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The doctrine of humans and sin from a Christian theological perspective emphasizes that humans are created in the image of God, with free will and moral responsibility. However, through the fall into sin, humans experience separation from God and damage to relationships with others and creation. Sin is understood as a violation of God’s law, resulting in spiritual and physical death. This research explores the concept of original sin inherited from Adam and Eve as well as sinful acts committed by individuals. By referring to the Bible and theological views from various sources, this research provides an understanding of the importance of sin in human life and efforts to restore relationships through God’s grace.

Based on the study and understanding that the Bible is God's Word which is the foundation of faith for every believer to be able to provide life transformation to glorify Christ in church life, this research will examine and formulate theologically inspiration from a Biblical perspective in responding to the challenges of false teachings about God. The result achieved through a literary approach is that the Bible is the Word of God inspired by the Holy Spirit which also inspired writers to proclaim the news about the Kingdom of God for mankind. Apart from that, the Bible is used as a benchmark for preaching the Word in church life. The implication for the reformatory church is that the church must return to the Bible just as the reformers thought in accordance with the Sola principle.

The doctrine of God consists of five main topics, namely theological guidance, the existence of Allah, the attributes of God, the names of God and the works of God. The aim of understanding the doctrine of God is to recognize God from a Christian perspective, as well as the nature and identity of God, understanding the Triune God, and also the attributes of God. The method used is a qualitative method using a literature review containing books containing the doctrine of God, as well as several supporting journals in discussing this doctrine. From this research, there were findings regarding the view of God in Christianity in the form of a different understanding of how God manifests Himself as well as the qualities or things found in God based on the contents of the Bible. Even though God cannot truly be understood in its entirety through understanding the human mind, we can understand God's existence through the truth contained in the Bible.

This study examines lecturers’ resistance to the development of digital technology in learning in the era of modern education. The purpose of the study was to identify barriers to explore factors that contribute to higher education resistance to the integration of digital technology in higher education. This method used a mixed methods approach , utilizing a survey to assess lecturers’ attitudes toward digital technology and interviews to provide deeper insights into personal experiences and perceived barriers. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify common themes and patterns related to resistance with faculty members from various disciplines across institutions. The innovation in this study lies in a holistic approach that integrates faculty perspectives and institutional policies. And professional development and training on modern learning theories and the application of digital technologies in education. The results of this study underscore the need for tailored support and training initiatives to improve skills and confidence in the use of digital technologies so as to address specific issues and barriers identified by faculty by integrating technology into teaching towards effectiveness and can improve student learning experiences in this increasingly digital era.

This study examines the legality of pig valve transplantation in humans from an Islamic perspective, with the aim of understanding the differences of opinion that exist among scholars and medical professionals. This literature review identified two main views: first, arguments in favor of the use of pig valves in emergency situations, which adhere to the principle that patient safety should be the top priority. Proponents of this view argue that in critical conditions, such as heart failure, the use of pig valves can be justified to save lives, given the limited halal alternatives available. Second, there is a view that rejects the use of pig valves, arguing that the laws of halal and haram in Islam cannot be ignored, even in a medical context. Opponents argue that more sharia-compliant solutions should be sought, such as the use of valves made from synthetic materials or halal animals. This study shows that the legal issue of pig valve transplantation is multidimensional, encompassing medical, ethical, and religious aspects. Therefore, a constructive dialogue is needed between scholars, medical practitioners, and the community to find a solution that is acceptable to all parties, while respecting Islamic principles in medical decision-making.

This article aims to analyze the psychological aspects of the main character in the novel "Aku Tak MemHAT Hujan" by Sri Puji Hartini. Using a qualitative approach, this study examines the internal conflict faced by the main character and the influence of the environment on character development. The results of the analysis show that the main character experiences significant changes in her life perspective and interpersonal relationships, where traumatic experiences play an important role in the process of self-acceptance. This study also discusses how social interactions and emotional support from those closest to her help the main character in her psychological journey. Thus, this article aims to provide insight into the psychological complexity of the main character and its relevance in the context of everyday life.

Character education is very important in this modern era, especially in creating children of the nation who have good attitudes. Therefore, the researcher wants to find out the extent of character education from Abdullah Nashih Ulwan's perspective and its relevance to contemporary educational theory. If we apply it in character education, according to Abdullah Nashih Ulwan, maybe I can apply it contemporary, adapted to the development of this contemporary education. The following are these articles: 1) Biography of Abdullah Nashih Ulwan, 2) Character education, 3) Purpose of character education, 4) Character education according to Abdullah Nasih Ulwan, and 5) Relevance of Abdullah Nashih Ulwan's thoughts on character education in contemporary education. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method to analyze the data that has been collected and uses an isometric analysis method. Examples of this type of data processing techniques are document creation, data processing, analysis, and the process of drawing conclusions. Character education is a deliberate attempt to help a person or student to understand and act on core ethical values ​​based on research results. The purpose of character education is a unique system for assessing a person's character based on the concept of composition, consciousness, or will, and is used to assess a person's character in the context of God Almighty. According to Abdullah Nashih Ulwan, a character school is also called a moral school. This requires the study of moral principles as well as attitudes and character. Abdullah Nashih Ulwan's relevance to contemporary higher education in terms of character education is moral and moral education.

Hypertension is an increase in systolic blood pressure of more than 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure of more than 90 mmHg in two measurements with an interval of five minutes in a state of sufficient rest/calm. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the cost-effectiveness of antihypertensive drug combination therapy in BPJS inpatient hypertension patients at Prambanan Regional Hospital, Yogyakarta. This research was conducted non-experimentally using a descriptive research design of retrospective health phenomena based on a hospital perspective. The data used is secondary data (in the form of medical record data, financial data) and the research design used is cross-sectional. Inclusion criteria are hypertensive patients ≥18 years old with a primary diagnosis of stage II hypertension with or without comorbidities with BPJS payment. Cost effectiveness was carried out using the ACER and ICER methods. The results of the study showed that the most effective combination of antihypertensives was a combination of ACEI with diuretics. The direct medical costs for the combination of CCB and ACEI are IDR 1,229,906. The use of a combination of ACEI with diuretics is the most cost-effective with an ACER value of IDR. 14,313 and an ICER value of  IDR. 10,070.

This study aims to find Jesus' perspective on the Law of Moses and apply Jesus' teachings contained in John 7:53-8:11 in the lives of believers. The scribes and Pharisees wanted to test Jesus by bringing a woman caught in adultery. They asked Jesus about the Law of Moses which regulates the punishment for adultery to blame Him. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a library research approach. In this study, a Biblical study was conducted, especially the New Testament using exegetical steps. The results of the study show that Jesus did not reject the implementation of the Law of Moses. The death penalty was not carried out for the woman because of the wrong motivation of the scribes and Pharisees. They wanted to test Jesus by using the adulterous woman as a tool. Jesus fulfilled the Law of Moses by implementing love as the main thing in carrying out the punishment. Although the death penalty is no longer enforced, believers must be able to apply love in punishing people who commit adultery. Believers must emulate Jesus' attitude of forgiving with love and giving an opportunity to repent. Believers must also not tempt God, not exploit others for personal gain, and must introspect in every action.

The purpose of this study was to determine the perspectives of theology study program students on healthy dating based on Christian ethics. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method. Data were collected through observation and interviews with eight theology study program students from 2020-2021. The results of the study showed that students have three main views related to the foundations of healthy dating, namely: Good communication, mutual respect, and maintaining bodily purity. Based on interviews with eight students, it was found that these three perspectives are very important in building harmonious relationships and in accordance with dating ethics. However, students face challenges in maintaining healthy relationships, including environmental influences, temptations of lust, and unclear goals in relationships. For this reason, the application of boundaries and education regarding healthy dating is very necessary to help students understand and live relationships that are in accordance with Christian values. This study is expected to contribute to instilling ethical dating values ​​among theology students.

Holiness of life is a pattern of life based on the truth of God's Word, which is very important for students to apply in their daily lives. However, the sanctity of life is increasingly rare due to various factors. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the level of sanctity of life in college students. The method used is qualitative, with data collection through searching and selecting relevant articles from scientific sources. The results show that there are two types of factors that affect the sanctity of life: general factors that are often experienced by university students, and specific factors that originate from within Christianity. Students need to be vigilant, selective, and strive to maintain the sanctity of life in the midst of various challenges.

The aim of this research is to conduct a semiotic analysis of the artistic symbols and da'wah messages in the Jaranan Tril Turonggo Mudo Dance from Blitar, East Java. This study employs a qualitative research approach, with the subjects including dancers, cultural figures, and members of the community who appreciate the Jaranan Tril performance and possess in-depth knowledge about it. These subjects consist of one spiritual leader, one trainer, two dancers, and one resident of Gogodeso Village, Kanigoro District, Blitar Regency. Informants were selected using purposive sampling. Data collection techniques included interviews, observation, documentation, and literature review. The data were analyzed qualitatively using a descriptive method, with the analysis results presented in narrative form to explain the phenomena examined in this research. The findings reveal that the Jaranan Tril Dance performance is divided into three acts: the opening act (bukak kalangan), the main session, and the final session (kesurupan) and closure. Each session carries symbolic meaning. The opening act is intended to seek protection from the Creator and symbolizes the start of the Jaranan Tril Dance performance. This session includes an introductory sequence of five movement types that express the prowess of warriors or knights as heroes, embodying boldness and courage. The main session features three movement types symbolizing warfare. The kesurupan (trance) and closing session hold symbolic meaning related to beliefs in the existence of other, unseen life forms, or invisible spirits. During the kesurupan session, the possessed dancers (caplokan) perform unconscious actions and feats.  This study recommends that future researchers interested in similar topics explore other types of Jaranan dances found across Java, which may offer new and deeper perspectives on the cultural and symbolic richness of Jaranan dance in this region.

Relapse is a relapse behavior that repeatedly occurs after undergoing rehabilitation characterized by the emergence of addictive mindsets, behaviors and actions after the withdrawal period. Drug cases create a sense of dependence caused by several factors, namely family factors, social factors, employment factors, psychological factors and spiritual factors. That's why the case causes uncontrolled emotions of wanting to collect. The focus of the research is to analyze in depth the psychospiritual of ODGPZ who experience continuous relapse in the Rehabilitation Workshop. The term psychospiritual refers to psychology and spirituality where the psychological dimension affects the spiritual experience and the spiritual dimension can affect psychology. Spirituality and psychology include the search for identity which raises various questions that can cause problems in oneself that make oneself anxious, depressed, unstable mood and feeling like they have no purpose in life. Psychospirituality is used as a tool or analytical knife for counselors to dismantle spiritual problems experienced by counselors and see patterns of relapsed behavior. The purpose of the study was to determine the pattern of relapse behavior for the ODGPZ group and analyze the pattern of relapse behavior using a psychospiritual perspective at the BNN Deli Serdang Rehabilitation Workshop. This study uses a qualitative research methodology with a case study method to clients who have experienced relapse. Data collection techniques were obtained by initial observation, interviews and documentation. The results of the analysis showed that the pattern of relapse behavior by ODGPZ was extraordinary enjoyment, suggestions from ODGPZ friends, increasing the spirit of activity, escaping from problems, and pressure and stigma from society. After the pattern was analyzed using a psychospiritual lens, the author found that there were clients who still found it difficult to refuse offers from ODGPZ friends, there were errors in interpreting the theological message of the Bible text, all problems were solved with drugs, finding meaning and purpose in life and social change. Therefore, psychospirituality is closely related to the intellectual and emotional of the individual which affects the mindset and behavior of individuals, especially drug user.

The technological revolution accelerated by Artificial Intelligence (AI) has fundamentally changed the paradigm of leadership and human resource management. Digital leadership is now an essential competency for organizations that want to survive and thrive in the face of the challenges of the technological disruption era. This research aims to understand the role of digital leadership in the human capital transformation process, especially in the context of AI adoption by modern organizations.The post-qualitative approach allows research to capture the evolving and diverse dynamics in a digitized organizational environment. It is more open to different forms of data, both structured and unstructured, and recognizes the complexity and ambiguity in digital leadership practices. This research utilizes open-ended interviews and participatory observation, facilitated by interpretive narrative to understand the process of human capital transformation. The main results of the study show that digital leadership plays a key role in facilitating human capital transformation, with an emphasis on adaptive skills development, data-driven decision-making and closer collaboration between people and technology. This transformation is not only technical in nature but also involves changes in organizational culture and structure. This research makes an important contribution by offering a new perspective in leadership studies through a post-qualitative approach.

Evangelism in the modern era faces unique challenges and opportunities, especially in the context of a pluralistic society and digital technology. This article looks at evangelism from the perspective of Kiyai Sadrach, a Javanese Christian figure known for his contextualised and inclusive approach. Through this analysis, it will look at how Kiyai Sadrach's principles can be applied in the modern context to promote relevant and effective evangelism.

This study examines the transformation of waqf in the digital era through the waqf crowdfunding model and cash waqf savings products from the perspective of Maqashid Syariah. Waqf, which is traditionally manifested in the form of immovable assets, has now developed into movable assets such as cash waqf, supported by Law No. 41 of 2004. Digital innovations, such as waqf crowdfunding, allow wider community participation with small amounts for productive social projects, while cash waqf savings products in Islamic banking manage funds productively with the proceeds channeled to education, health, and public infrastructure. Despite having great potential in socio-economic development and in line with the Hifdzu Maal principle in Maqashid Syariah, the implementation of digital waqf still faces challenges such as unclear regulations, lack of public awareness, risk of mismanagement, and limited investment. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach, case studies, and normative-sociological with in-depth interviews, documentation, and literature studies as data collection techniques. The research subjects were selected through purposive sampling. Data analysis using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, as well as triangulation of sources and methods for data validity. The results of the study are expected to provide theoretical contributions and practical recommendations for the management of digital waqf that is professional, transparent, and beneficial to the community.  

With the rapid increase in global population and the ongoing depletion of agricultural land, food security faces an escalating threat. CRISPR genetic engineering technology offers immense potential to enhance crop resilience and productivity. However, its application raises significant ethical concerns, both from a bioethical perspective and within the framework of Islamic values. This article examines core principles of bioethics and Islamic ethics to explore the morally conscious integration of genetic technology. Through a comprehensive literature review, it underscores the necessity of a collaborative approach involving scientists, policymakers, and religious leaders to establish ethical guidelines for its responsible use. The findings highlight the critical need to strike a balance between technological innovation and the preservation of moral principles. By adhering to ethical standards rooted in both modern bioethics and Islamic teachings, genetic technologies such as CRISPR can be harnessed to address food security challenges by improving crop productivity and fortifying resistance to diseases and extreme environmental stressors, without compromising moral integrity.

The development of digital technology has brought about significant changes in various aspects of life, including one’s faith and how the church functions. In this article, we discuss the concept of Missio Dei (God’s mission) in the context of the digital age. We also explore how this concept can be applied to the church’s strategies and roles, particularly those of specialised ministers. This article identifies the challenges and opportunities facing the church as it proclaims the Gospel in the digital space, including the risks of digital fatigue, the spread of false teachings, and excessive reliance on media. Specialised ministers play a crucial role in maintaining theological integrity and ethical standards while bridging the Gospel message with digital culture. Conversely, digital media opens new doors for creative ministry, global evangelism, and the formation of bold faith communities. It is added that digital ethics are essential for maintaining the integrity of the Gospel and the dignity of the congregation. Overall, this research asserts that the technological era is not an obstacle to the church’s purpose. Rather, it is a new field that requires faith, wisdom, and innovation to be utilised.  

The Implementation of Smoke-Free Areas (KTR) is an important effort in tobacco control to protect the public from the dangers of smoking. This research aims to analyze the comparative implementation of KTR regulations between Indonesia and Singapore using Lawrence M. Friedman's legal system approach, which includes components of legal substance, legal structure, and legal culture. The research method employed is normative juridical with a comparative legal approach, using secondary data collected through literature study and analyzed qualitatively. The research results show that in terms of legal substance, KTR regulations in Singapore are more comprehensive and stringent with heavy sanctions, while in Indonesia they remain partial with relatively light sanctions. In the legal structure aspect, Singapore has a more effective system of supervision and law enforcement with technological support and adequate human resources, whereas Indonesia still faces coordination challenges between institutions and limited supervisory personnel. From the legal culture perspective, the level of awareness and compliance of Singaporean society towards KTR regulations is higher compared to Indonesia, which is still influenced by a permissive culture towards smoking behavior.    

The purpose of this research is to find out Al-Shatibi's fatwa perspective. This research uses a type of library research. The research carried out is descriptive in nature where the researcher collects words instead of a series of numbers for this research, which in essence these words can provide an overview or present existing problems and solutions. The data analysis used is content analysis. A fatwa is a response to a question asked by a fatwa seeker (mustafti>). Whether questions are asked by individuals, institutions or collectives. In general, fatwas are issued in response to questions about current shari'ah problems. The legal basis (the arguments for the enactment of a fatwa are as stated in the Qur'an). The position of a fatwa in the Islamic legal system is very important considering that social problems are increasing day by day and becoming more complex. Moreover, a fatwa is an explanation of sharia law for certain problems which are not all people can understand it. The ways to give fatwa according to al-Shatibi are divided into three: a). With the words (bi al-Qaul)., b). By deeds (bi al-Fi'il), c). and determination (bi al-Iqrar). As for determining a fatwa with words, this is the model of determining that is considered the most widely used. by a mufti>. Meanwhile, determining a fatwa by deeds occupies the position of the model of determining a fatwa by words because this second model is an explanation (al-Mus}}rih} of the first model of determining a fatwa. The concept of al-Sha>tabi>'s fatwa is a theory that was born in his time with a portrait of life that is of course different from today. Therefore, there are three things which – according to researchers – still leave "records" that need to be studied more deeply, namely al-d}aru>riyya>t al-khams, al-istiqra>' al-ma'nawi>, changes fatwa and its understanding of heresy