents had sufficient knowledge as many as 27 respondents (77.1%) and after the intervention the respondents had good knowledge as many as 35 respondents (100%). Motivation of PMR members before being given the intervention, most respondents were moderately motivated with a total of 31 respondents (88.6%) and motivation after being given the intervention all respondents were highly motivated as many as 35 respondents (100%). Wilcoxon statistical test results there is an effect of first aid education on knowledge with a significance value of 0.001 (p Subscribe to DeepL Pro to edit this document. Visit www.DeepL.com/pro for more information. < 0.05) and motivation with a significance value of 0.001 (p < 0.05). This study shows that first aid education has an influence on increasing the knowledge and motivation of PMR members at Muhammadiyah 1 High School in Jambi City. PMR members are expected to be able to increase motivation and relevant knowledge about first aid in accidents, as well as motivation towards others and themselves.

Background: Anemia is a body condition where the hemoglobin level in red blood cells is lower than the normal standard. Pregnant women are said to be anemic if their Hb content is <11gr/dL. According to WHO, the prevalence of pregnant women throughout the world who experience anemia is 41.8%. The percentage of anemia in pregnant women in Indonesia is 37.1%. For the Special Region of Yogyakarta, the prevalence in pregnant women is 19.01%, and the highest incidence of anemia is in Bantul Regency (27.67%). Data from the Bantul District Health Service, from 27 Community Health Centers, there are 5 Community Health Centers with the highest number of anemia, namely at Sewon II Community Health Center. From this data, Sewon II Community Health Center is in second place. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of consuming fe tablets with lime juice on increasing Hb levels in mildly anemic pregnant women at the Sewon II Bantul Community Health Center, Yogyakarta. Method: This quasi-experiment research uses a one group pretest-posttest design. The sample in the study consisted of 30 pregnant women. The sampling technique uses total sampling. The research instrument gave lime to pregnant women with mild anemia for 2 weeks. Then the hemoglobin level was checked before and after drinking lime using a hemoglobin meter checking device in collaboration with the Puskesmas lab section. Results: The results of this research are based on univariate analysis of the characteristics of respondents aged 20-35 years as many as 26 (86.3%) respondents, the majority have a high school education as many as 26 (86.7%) respondents, the occupation of respondents is housewives 28 (93.3%) ) respondents. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant effect on the average value of increasing hemoglobin levels before (10.21) and after drinking lime (11.23) with an average of (1.02). Conclusion: Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there is an effect of giving lime juice on hemoglobin levels in pregnant women in the second trimester at the Sewon II Bantul Community Health Center.

The main objective of this study was to determine the extent to which students' critical thinking skills can be improved through the implementation of a guided inquiry learning model based on Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). This study used a quasi-experimental approach with a post-test only control group design. The study population consisted of 5 classes with a total of 190 students. From this population, the researcher took a sample of 68 students through a simple random sampling technique. The sample was then divided into two groups, namely 34 students for the experimental class and 34 students for the control class. The research instrument was a critical thinking skills test consisting of 20 objective, reasoned questions. The research data were analyzed using a t-test. Based on the calculation results, the t-value was 3.792, while the t-table value at a significance level of 0.05 was 2.037. This indicates that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. Thus, there is a significant difference between the critical thinking skills of students who participated in learning with a guided inquiry model based on ESD compared to conventional learning. In addition, the improvement in critical thinking skills was also analyzed through the N-Gain calculation. The results showed that the experimental class achieved a 65% improvement, categorized as moderate, while the control class achieved a 59% improvement, also categorized as moderate. These findings indicate that guided inquiry learning integrated with ESD principles provides a more effective way to foster students' critical thinking skills compared to traditional methods. Therefore, ESD-based guided inquiry learning can be an alternative, innovative learning strategy to improve the quality of the learning process in secondary schools.

This study investigates the impact of social protection expenditure on income inequality and Human Development Index (HDI) across multiple countries from 2000 to 2020. Using panel data regression analysis, the study explores whether higher public social spending on healthcare, education, and social services significantly reduces income inequality, as measured by the Gini coefficient, and enhances HDI. The results indicate a strong positive correlation between social protection spending and both reduced inequality and improved HDI. Specifically, countries with higher social protection expenditure, especially those with social-democratic welfare models, exhibit lower income inequality and higher HDI scores. The analysis also highlights significant country-level differences, revealing that while high-income countries with comprehensive social protection systems tend to perform better in terms of human development, low- and middle-income countries with limited spending face persistent challenges in reducing inequality and improving HDI. Further, the study discusses the mechanisms through which social protection policies influence human development, particularly through improved access to education, healthcare, and social services. The findings suggest that integrating social protection with broader economic policies can lead to sustainable reductions in inequality and improvements in human development outcomes. The study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence on the role of social protection in fostering inclusive growth and human development, emphasizing the need for more comprehensive and efficient social protection systems, especially in developing countries.

Self-confidence is a character that must be instilled in oneself from an early age, especially in this case for teenagers in the coastal area of Tomini Bay. The coastal area of Tomini Bay has rich natural resource potential and diverse cultural diversity. However, this area often faces various challenges, especially in terms of education and character development of its young generation. Teenagers tend to feel unable to be equal to other teenagers in urban environments. This is because of their low self-confidence. Therefore, starting from this problem, the community service offers a solution by forming a self-confidence character through Public Speaking training for junior high school students in the coastal area of Tomini Bay. Public Speaking training gives students the opportunity to practice speaking in front of many people, be able to respond to feedback constructively, and overcome nervousness or anxiety. A structured and ongoing training program is expected to form a self-confidence character in students. The implementation of this community service activity uses a training method. This community service activity will be carried out at SMP Negeri 3 Satap Bonepantai. This school is one of the schools included in the coastal area of Tomini Bay. It is hoped that with this service, it can be a solution for the low level of student confidence to appear speaking in public in this case through Public Speaking training.

This study aims to enhance the competence of RA/TK/PAUD teachers in teaching basic Arabic through training based on the digital application Google Classroom in Desa Kembang, Pacitan Regency in 2024. The training was designed as an interactive learning medium that allows teachers to access, manage, and deliver materials online, while also monitoring student progress. The research employed a Community Service (PKM) approach with data collection through observation, questionnaires, and documentation of teaching practices. The results indicate that the training improved teachers’ ability to create virtual classes, assign tasks, utilize discussion forums, and deliver Arabic language materials interactively. Teachers became more confident and creative in developing learning modules, while student engagement increased through digital interaction and multimedia materials. Nevertheless, challenges related to teachers’ digital literacy and internet connectivity need to be addressed for long-term implementation effectiveness. The study confirms that integrating Google Classroom as a learning medium can strengthen the basic Arabic learning process at the PAUD level, while also promoting the development of interactive and easily accessible digital learning modules. These findings can serve as a reference for other educational institutions in implementing digital learning for early childhood education.

Understanding the concept of chemical bonds is a fundamental aspect in chemistry learning at the high school level. However, many students have difficulty in understanding this concept in depth. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the guided inquiry method in improving the understanding of the concept of chemical bonds. The method used was an experiment with a control group design, where one group was taught with the guided inquiry method, while the other group used the conventional method. The results showed that students who learned with the guided inquiry method had a better understanding of the concept compared to the control group. This finding indicates that the application of the guided inquiry method can be an effective strategy in improving the quality of chemistry learning in schools.

Tebas Sungai Village is one of the villages in Tebas District, which has a very unique history and has experienced development from its formation until now, and is the oldest village, especially in Tebas District with a large population, and a high level of education. This research aims to explore what events were behind the formation of Tebas Sungai Village, know the development of Tebas Sungai Village from 1938-2024, and find out various aspects of the life of the people of Tebas Sungai Village, which include social, religious, economic, political, cultural and educational aspects. This type of research is qualitative research using critical analysis. The approaches used are historical, sociological, and anthropological approaches. Meanwhile, the data sources obtained are from primary and secondary sources. The data that has been collected is processed and analyzed through the stages of historical research methods, namely the heuristic, verification, interpretation, and historiography stages. The data collection techniques in this study include observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that (1) The formation of Tebas Sungai Village, Tebas District cannot be separated from the long history that began with the event of land clearing around the Tebas River by Sultan Muhammad Tsafiuddin I (1632-1668). (2) The development of Tebas Sungai Village from the colonial period, the beginning of independence, the old order of the new order to the reform, until the expansion of Sambas Regency.experienced significant changes and developments, especially in infrastructure, development, and community welfare.  

This research is entitled Analysis of Waqf Land Management in Creating Community Welfare (Case Study of Mandiangin District). The research method used by researchers is a qualitative approach. The results of this research are: 1) The management of waqf land in Suka Maju Village includes: the waqf land manager receives waqf land from the community in Suka Maju Village, then the waqf land manager manages the waqf land, after that allocates the results of managing the waqf land to various community needs in Suka Maju Village. Meanwhile, the waqf land in Suka Maju Village itself comes from the community in Suka Maju Village. After the acceptance stage of the waqf land has been accommodated, the next stage is the stage of managing and allocating the waqf land which is distributed to the Suka Maju Village Government with the general aim of religious and public interests. There are 6 waqf lands in Suka Maju Village until 2023 which come from the Suka Maju Village community with different land sizes. Meanwhile, the use of waqf land in Suka Maju Village is used in 2 sectors, namely 1) Education sector. The waqf land collected in Suka Maju Village is used for the education sector with an area of 600m2, namely for the construction of elementary schools and PAUD. 2) Religious sector, waqf land collected in Suka Maju Village, is used for the religious sector with an area of 1200m2, namely for the construction of mosques and prayer rooms. 2) The impact of wakah land management in creating welfare for the people of Suka Maju Village can be seen from 4 indicators of community welfare, namely income, health, education and religion. In the dimension of health or care for the soul in an Islamic perspective, the role of waqf land in Suka Maju Village has not succeeded in realizing care for the soul as measured by the community's ability to easily get access to health cards, health access services and the ability to provide treatment if a family member is sick. In terms of the development of the educational dimension or maintenance of reason in the management of waqf land, the impact of waqf land in Suka Maju Village has been to be able to meet the educational needs of the village community in the form of sending children in Suka Maju Village to school at the formal education level. In the development of the income or asset maintenance dimension in asset allocation, the existence of waqf land in Suka Maju Village has not been able to provide an impact or contribution to the income of the community or the village government. From a religious perspective, the existence of a religious institution that stands on waqf land in Suka Maju Village has had a positive impact in improving community welfare in the religious sector in the form of increasing piety. Therefore, the Suka Maju Village Government has carried out the role of waqf land in the form of religious protection or hifdz a-din, namely creating prosperity from a religious perspective.

Bullying in the school environment, especially at the high school level, has become an issue that is increasingly disturbing and urgent to be addressed. Many students who are victims of bullying experience lasting negative impacts, both psychologically and socially. This phenomenon not only affects students' academic lives, but can also result in serious emotional problems, such as depression and anxiety. Therefore, it is important to find effective solutions to prevent bullying behavior in schools. In this research, researchers used interview methods to explore in-depth data about individual experiences, opinions or feelings that are difficult to measure quantitatively. The role of Indonesian language teachers is very strategic. Apart from teaching language and literature, teachers have the opportunity to instill moral values ​​through selected learning materials. Literary works, for example, often contain themes of humanity and social interaction that are relevant to bullying behavior. By integrating Christian values ​​in language learning, teachers can help students understand the importance of empathy and compassion in relationships between people. From the results of research that has been conducted, it is clear that Indonesian language teachers at Marisi Medan Private High School have a crucial role in preventing bullying through instilling Christian values.

Burns are the destruction or death of tissue that occurs when tissue comes into contact with heat. Burned skin causes damage to the epidermis, dermis, and tissue lining under the skin on the causative factors and length of contact with heat sources. These burns are caused by human activities every day, whether in family work, companies, traffic accidents, or natural disasters. The purpose of this study is to find out an overview of the level of knowledge of mothers about first aid. This type of research uses a descriptive design, and sampling in this study uses an accidental sample with a total of 58 respondents. It can be concluded that this study obtained results from Definitions in the good category of 52 respondents (89.7%), as well as Etiology in the good category of 29 respondents (50.0%), and Implementation as many as 40 respondents (69.0%). It is hoped that with the increase in maternal knowledge about burns, nurses need to provide education and counseling to the community so that the level of maternal knowledge about burns can increase at the Romana Tanjung Anom Clinic 2024.

Ardiansyah. Evaluation of Regional Regulation Number 44 of 2002 concerning Peace and Order in Lima Belas Ilir Village, East Ilir I District. This study aims to: 1) Analyze and describe the Evaluation of Regional Regulation Number 44 of 2002 concerning Peace and Order in Lima Belas Ilir Village, East Ilir I District; 2) Analyze and describe the Supporting and Hindering Factors for the Evaluation of Regional Regulation No. 44 of 2002 concerning Peace and Order in Limabelas Ilir Village, East Ilir District I. The research design used in this study is qualitative descriptive. Descriptive research can be interpreted as a problem-solving procedure that is investigated by describing / describing the state of the subject/object of research (a person, institution, society and others) at the present time based on facts that appear or as they are (Nawawi in Klicit, 2008). The results of the study concluded that: 1) The implementation of Regional Regulation No. 44 of 2002 concerning Peace and Order in Limabelas Ilir Village, Ilir Timur I District has not been optimal so far. Problems related to peace and order still often occur, such as thuggery and violations by street vendors that disturb public order and order. Education has been carried out many times through socialization and approaches through local community leaders, but the number of violations has not been able to be suppressed and is still occurring. Related to this, the lack of a high level of public awareness in complying with the regulations is considered to be the main cause of frequent violations, plus the lack of optimal enforcement of violations committed, so that violators are not deterred and tend to be ordinary in committing violations; 2) Supporting Factors for the Evaluation of Regional Regulation No. 44 of 2002 concerning Peace and Order in Fifteen Ilir Village, East Ilir District I is the existence of clear rules or legal basis contained in Regional Regulation No. 44 of 2002 concerning Peace and Order itself, then the high commitment shown by the employees of the Fifteen Ilir Village Office. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factor is that there are still many residents of Lima Belas Ilir Village who do not understand Regional Regulation Number 44 of 2002, the level of public awareness in complying with regulations is still lacking, lack of supervision from related parties, so that in the implementation of Regional Regulation Number 44 of 2002 has not been able to be applied properly, and the approach taken to the community is still not optimal.

This study aims to increase student learning participation in creative product and entrepreneurship lessons for product assembly materials at SMK Negeri 2 Tangerang Regency using differentiated learning strategies. This type of research is a case study research. The subjects of this study are grade XII students of TITL 1 SMK Negeri 2 Tangerang Regency in the odd semester of the 2024/2025 school year totaling 51 people. The data collection instruments in this study are class observation and questionnaires. The research method uses a qualitative approach. This research was carried out in three meetings for learning activities, including the provision of treatment according to the learning style of each group. The results of the study show that by using differentiated learning strategies, the level of student learning participation increases. This can be seen from the level of enthusiasm of students in receiving learning. Thus, the researcher concluded that using differentiated learning strategies can increase student learning participation in creative product and entrepreneurship lessons, product assembly materials for grade XII TITL 1 SMK Negeri 2 Tangerang Regency. Therefore, teachers should use learning strategies that are in accordance with the learning needs of students to achieve the learning goals that have been determined. With the implementation of the right learning strategy, students are able to accommodate their learning needs.

Corruption is a crucial problem and an extraordinary crime that has wide-ranging impacts on society, the nation, and the state. The issue of corruption certainly requires serious attention. This cannot be separated from the fact that corruption has become commonplace, where its presence can be found from the central to regional levels, including rural areas. The cases of this crime continue to increase year by year. The rampant corruption cases necessitate eradication efforts involving every element of society by instilling anti-corruption values in daily life. This can be packaged through strengthening anti-corruption character as a strategic step by educating and reinforcing mental attitudes in a structured way to foster and strengthen anti-corruption behavior. The target for strengthening anti-corruption character is universal, regardless of age, gender, environment, or educational level. As long as a person can receive anti-corruption education, this step will be effective as a strategy to prevent and reduce corruption. Educational institutions are one of the bodies that need to implement anti-corruption education programs, as seen at Mega Islamic Boarding School High School in Semarang City. The eradication of corruption by instilling anti-corruption education is very important, especially for students, as they are the younger generation who will one day hold the future of the nation. Moreover, Mega Islamic Boarding School High School in Semarang City is an Islamic-based educational institution, which firmly holds that corruption is forbidden because it threatens human safety and causes harm to dignity and wealth, and those who commit it will face penalties not only in this world but also in the hereafter

One of the advanges of an island nation is possessing abundant natural resource potentials. Kanigoro Village which located at Kapanewon Saptosari, Gunung Kidul is a kind of village that has many natural resource potentials. To maximize the natural resource potentials in Kanigoro Village, field study students of Sebelas Maret University plan to create a village potential mapping. Implemented Methods of field study program involve some  activities such as students provision, location placement, and implementation of program. Facilities located at Kanigoro Village are sufficient to provide it’s living such as formal and nonformal education, health facilities, government facilities such hall village to anticipate disasters for example tsunami and landslide. In general, it is also explained that the education level of the people of Kanigoro village is relatively high. Kanigoro Village possess a huge potential in tourism and culture. Those huge potential need to be improved as an attraction in order to attract tourists to visit Kanigoro Village.

This research  aimed  to  investigate  the  impact  of education  level  and  motivation  on awareness  of paying parking  fees  in the  Pasar Tingkat Maumere parking  area, Sikka Regency, East  Nusa   Tenggara.The  research  population  comprised  users  of  patking services,including  both  two-wheeled  and  four-wheeled  vehicles,in  the  Pasar  Tingkat Maumere  parking   area. The   research   employed   a   quantitative   research   approach, employing  the  survey  method. The  scope  of  the  research  included  two  independent variables (educational level  and motivation) and one  dependent variable  (awareness  of paying parking fees).The data sources consisted of both primary and secondary data.The data was collected by distributing 67 random sampling questionnaires.The data analysis technique used included descriptive statistics,multiple linear regression,data quality test, classical assumption test,and hypothesis test. The results of the research indicated that (1) Educational Level affected Awareness of Paying Parking Fees, (2)Motivation affected Awareness of Paying Parking Fees, and (3)both Education Level and Motivation had a simultaneous effect on Awareness of Paying Parking Fees.

The Indonesian government has implemented various programs to improve public welfare; however, social assistance often misses its target, primarily due to a lack of accurate data. Sirapit Subdistrict, as a government institution, has access to important population data for policy development, particularly in the distribution of aid based on community welfare levels. Factors such as education, age, number of dependents, and income play a significant role in determining an individual's welfare. To address this issue, this study proposes the use of the Apriori method to analyze the factors affecting population welfare. The Apriori method is a data mining algorithm useful for discovering association patterns within a dataset. The study results show that with a support value of 3% and a confidence level of 100%, a pattern was found where residents with a high school education, 1-2 dependents, aged 35-45 years, earning Rp 500,000 - Rp 999,999, and with a low welfare level tend to work as laborers. These findings are expected to serve as a foundation for formulating more targeted policies to improve community welfare in Sirapit Subdistrict.