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There are many problems of deviance that can affect the character building of young people in Indonesia. Thus, learning ethics needs to be given to a child, including children with special needs. This literature review aims to obtain information about the role of Pancasila as an effort to build the ethics of children with special needs to be able to get along in the community. This research uses 6 reference sources, with source searches through google scholar. The results of this study inform that it is very important to foster national awareness and insight, especially in special schools, especially for children with emotional disability (Tunalaras). Efforts to build children's character are carried out through Pancasila Character Learning, especially for those with emotional difficulties. the purpose of Pancasila character education is to instill moral values and good habits in students so that they can feel positive values and get used to acting in a good way based on their religion and customs.

The problem in the study carried out is that it provides an understanding regarding student learning in Civics learning which is still not good, especially because the teacher only uses the classroom environment and places more emphasis on taking notes from textbooks. In addition, student participation in asking and answering questions during learning activities is still lacking, which makes them less motivated to learn. Using the Teams Games Tournament approach, this study aims to improve Civics learning outcomes and student involvement in the learning process in class IV SDN Blega 1 unit "GOTONG ROYONG". Planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting are the four steps of classroom action learning carried out over two cycles. At SDN Blega 1, the research participants were grade IV students. The authors tested, interviewed, and made observations while developing a data collection methodology. Based on the findings of the data analysis, it was found that students learned more about human collaboration in the Civics curriculum. Whereas in Cycle I 44% of students passed the KKM, and 56% of students did not pass, after being given instructions, Cycle II used the Teams Games Tournament approach to carry out learning achievement tests, so that the number of students who passed increased. 32 people or 89%, while the decrease in the number of students who did not pass was 4 people or 11%, and Cycle III increased the number of students who passed by 36 people or with a percentage of 100%. Civics learning outcomes for class IV SDN Blega 1 can be improved through learning activities with the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) paradigm.    

Abstract consist of the background of the problem, The results of the interviews also explained that teachers had difficulty making teaching aids or learning media so that they experienced obstacles in providing material to students. Based on the background of the problem and needs analysis, the formulation of the problem is the validity of Exploding Box 3D Audio Visual media, practicality of Exploding Box 3D Audio Visual media, Effectiveness of Exploding Box 3D Audio Visual media. Based on data analysis and discussion of research results, then associated with the formulation of the problem and research objectives, it was concluded that the validation of the media developed by the researchers received an assessment of 94%, meaning that the reliability of the media obtained results worthy of slight revisions. Validation of the material developed by researchers received an assessment reaches 89%, meaning that the reliability of the material in the media gets decent results with a little revision, the practicality validation of the media developed by researchers gets an assessment from the teacher validator reaches 95%, it means that the practicality reliability of the media gets decent results with a little revision, the practical validation of the media developed by researchers gets an assessment From the responses of the students, it was obtained that the percentage mode was ≥ 80% with the category suitable for use. Validation of the effectiveness of the media developed by researchers. From the 10 questionnaire statements, the mode percentage was obtained ≥ 90% with the category suitable for use, and the results of critical thinking test questions from the pretest value of 54% with the value of the increase in the posttest from the value of 95%. Therefore it can be concluded that the pretest data for students' critical thinking skills is very good because they have reached the specified KKM

Problems in learning writing did not seem to find a bright spot in education. Teachers tried to find solutions by evaluating learning materials and learning media. Recently, the solution of the writing problem had become a major concern. Thus, this research aimed to design technology-based learning materials referred to interactive videos with target learner seventh graders. This methodology used design development research (DDR). Data were sourced from junior high schools in Jabodetabek. The main data for designing were the results of the analysis learning materials, learning objectives, and interview result with teacher. The design of interactive video paid attention to the main aspects including the characteristics of interactive video, learning objectives, and students' needs. In addition, time efficiency was also important to maintain students' motivation in learning. Through interactive video, students' engagement in interacting with the learning content was the key to successful learning. Therefore, the result of this design showed this media has high potential to be implemented in writing class.

This research is based on the problems found based on the results of interviews with mathematics teachers and students at SMPN 1 Lareh Sago Halaban that the media used in the learning process only uses the blackboard with lecture and discussion methods, there is no technology-based learning media, especially educational games that are used by teachers to students related to mathematics lessons caused a lack of interest and activeness of students in mathematics subjects. Based on this, the solution given is to design a learning media. The purpose of this research is to produce learning media products in the form of educational games with the help of software Building 2 mathematics subjects at SMPN 1 Lareh Sago Halaban. The design of mathematics education games uses the construct 2 design application at SMPN 1 Lareh Sago Halaban with the Research and Development (R&D) research method using the MDLC (Multimedia Development Life Cycle) development model from Luther Sutopo the development model is explained in 6 stages, namely Concept, Design, Materials Collection, Assembly, Testing and Distribution. The product test used in the research is the validity test, practicality test, and effectiveness test. The product test results show that the educational games designed are valid, practical and effective. For the results of the validity test of three validators, the score was 0.88, the practical test by 3 practi- tators was 0.97, and the effectiveness test of twenty people was 0.92.

This research aims to determine the effect of applying a problem-based learning model with the following variables: 1) teacher activity, 2) student activity, and 3) cognitive learning outcomes of grade XI students, on competency standard choux paste at SMKN 2 Mojokerto. This type of research is experimental with a pretest-posttest control group design and uses two classes that act as experimental and control classes. The instruments used were pretest-posttest questions and observation sheets of teacher and student activities. Data analysis was carried out by independent sample t-test using SPSS 25 for Windows. The results of the independent sample t-test test for the pretest showed that the pretest in the two classes was not significantly different and it could be concluded that the two classes had the same initial ability. While the results of the independent t-test test for the posttest obtained a Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.034 which means that the significance value is <0,05. The conclusions on the results of this research are: 1) teacher activity is classified in the very good category, 2) student activity is classified in the very good category, and 3) student's cognitive learning outcomes in the experimental class have increased more than the control class.

The main problem in this study is how culture encourages achievement motivation of students studying Social Sciences and how the form of achievement motivation of students learning Social Sciences in class V UPT SDF Negeri Kakatua. This study aims to find out the form of learning in encouraging student achievement motivation in social studies and to find out the form of achievement motivation of fifth grade students at UPT SDF Negeri Kakatua.This type of research is qualitative research and uses a qualitative descriptive approach. The subjects in this study were 2 class teachers and 5 students of class V UPT SDF Negeri Kakatua. Data collection techniques using: observation, interviews, and documentation. While the validity of the data in this study uses source triangulation.The results of the study show that: (1) the student learning culture has been implemented by the teacher who teaches in the class (2) student achievement motivation is important in achieving learning achievement The teacher's role is very important to improve student achievement by providing achievement motivation.Based on the results of the research above, it can be concluded (1) Student learning culture is something that needs to be implemented by teachers and carried out by students to support student behavior at school and outside school (2) achievement motivation needs to be given to students to support student achievement and student learning outcomes .

Efforts to Increase Child Entrepreneurship in PAUD/TK institutions. Everyone needs to have an entrepreneurial spirit, including children at an early age. Entrepreneurship education is not just about educating prospective entrepreneurs or teaching children how to make money from an early age, but also about growing and developing the character that already exists in children. The purpose of this study was to: find out whether there are changes in children's habits and attitudes after doing fun activities in farming and increasing entrepreneurial spirit from an early age. This research uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method by collecting and analyzing journals related to the word key. Based on the literature study conducted, it was found that the importance of planting and increasing understanding of the concept of entrepreneurship from an early age starting from early childhood education, this implementation needs examples in the form of activities carried out by playing to provide a good understanding of students. Another problem, students are less motivated to look for reference materials related to the material provided. Based on the analysis of learning tools, the entrepreneurship material being taught is still not sustainable so that the expected competencies are not clear. In addition, learning activities are still centered on the teacher. The results of the analysis of reference books to see the contents of the material, especially the main economic activity material. Instilling an entrepreneurial spirit from an early age makes children have a strong business spirit, sense of responsibility and independence. Efforts to Increase Child Entrepreneurship in PAUD/TK institutions. Everyone needs to have an entrepreneurial spirit, including children at an early age. Entrepreneurship education is not just about educating prospective entrepreneurs or teaching children how to make money from an early age, but also about growing and developing the character that already exists in children. The purpose of this study was to: find out whether there are changes in children's habits and attitudes after doing fun activities in farming and increasing entrepreneurial spirit from an early age. This research uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method by collecting and analyzing journals related to the word key. Based on the literature study conducted, it was found that the importance of planting and increasing understanding of the concept of entrepreneurship from an early age starting from early childhood education, this implementation needs examples in the form of activities carried out by playing to provide a good understanding of students. Another problem, students are less motivated to look for reference materials related to the material provided. Based on the analysis of learning tools, the entrepreneurship material being taught is still not sustainable so that the expected competencies are not clear. In addition, learning activities are still centered on the teacher. The results of the analysis of reference books to see the contents of the material, especially the main economic activity material. Instilling an entrepreneurial spirit from an early age makes children have a strong business spirit, sense of responsibility and independence.

This article reviews the influence of netizen comments on the mental health of parents of children with special needs. The research analyzed in the article is based on the background of the problem that negative comments have a significant impact on the mental health of parents with disabilities, so this research aims to address the stigmatization and discrimination of persons with disabilities and their families on social media and encourage people to treat them with the same respect and understanding as other people. This type of research is qualitative research with a naturalistic paradigm. The method used in the assignment article for the Indonesian Language Education course is a systematic literature review (SLR). The research instrument is a survey and the researcher is the key instrument. The data source for this research is the results of a survey of several comments on the social media accounts of parents of children with special needs. The result is making learning media in the form of posters or videos, and others about the effect of bad comments on the mental health of parents of children with special needs as well as the importance of being responsible and being wise in writing comments on social media.

Learning strategies can be interpreted as an outline of a course or general patterns of activities carried out by an educator and students in the embodiment of teaching and learning activities to achieve the goals outlined. There are several problems found by researchers in research locations, especially in the learning process of Akidah Akhlak at MTsS Miftahul Huda Silikuan Hulu Village, Ukui District, namely, students are not able to directly absorb the material presented by the teacher, lack of enthusiasm of students in class when learning Akidah Akhlak which causes some students to not care about the material presented by the teacher, and the teacher's lack of understanding of the application of learning strategies which can be seen from the learning process the teacher only uses monotonous learning strategies so that it does not increase the learning enthusiasm of students in the classroom. This research includes qualitative research, the data collected is in the form of words and pictures, in this case it is explaining how teachers use learning strategies. Researchers collected data through interviews, documentation, and field notes. Data were analyzed in three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. Techniques for guaranteeing the validity of the data are source triangulation, technical triangulation, and time triangulation. Based on the results of the research that the researchers conducted, it can be concluded that: (1) The strategies used by the aqidah moral teachers in class VIII semester 2 of MTsS Miftahul Huda Siliuan Hulu Village, Ukui District, namely problem-based strategies, discovery learning strategies, and cooperative learning strategies (2) Steps -Steps for implementing learning strategies in the subject of Aqidah Akhlak a. Opening learning activities, b. Explain the competence to be achieved, c. Educators help students define organizing tasks. d. Educators and students arrange tasks together. e. Students collect information according to the problem being discussed. f. Educators supervise the course of learning activities g. The teacher gives an explanation of the material. (3) Obstacles faced in implementing the implementation of the learning strategy of aqidah morals at MTsS Miftahul Huda Silikuan Hulu Village, namely the lack of teacher preparation in implementing learning, for the learning process to be carried out suddenly.

In the learning process there will definitely be problems, both problems from the delivery of material by the teacher, problems from students, or inadequate facilities. There are many problems in learning the moral creed at MTsN 4 Fifty Cities, starting from a lack of enthusiasm for learning the moral creed. There are still students who are less active, feel bored in participating in the learning process and do not pay attention to what is conveyed by the teacher, children are indifferent to the assignments and notes given. This research is a descriptive qualitative research, the data collected is in the form of words, in this case it is explaining the problems of learning aqidah morals. Researchers collected data through interviews, documentation, and field notes. Data were analyzed in three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. Techniques for guaranteeing the validity of the data are source triangulation, technical triangulation, and time triangulation. Based on the results of the research that the researchers conducted, it can be concluded that: (1) The learning process of Aqidah Akhlak at MTsN 4 Fifty Kota is still in the development stage and is trying to achieve the best. By providing facilities and infrastructure to support the learning of aqidah morals, (2) The problems of learning Akidah Akhlak Class 7 at MTsN 4 Fifty Kota can be seen from two factors, namely, first, internal factors, namely problems that generally occur in teachers and students. The problem of the teacher's aqidah morals is how to convince children of the unseen and convince them to adhere to true Islamic beliefs, from students, namely they often don't focus when studying, feel bored, sleepy in class. Problems from external factors, namely the incompatibility between learning materials of the moral creed and its application in the school, family and community environment. (3) In overcoming problems related to internal factors, namely the efforts made by the teacher to overcome these problems by continuing to improve competence, MGMP activities, continuing to actively communicate with students.

This research is motivated by a phenomenon from the author's observations about the low student learning outcomes caused by several factors, including the low attention of students in attending Islamic Religious Education lessons. One of the causes of the problems that arise is the inaccuracy of the use of methods in learning. So, in this study the researcher will choose a method that is considered to be able to improve student learning outcomes, namely by using the demonstration method. This research uses a quantitative experimental approach. Collecting data in this study the authors obtained through tests and documentation. This study used 44 students as a population and 44 students as a sample. The data analysis technique that the author did was a prerequisite analysis test in the form of a data normality test, homogenesis. Then the final data analysis the author uses is the t-test. Based on the results of the study it can be understood that the results of the researchers' calculations using the t-test and SPSS 20 where the t-test obtained the results tcount = 4.11713736 and ttable = 1.714, then tcount > ttable then H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, and calculations using SPSS 20 yield results which are 2-tailed significant values or sig values. (2-tailed) = 0.000 at the significance level α = 0.05. Because the significant value of 2-tailed <α, i.e. 0.000 <0.05, H0 is rejected. So it can be concluded that demonstrations are effective in improving student learning outcomes in class VIII.2 PAI subjects at SMPN 4 Kec. Lareh Sago Halaban.

In Indonesia, English is the first foreign language that is studied as a compulsory subject from junior high school to university. English is a very basic and important requirement in Indonesia. This is evident in the development of the current education system, English has been included as one of the subjects tested in the national exam. Based on the observations of class IX students at SMP Negeri Sukadana, in preparation for the national exam, many students still had difficulty answering English questions: reading skills. One of the causal factors of these student problems is the lack of practice by applying strategies to answer questions and do not have the skills to easily predict questions that will appear during the national exam. In addition, the lack of interest in learning English is also a major factor in learning English. Based on the results of the community service activities, it was shown that class IX students at SMP Negeri Sukadana were motivated so that they could optimize their abilities and skills in answering English questions: reading skills. Thus it can be concluded that in this service program students have gained experience in implementing strategies for quick predictions in identifying the right answers.

This study aims to determine the effect of applying the problem-based learning model with the following research variables: (1) teacher activity; (2) student activities; (3) students' cognitive learning outcomes; and (4) students' responses by applying the Problem-Based learning model to the Basic Spices material and their Derivatives. This research was conducted in class X Culinary 3 SMKN 2 Mojokerto.             This type of research is quasi-experimental or quasi-experimental. This research was applied to class X Culinary 3 with a total of 33 students. The data in the study were obtained by several methods, namely: observation, written test (pre-test, post-test), and questionnaires. The data analysis technique used the Paired Sample T-Test.             The results of the study show: (1) the teacher's activities are in the very good category; (2) student activity is in very good category; (3) Resultspre-testand the student post-test with paired t test showed a significant value of 0.001 <0.005; (4) student responses are in very good category.

One of the most crucial language components that students should master is vocabulary. It is caused vocabulary is always used in everyday activities. Nevertheless, the students have difficulty when learning vocabulary and the lack of ability of students in remembering new vocabulary in English. Based on the problems, as a resulted to conduct teaching vocabulary mastery by the use of media namely word wall to help students improving their vocabulary mastery. This research was conducted to the seventh grade of SMPN 3 Kec. Pangkalan Koto Baru. In this study, researcher used quantitative method with quasi-experimental design by comparing two classes. The subject of this study was seventh grade, namely VII1 and VII2. VII1 was experimental class with 25 students and VII2 was control class with 25 students. The research instrument was vocabulary test. The data was analyzed by using Independent Sample t-test in SPSS 26. This study indicated that there was significant difference in achievement of students’ vocabulary mastery between the students who were taught by using word wall media and without using Word Wall media. It can be seen from p-value which was smaller than the alpha value (0.000<0.05). From the results of the data, teaching vocabulary mastery through word wall media gave more significant effect to increase students’ vocabulary mastery.

This study aims to find out how to improve students' mathematical creative thinking skills after using the Problem Based Learning model assisted by Geogebra media and to find out how students' answers process in solving problems on the mathematical creative thinking ability test after applying the Problem Based Learning model assisted by Geogebra media. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (PTK) which was conducted in two cycles, the subjects in the study were class IX-3 MTs Citra Abdi Negoro, totaling 27 students. This research is said to be successful if it meets the indicators of success, namely, (1) The level of students' mathematical creative thinking ability increases with a value of ≥ 85% at least in the medium category, (2) The process of completing student answers with a value of ≥60% at least in the good category, (3) The results student and teacher observations show a good category. Based on the results of the study, the average initial ability test score of 58.10 increased to 61.34 in cycle I and 80.55 in cycle II. There was also an increase in classical completeness, in the creative thinking ability test of 8 students (29.63%) in the initial ability test increased to 12 students (44.44%) in cycle I and 25 students (92.59%) in cycle II. For the process of student answers from cycle I with an average presentation of 50 students' answer processes, 31% increased to 70.67% in cycle II. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the Problem Based Learning model assisted by Geogebra media can improve students' creative thinking skills.

This classroom action research was conducted because the level of student learning completion in the Fiqh subject was still low, namely only 59% of students achieved the Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM). By implementing the Problem Based Learning (PBL) method in Fiqh learning, it is expected to improve student learning outcomes in accordance with the expected learning objectives. The formulation of the problem in this study includes: how to implement Fiqh learning using the PBL method, and how to improve student learning outcomes after implementing the method at MI Muhammadiyah Basin. This study follows the stages in the classroom action model, namely: planning, implementing actions, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this study were grade VI students of MI Muhammadiyah Basin in the Fiqh subject. The results of this study indicate that the application of the PBL method with stages such as compiling problems or questions that must be solved by students, can encourage improved learning outcomes. This can be seen from the data obtained in cycles I and II. In cycle I, the percentage of students who achieved KKM was 70.59%, while in cycle II it increased to 94.18%. Based on these improvements, it can be concluded that the application of the Problem Based Learning method in Islamic Jurisprudence learning has succeeded in improving student learning outcomes at MI Muhammadiyah Basin.

Effective learning is reflected in the extent to which learning objectives can be achieved. This study aims to examine how the planning, implementation, and evaluation of Fiqh learning using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model in measuring the critical thinking skills of students in grades VII to IX at MTs Salafuyah Purwakarta. This study uses a qualitative approach involving teachers and students as the main subjects. Data were obtained through field observations, documentation, and interviews with teachers and students, which were then analyzed using domain, taxonomy, and componential analysis techniques. The results of the study indicate that the Fiqh learning planning in grades VIII and IX has been prepared in accordance with the Learning Implementation Plan (RPP) which refers to the steps of the PBL model. The learning implementation process also follows the stages in the model, with the teacher acting as a facilitator, including providing internet access to support learning activities. Learning evaluation includes cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects. The results of students' critical thinking skills show that grade VII students are in the fairly critical category, while grade VIII and IX students are included in the critical category.

This research focuses on developing a game-based learning model to improve students' mathematical problem-solving abilities of class XI students at SMK Pratidina Makassar. This model was designed to make the learning process more interesting and interactive while increasing students' understanding of mathematical concepts. Through a game approach, students are invited to think critically and analytically in solving mathematical problems, so that their problem-solving abilities can develop. The research results show that this game-based learning model is effective in improving students' mathematical problem-solving abilities. Apart from that, this model also succeeds in creating a more enjoyable learning atmosphere and students' learning motivation is higher. Therefore, this research recommends implementing a game-based learning model in teaching mathematics.

Learning Indonesian contains material regarding news texts that students need to master. Based on observations at SMP N 19 Semarang, especially in class VII F, it shows that learning carried out on news text material has not been carried out effectively, and the material has not been fully conveyed properly in the learning process resulting in learning that cannot be said according to learning outcomes. Educators need to carry out activities to improve learning and deal with problems in the classroom, one of which is by designing learning media that can help facilitate the learning process. This model needs to be integrated with something that is currently closely related to students so that it can provide an imprinted and memorable learning experience for students. One model that is relevant to the characteristics of students is the ASSURE model. Based on the research that was conducted on 32 students at SMP N 19 Semarang, in the first cycle the average student assessment score was below the average score of 69.53, while in the second cycle there was an increase in student assessment scores with an average score. -class average 81.25. This proves that the application of the ASSURE model for digital pocket book learning media to news texts for class VII SMP can be said to be effective.