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Mengajarkan etika dan moral kepada anak sejak dini sangat penting untuk membentuk karakter mereka agar menjadi individu yang jujur, bertanggung jawab, dan peduli terhadap orang lain. Anak-anak belajar melalui lingkungan sekitar mereka, baik di rumah, sekolah, maupun dalam interaksi sosial sehari-hari. Oleh karena itu, orang tua dan guru perlu menggunakan strategi kreatif untuk menanamkan nilai-nilai etika dan moral. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan studi literatur untuk menganalisis berbagai sumber tentang pendidikan etika dan moral pada anak. Beberapa strategi efektif yang dapat digunakan antara lain memberikan keteladanan, membiasakan anak dengan perilaku baik, menggunakan cerita untuk mengajarkan nilai moral, serta melibatkan anak dalam kegiatan interaktif dan teknologi. Dengan pendekatan yang tepat, anak-anak dapat memahami perbedaan antara perilaku baik dan buruk, serta membangun sikap yang sesuai dengan norma sosial. Harapannya, mereka akan tumbuh menjadi individu yang berintegritas, bertanggung jawab, dan memiliki kepedulian terhadap sesama. Teaching ethics and morals to children from an early age is essential to shape their character to become honest, responsible, and caring individuals for others. Children learn through their environment, whether at home, school, or in everyday social interactions. Therefore, parents and teachers need to use creative strategies to instill ethical and moral values. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study to analyze various sources about ethical and moral education in children. Some effective strategies that can be used include setting an example, accustoming children to good behavior, using stories to teach moral values, and involving children in interactive and technological activities. With the right approach, children can understand the difference between good and bad behavior, as well as build attitudes that conform to social norms. The hope is that they will grow into individuals with integrity, responsibility, and concern for others.  

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis struktur intrinsik naskah drama “Kecoa Tengah Malam” karya Bode Riswandi dengan menggunakan pendekatan strukturalisme. Pendekatan strukturalisme merupakan teori yang memfokuskan karya sastra sebagai sebuah struktur yang utuh berdasarkan unsur intrinsik yang terdapat dalam karya sastra. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik studi pustaka dan teknik analisis teks terhadap unsur intrinsik seperti tema, alur, tokoh dan penokohan, latar, gaya bahasa, sudut pandang, dan amanat. Hasil analisis cerpen ini mengangkat tema pengkhianatan dalam rumah tangga serta kehancuran harga diri seorang suami yang lumpuh, dikemas melalui simbolisme satire dan sindiran tajam terhadap norma sosial. Alur yang digunakan adalah alur maju (linier). Tokoh-tokohnya, yaitu Dr. Marus, Cicilia, Kristian, dan Atun, memiliki karakter yang memperkuat konflik moral dan emosional. Latar tempat utama berpusat pada sebuah rumah mewah milik Dr. Marus. Latar waktu berlangsung antara malam hingga pagi, mempertegas intensitas perubahan psikologis tokoh-tokohnya, sementara latar suasana ditampilkan dalam nuansa ketegangan dan ketidaknyamanan. Gaya bahasa bersifat simbolik dan tragis, memperdalam pesan yang disampaikan. Sudut pandang yang digunakan adalah orang ketiga. Amanat dalam naskah ini menekankan pentingnya menjaga moralitas, kesetiaan, dan empati dalam kehidupan pernikahan.

Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana meditasi di alam terbuka dapat meningkatkan kecerdasan spiritual pada generasi muda Penghayat Sapta Darma di Kabupaten Wonogiri. Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah penurunan moralitas dan kesadaran spiritual di kalangan generasi muda, yang terlihat dari perilaku dan tutur kata yang kurang menghormati norma-norma sosial. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran meditasi di alam terbuka dalam meningkatkan kecerdasan spiritual, mengidentifikasi tantangan dan hambatan dalam pelaksanaannya, serta menganalisis perbandingan kualitas kecerdasan spiritual sebelum dan sesudah mengikuti meditasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif studi kasus dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meditasi di alam terbuka efektif dalam meningkatkan kecerdasan spiritual, terutama dalam hal pengendalian diri, kesadaran moral, dan sikap sosial. Peserta meditasi mengalami perubahan signifikan dalam perilaku, menjadi lebih tenang, sabar, dan menghargai orang lain. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah meditasi di alam terbuka merupakan metode yang efektif untuk meningkatkan kecerdasan spiritual dan moralitas generasi muda Penghayat Sapta Darma.

Human trafficking is a highly complex form of transnational crime involving transnational criminal networks. This crime generally originates from developing countries with unstable socio-economic conditions, where women and children are often the primary victims. They are forced or tricked into working in exploitative sectors, particularly sexual exploitation, labor exploitation, and other forms of oppression that benefit agents, distributors, and organized crime syndicates. In Indonesia, regulations regarding this crime are stipulated in Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of the Crime of Human Trafficking. This study aims to determine the form of legal protection provided to victims of human trafficking in the jurisdiction of the Surabaya Police, as well as to understand the various obstacles faced by police officers and the efforts made to overcome them. The research method used is empirical juridical, namely examining the law in practice through primary data obtained from interviews, observations, and official documents, then combined with secondary data in the form of legal literature, laws and regulations, and tertiary legal materials to support the analysis. This study found that the Surabaya City Police have implemented legal protection measures for victims of human trafficking in accordance with applicable regulations, from handling reports and conducting investigations and inquiries, to coordinating with relevant agencies such as social services, women's and children's protection agencies, and non-governmental organizations. However, several obstacles remain, including limited police resources, low victim awareness of reporting cases, and threats from perpetrators that discourage victims from cooperating. Despite this, maximum efforts continue to be made through improved inter-agency coordination, legal and psychological assistance for victims, and firm law enforcement against perpetrators. Therefore, it can be concluded that legal protection for victims of human trafficking at the Surabaya City Police has been quite effective, although institutional strengthening and increased public legal awareness are still needed.

Background: Pregnancy is a physiological process experienced by every woman, but it can be accompanied by various discomforts, both physical and psychological. In the third trimester, hormonal, physical, and emotional changes often trigger complaints such as anxiety, difficulty sleeping, and discomfort. These conditions, if not managed, can negatively impact the health of the mother and fetus, including increasing the risk of pregnancy complications. One non-pharmacological approach that is increasingly in demand to address these problems is aromatherapy, namely the use of essential oils from plants as a complementary therapy. Objective: This literature study aims to explore the effectiveness of aromatherapy in reducing anxiety levels and improving sleep quality in pregnant women, especially in the final trimester. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted by analyzing ten national journal articles published between 2014–2024. Articles were selected through a purposive sampling method based on the suitability of the topics with aromatherapy, pregnancy, anxiety, and sleep quality. Results: Most studies show that aromatherapy, especially with lavender, orange, and chamomile essential oils, has a positive effect in reducing anxiety levels and improving sleep quality. The mechanism of action of aromatherapy is thought to involve stimulation of the limbic system in the brain via the olfactory pathway, which plays a role in regulating emotions, inducing relaxation, and reducing sympathetic nervous system activity. These effects help reduce tension and facilitate better sleep in pregnant women. Conclusion: Aromatherapy has been shown to be a safe, easy-to-implement, and effective complementary intervention for addressing anxiety and sleep disturbances in pregnancy. Healthcare providers, particularly midwives, are advised to integrate this therapy into holistic antenatal care to support the overall well-being of pregnant women.

Perkembangan produktivitas tenaga kerja Indonesia menunjukkan tren positif dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, di mana pada periode 2018–2022 produktivitas meningkat sebesar 4,8% dengan capaian tertinggi pada tahun 2022 mencapai Rp86,55 juta per pekerja per tahun. Potensi kelautan dan perikanan yang besar menjadi salah satu modal penting dalam mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional. Proyeksi pertumbuhan Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) Indonesia pada tahun 2025 diperkirakan berada pada kisaran 4,9% hingga 5%, yang didorong oleh belanja publik yang terarah serta peningkatan investasi di berbagai sektor strategis. Pada tahun 2024, jumlah lapangan kerja diperkirakan mencapai 144,64 juta orang dengan pertumbuhan lapangan kerja baru yang berkontribusi terhadap penurunan tingkat pengangguran. Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) mengalami peningkatan dari 71,92 pada tahun 2023 menjadi target 72,51 pada tahun 2025, yang mencerminkan perbaikan kualitas pendidikan, kesehatan, dan standar hidup masyarakat. Rasio Gini, sebagai indikator ketimpangan pendapatan, menurun menjadi 0,380 pada akhir tahun 2024, menunjukkan peningkatan pemerataan pendapatan. Dari sisi pelayanan kesehatan, data alokasi BPJS Kesehatan pada tahun 2024 mencatat 102,8 juta data sampel yang tersedia, mencerminkan cakupan layanan kesehatan yang luas. Sementara itu, dari sisi fiskal, total penerimaan pajak dalam APBN 2024 diperkirakan mencapai Rp2.309,86 triliun dengan realisasi sementara sebesar Rp869,50 triliun, di mana penerimaan pajak termasuk pajak penghasilan dan pajak pertambahan nilai menunjukkan tren peningkatan dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Belanja negara diperkirakan mencapai Rp3.325,12 triliun yang diharapkan mampu mendukung pemerataan dan keberlanjutan pembangunan nasional.

This study examines the influence of parental absenteeism and parenting styles on adolescent delinquent behavior, as well as the role of emotional intelligence as a moderator. The research uses a quantitative approach with a correlational design. Data were collected from 224 high school students using delinquency scales, parental absenteeism, parenting styles, and the TEIQue-SF. The data were analyzed using linear regression and moderation analysis with SPSS and the PROCESS model 1 macro. The results indicate that parental absenteeism has a significant positive effect on juvenile delinquency (β = 0.232, p < 0.01), which means that the more frequently parents are absent, the higher the likelihood of delinquent behavior in adolescents. Additionally, parenting styles also have a significant effect on delinquency (R² = 0.149, p < 0.01). Both authoritarian and permissive styles increase the risk of delinquency, while the authoritative style serves as a protective factor that can reduce juvenile delinquency. The authoritative style, combining discipline with affection, is shown to be effective in preventing negative behaviors in adolescents. Emotional intelligence plays a significant role as a moderator in the relationship between parental absenteeism and delinquency (β = -0.128, p < 0.05), suggesting that adolescents with higher emotional intelligence can mitigate the negative impact of parental absenteeism on their delinquent behavior. However, emotional intelligence does not significantly moderate the relationship between parenting styles and delinquency. These findings highlight the importance of active parental involvement in parenting and the development of adolescents' emotional intelligence to prevent delinquent behavior. Therefore, comprehensive and culturally-based intervention approaches involving families, schools, and communities are needed to support the prevention of adolescent delinquency and foster healthy, positive relationships for them.

Moral education is the main pillar in shaping the character of children who have integrity, empathy, and have high moral awareness, especially in terms of filial devotion to parents. In the midst of the advancement of the times and the rapid development of technology, children face great challenges in maintaining noble moral values. The unstoppable flow of digital information often presents content that is contrary to family and religious values. Therefore, moral education is present as a systematic effort to instill good values in a sustainable and contextual manner with the development of the times. This study uses a library research approach to explore the role of moral education in shaping the character of children who are devoted to their parents. Data sources are collected from scientific journals, textbooks, and current academic articles relevant to the theme. The results of the study show that the formation of filial character is greatly influenced by the example of parents and teachers, habituation of positive behaviors such as good manners, worship together, and affectionate communication. In addition, the integration of moral values in the school environment, explicit curriculum policy support for character education, and the wise use of digital media are important factors in supporting the success of moral education. Furthermore, strengthening the school culture and the active involvement of the community in internalizing moral values also strengthen the moral education process. This study concludes that moral education cannot run in isolation, but must be the result of synergy between family, school, and community. Thus, children not only grow up as intellectually intelligent individuals, but also have emotional and spiritual intelligence that reflects an attitude of respect and love for parents. Strong moral education from an early age is a long-term investment for the formation of a generation with noble character.

This study aims to determine the role of parents in fulfilling the right to education for girls based on the implementation of Article 31 Paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution in the region. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection methods in the form of interviews, observations, and documentation. Informants in this study consisted of village heads, parents, and girls who dropped out of school. Data analysis was carried out using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman which includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study revealed that some parents showed a high awareness of the importance of education for girls and provided real support by sending their children to school to a certain level of education. However, there are also parents who still limit their children's education to only a certain level, mainly due to limited economic reasons and the influence of cultural values ​​rooted in society. Factors such as economic dependence on girls and the view that higher education is not necessary for women are obstacles in realizing equal access to education. The implementation of Article 31 Paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution at the village level has not been optimal because there are no specific policies or programs from the village government that actually guarantee the right to education for girls. This study concludes that parental involvement plays an important role in addressing the inequality of access to education for girls in rural areas, and further support is needed from the government and the community to create an environment that is more supportive of girls' education. The implementation of more inclusive policies based on the needs of the local community is also very necessary to ensure that girls' right to education can be properly fulfilled.

Adolescence is often regarded as a vulnerable and critical period, marked by the transition from childhood to adulthood. In today’s context, this phase is frequently described as a time of crisis due to the lack of proper guidance during personality formation. Teenagers require support and direction, particularly from their parents, to help navigate this stage. The family plays a crucial role in shaping behavior and is considered the primary institution responsible for preventing and addressing juvenile delinquency. A harmonious family life often reflects in the child’s behavior and interaction with the environment. When parents are actively involved in guiding and mentoring their children, adolescents are more likely to become positive role models. Deviant behavior among teenagers has become a pressing issue, especially considering that the youth are regarded as future assets for the nation, state, and religion. This study aims to: (1) Identify the factors that cause deviant behavior among teenagers in Kendayakan Village, Serang District; and (2) Explore the efforts made by parents to address such behavior. A qualitative research method with a case study approach was employed. Data were collected using three techniques: observation, interviews, and documentation. The analysis was carried out using qualitative descriptive methods. The findings reveal that deviant behavior among teenagers in Kendayakan Village is influenced by two main factors: (a) environmental factors, such as peer influence and lack of positive role models, and (b) individual factors, including emotional instability and lack of self-control. Meanwhile, the efforts made by parents include providing supervision, instilling discipline, offering advice and religious education, and collaborating with schools and community leaders. These efforts highlight the critical role of parental intervention in preventing and addressing adolescent deviance.

Wayfinding adalah proses mencari dan menentukan arah untuk mencapai tujuan dalam suatu lingkungan. Menurut Passini (1984), proses wayfinding meliputi tiga tahap utama: pengambilan keputusan, pelaksanaan keputusan, dan pemrosesan informasi. Proses ini melibatkan berbagai perilaku dan strategi navigasi yang berbeda tergantung perbedaan individual dan keadaan lingkungan. Studi ini mengkaji strategi navigasi berdasarkan klasifikasi perilaku wayfinding Barker (2019), yang mengelompokkan perilaku ke dalam tiga kategori utama: sosial, semantik, dan spasial. Berdasarkan Barker (2019) dan Dalton dkk. (2019) perilaku sosial melibatkan penggunaan informasi dari interaksi atau tindakan orang lain. Perilaku semantik menggunakan simbol dan petunjuk. Sedangkan perilaku spasial bergantung pada elemen fisik dan model kognitif di lingkungan. Melalui pencarian di berbagai database ilmiah, ditemukan 40 artikel yang diterbitkan antara tahun 1980 hingga 2025, dengan persentase penelitian terbaru dalam 10 tahun terakhir sekitar 60% yang dianalisis dalam kajian ini. Hasil dari tinjauan literatur ini menemukan bahwa individu dari berbagai kondisi dan latar belakang memiliki strategi navigasi yang berbeda, ada yang menggunakan perilaku sosial, perilaku semantik, atau perilaku spasial, bahkan ditemukan pula perilaku kombinasi. Pemahaman yang mendalam terhadap variasi perilaku ini memberikan implikasi penting dalam perancangan elemen arsitektur interior maupun sistem navigasi yang inklusif dan responsif terhadap kebutuhan seluruh pengguna.  

This research is motivated by the high rate of early marriage in Pamatan Village, which is a serious social issue and impacts the quality of life of the younger generation. This phenomenon is thought to be influenced by various social factors, including parental education level (X₁), family economic status (X₂), and school dropout rate (X₃). The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of these three independent variables on the decision to marry early (Y). This study uses an explanatory quantitative approach with an ex post facto design, where the researcher does not intervene on the variables, but rather analyzes the relationships that have occurred. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. Data were collected through questionnaires to 100 respondents selected using a purposive sampling technique, namely teenagers or families with a history of early marriage. The results of the analysis show that simultaneously the variables of parental education, economic status, and school dropout rate have a significant influence on the decision to marry early with a calculated F value of 139.302 which is greater than the F table of 2.699 and a significance value of 0.001. Partially, only economic status (X₂) and school dropout rate (X₃) significantly influence the decision to marry early, while parental education (X₁) does not have a significant influence. The Adjusted R Square value of 0.807 indicates that 80.7% of the variation in the decision to marry early can be explained by these three variables. This finding underscores the importance of efforts to improve education and empower family economics as a preventive measure to reduce the rate of early marriage among adolescents in the village.  

the liberation of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt, marking God's intervention in the history of His people and the beginning of a new grain harvest. On the other hand, Easter marks the resurrection of Jesus Christ, a symbol of victory over sin and death, and the culmination of salvation provided through His sacrifice on the cross. In this context, the Eucharist becomes an important sacrament symbolizing the body and Passover and Easter have deep meanings in their respective religious traditions. Passover (Pesach) celebrates blood of Christ. The bread, as a symbol of His broken body, and the cup, as a symbol of His shed blood, remind Christians of God's infinite sacrifice and love. However, in the early days of Christianity, the practice of the Eucharist was often misunderstood, leading to accusations of cannibalism against Christians. This misunderstanding arose because the terms "body" and "blood" were interpreted literally by outsiders. To counter these accusations, Christian apologists, such as Justin Martyr and Tertullian, attempted to provide a theological explanation for the symbolism, emphasizing that the Eucharist was a spiritual and not a physical act. Thus, both Easter and the Eucharist reflect the profound themes of liberation and hope, as well as the importance of a correct understanding of the symbolism of Christian teaching to avoid harmful misunderstandings. This shows that a proper understanding of religious traditions can strengthen faith and strengthen relationships among believers.

In the calling of believers, the meaning of spiritual life refers to a strong relationship between a person and their faith, which influences their actions, values, and life goals. Spiritual life is not just about personal piety; it is also an essential part of a believer’s mission, ministry, and relationship with God. It is a journey of transformation that encourages believers to align their lives with divine will and to actively participate in the wider community of faith. This calling encourages believers to pursue their purpose, encouraging moral progress, spiritual maturity, and a sense of responsibility toward others. By living a spiritual life, a person can gain a better understanding of the believer’s place in this world and how they can live according to God’s design.

Pijat bayi merupakan salah satu bentuk stimulasi sentuhan yang dapat mendukung tumbuh kembang bayi, termasuk membantu mengatasi gangguan tidur. Meskipun praktik ini telah dikenal secara tradisional di Indonesia, pemahaman masyarakat mengenai manfaat dan teknik pijat bayi yang tepat masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan ibu tentang Pijat bayi terhadap minat melakukan Pijat bayi kepada tenaga kesehatan di Tempat Praktek Mandiri Bidan (TPMB) Iswati, Kecamatan Senduro, Kabupaten Lumajang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif dan desain cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu yang memiliki bayi usia 1–12 bulan sebanyak 30 orang, dengan teknik total sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-Square melalui aplikasi SPSS versi 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan ibu dengan minat melakukan baby massage ke tenaga kesehatan(p-value = 0,020 ; < alfa = 0,05). Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa semakin tinggi pengetahuan ibu, maka semakin besar pula minat mereka untuk melakukan pijat bayi secara profesional. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar dalam pengembangan program edukasi bagi ibu mengenai pentingnya pijat bayi, serta menjadi referensi bagi penelitian selanjutnya.

This study aims to describe the role of parents in supporting the achievements of sepak takraw athletes in Batang Regency. Athlete achievement is determined not only by individual abilities and training received, but also by support from their immediate environment, particularly family. In this context, parents play a strategic role in the coaching and development of young athletes, both physically, mentally, and emotionally. This study used a qualitative approach with data collection techniques such as in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation. The subjects in this study consisted of parents of sepak takraw athletes, athletes who have achieved success at the regional level, and coaches involved in coaching. Through this approach, comprehensive data was obtained regarding the forms of support provided by parents. The results show that parents play a crucial role in encouraging athlete success. This role is manifested through various forms of support, including moral support in the form of motivation and encouragement, material support such as providing training equipment and transportation costs, and direct involvement in monitoring children's development. Parents also actively communicate and collaborate with coaches and clubs to create a conducive coaching environment. In addition, parents' positive attitudes in appreciating their children's interests and talents contribute to the athletes' high level of self-confidence and commitment. Thus, active parental involvement has been shown to significantly contribute to improving the performance of sepak takraw athletes, particularly at the district level. This research suggests the need for systematic parental involvement in regional sports development programs.  

Penelitian ini menganalisis manajemen program pertukaran pelajar di SD Muhammadiyah Wirobrajan 3 dan SD Muhammadiyah Sokonandi Yogyakarta yang bertujuan meningkatkan mutu pendidikan dasar melalui pertukaran budaya dan pembelajaran global. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Informan penelitian meliputi kepala sekolah, pengelola program, guru pendamping, siswa, dan orang tua. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa manajemen program dilaksanakan melalui empat fungsi utama: (1) perencanaan, termasuk seleksi peserta dan pelatihan pra-keberangkatan; (2) pengorganisasian melalui tim kerja berbasis struktur manajemen sekolah; (3) pelaksanaan melalui interaksi langsung dengan mitra sekolah luar negeri; dan (4) evaluasi berkala melalui laporan dan jurnal peserta. Tantangan utama meliputi keterbatasan pendanaan, komunikasi lintas budaya, dan akses teknologi. Keberhasilan program sangat dipengaruhi oleh kepemimpinan kepala sekolah, kolaborasi antar pemangku kepentingan, dan manajemen hubungan publik yang efektif. Rekomendasi mencakup perluasan kemitraan, penguatan dukungan orang tua, dan inovasi dalam pelatihan siswa.

Berdasarkan data dari World Health Organization (WHO) sekitar 29% orang dewasa di seluruh dunia diperkirakan akan menderita hipertensi pada tahun 2025, yang berarti peningkatan dari sekitar 1 miliar orang menjadi 1,5 miliar orang. Hipertensi disebabkan oleh kombinasi faktor gaya hidup seperti konsumsi garam tinggi, obesitas, kurang olahraga, merokok, konsumsi alkohol, dan stres, serta faktor medis seperti penyakit ginjal, gangguan hormonal, dan sleep apnea. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membutikan secara signifikan efektivitas konsumsi black garlic terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan metode observasional dengan pendekatan pre-test post-test with control grup untuk membandingkan efektivitas black garlic sebelum dan sesudah mengkonsumsi 1 kali sehari dengan efektivitas black garlic sebelum dan sesudah mengkonsumsi 2 kali sehari. Diketahui perbandingan antara kedua kelompok menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi black garlic dua kali sehari secara statistik lebih efektif dibandingkan satu kali sehari, baik untuk tekanan darah sistolik (p = 0,001) maupun diastolik (p = 0,010).

Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta merupakan wilayah dengan indeks risiko bencana sedang (119, 56) tahun 2022. Erupsi gunung berapi dapat menimbulkan kerusakan fisik dan korban jiwa yang tinggi, terutama jika penanganan darurat tidak dilakukan dengan cepat dan tepat. Salah satu keterampilan penting dalam situasi darurat adalah Resusitasi Jantung Paru (RJP), yang dapat menyelamatkan nyawa korban henti jantung sebelum bantuan medis tiba. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji pengaruh simulasi bencana letusan gunung berapi terhadap keterampilan resusitasi jantung paru (RJP) siswa SMA Negeri 1 Cangkringan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pra-eksperimen dengan one-group pretest-posttest design . Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik simple random sampling dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 30 orang. Responden diberikan intervensi berupa simulasi bencana letusan gunung berapi dan pertolongan pertama pada korban henti jantung. Instrumen penelitian berupa lembar observasi keterampilan CPR berdasarkan pedoman American Heart Association (AHA) 2020. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji Wilcoxon . Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan adanya peningkatan keterampilan RJP siswa secara signifikan setelah mengikuti simulasi, dengan nilai p sebesar 0,000 (p<0,05). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa simulasi bencana letusan gunung berapi efektif dalam meningkatkan keterampilan RJP siswa. Harapanya simulasi ini diterapkan secara sistematis dalam program Satuan Pendidikan Aman Bencana (SPAB) di sekolah.

Motivasi belajar merupakan dorongan yang berasal dari internal maupun eksternal diri seseorang. Motivasi belajar menjadi faktor penting dalam keberhasilan pendidikan mahasiswa. Tetapi, rendahnya motivasi belajar masih menjadi kendala utama, yang disebabkan oleh kurangnya minat terhadap media pembelajaran yang digunakan. E-pocket book menjadi salah satu solusi alternatif karena bersifat praktis, mudah diakses, dan memuat materi pembelajaran secara ringkas namun padat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui adakah efektivitas pemberian E-pocket book anestesi untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar mahasiswa pra-klinik. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis eksperimen dengan desain one group pretest and posttest. Populasi dalam penelitian ini ialah mahasiswa D4 Keperawatan Anestesiologi Angkatan 2023. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik simple random sampling yaitu berjumlah 30 orang. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner motivasi belajar. Analisa data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil yang didapatkan ialah sebelum diberikan E-pocket book anestesi sebagian besar responden berada pada tingkat motivasi yang sedang dengan presentase 50% dan sesudah diberikan sebagian besar responden berada pada tingkt motivasi belajar yang tinggi dengan presentase 86.7% . Hasil uji Wilcoxon nilai p-value 0,001 maka nilai p-value <0,05.